31 research outputs found
Spatial ecology of blue shark and shortfin mako in southern Peru: local abundance, habitat preferences and implications for conservation
While global declines of pelagic shark populations have been recognized for several years, conservation efforts remain hampered by a poor understanding of their spatial distribution and ecology. Two species of conservation concern are the blue shark Prionace glauca and the shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus. To improve management of these species, this study examined their local abundance patterns, habitat preferences, and distribution in the Southeast Pacific. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) data from an artisanal fishery in Peru were used to identify geographic hot spots and model abundance estimates as a function of environmental variables, including the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A 10 yr data series revealed declining annual landings since 2012, despite no changes in management structures. Significant aggregations of both species were found in southwestern Peruvian waters (74-76 degrees W, 17-19 degrees S), with both species-specific hot spots targeted by major fishing efforts. P. glauca CPUE increased during La Nina conditions (i.e. low water temperature anomaly), and CPUE of both species declined when water depths exceeded 1000 m. Correlations with lunar illumination and chlorophyll a were revealed in P. glauca and I. oxyrinchus, respectively. Modeling explained 57 to 61% of the deviance, indicating that other factors not included in the present study might account for unexplained variance in CPUE (e.g. thermocline depth, location of marine fronts, dissolved oxygen, and gear characteristics). Given the importance of the examined area to shark fisheries and the exploitation of multiple species of conservation concern, the information presented here can be used to inform management strategies designed to limit the depletion of pelagic sharks
Análisis de la matriz energética de Guatemala, y el comportamiento del precio de los combustibles en función de los precios internacionales.
Desde el inicio del siglo XXI hasta la actualidad, la matriz energética en Guatemala ha variado en precio, capacidad instalada, diversidad de fuentes de generación, tecnología en la transmisión de potencia, y otros factores. Desde el año 1996 cuando se abrió el mercado energético al capital privado, se amplió la variedad de plantas generadoras en el país. En esta situación se hizo necesario analizar variables del sistema como crecimiento anual de la demanda de energía eléctrica, variaciones de los precios del petróleo y sus derivados. Esto con la intención de poder tomar mejores decisiones a la hora de diseñar un plan de expansión del sistema eléctrico para el futuro crecimiento del país. En base a estos datos se pueden encontrar, por medio de métodos estocásticos, relaciones entre los precios de los derivados del petróleo con el precio del petróleo mismo que permiten entender mejor como impactan en la vida cotidiana de los guatemaltecos y guatemaltecas
Propiedades psicométricas do Instrumento de Avaliação de Funcionalidade no Tratamento para Doenças Crónicas (FACT-GP) en población general Mexicana
Quality of life is a relevant aspect of people's lives, even more so when high comorbidities are present in the general population, so its valid and reliable measurement is necessary. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the Instrument for the Evaluation of Functionality in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases (FACT-GP) in the general Mexican population. Method: A cross-sectional design was used, with a non-probabilistic sampling, based on availability. Statistical analysis: A confirmatory factorial model was performed. Results: 254 participants with M = 23.5 years (21-32) were included. Four factors with 18 reagents were identified. The internal consistency of the global scale was 0.81, which explains 58.93 % of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis present adequate indices (CFI, RMR, RMSEA), that prove a balanced and parsimonious fit of the model structure. Conclusion: The FACT-GP showed a structure similar to the original version with valid and reliable indicators for its use in clinical care and research aimed at the general Mexican population.La calidad de vida es un aspecto relevante en la vida de las personas, más aún cuando se presentan comorbilidades altas en población general, por lo que su medición de forma válida y confiable es necesaria. Objetivo: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas del Instrumento de Evaluación de Funcionalidad en el Tratamiento para Enfermedades Crónicas (FACT-GP) en población general mexicana. Método: Se empleó un diseño transversal, con un muestreo no probabilístico, por disponibilidad. Análisis estadístico: Se realizó un modelo factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 254 participantes con M = 23.5 años (21-32). Se identificaron 4 factores con 18 reactivos. La consistencia interna de la escala global fue .81, que explican el 58.93 % de la varianza. El análisis factorial confirmatorio presenta índices adecuados (CFI, RMR, RMSEA), que indican un ajuste equilibrado y parsimonioso de la estructura del modelo. Conclusión: El FACT-GP mostró una estructura similar a la versión original, con indicadores válidos y confiables para su uso en la atención clínica e investigación dirigida a población general mexicana.A qualidade de vida é um aspecto relevante na vida das pessoas, ainda mais quando ocorrem altas comorbidades na população em geral, sendo necessária sua mensuração válida e confiável. Objetivo: Determinar as propriedades psicométricas do Instrumento de Avaliação da Funcionalidade no Tratamento para Doenças Crônicas (FACT-GP) na população mexicana em geral. Método: Utilizou-se o delineamento transversal, com amostragem não probabilística, devido à disponibilidade. Análise estatística: Foi realizado um modelo fatorial confirmatório. Resultados: Foram incluídos 254 participantes com idade M = 23,5 anos (21-32). 4 fatores foram identificados com 18 itens. A consistência interna da escala global foi de 0,81, o que explica 58,93 % da variância. A análise fatorial confirmatória apresenta índices adequados (CFI, RMR, RMSEA), que indicam um ajuste equilibrado e parcimonioso da estrutura do modelo. Conclusão: O FACT-GP apresentou estrutura semelhante à versão original com indicadores válidos e confiáveis para sua utilização na assistência clínica e em pesquisas direcionadas à população em geral
Psychological interventions in patients with lung cancer: A review of the research literature
Cáncer de pulmón; Ansiedad; DepresiónLung cancer; Anxiety; DepressionCàncer de pulmó; Ansietat; DepressióIntroducción. El cáncer de pulmón (CP) es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en México y representa un grave problema de salud pública. Los pacientes reportan diversas afectaciones psicosociales, entre las cuales los síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y estigma percibido son los que más repercuten en su calidad de vida. Se han desarrollado diversas intervenciones psicológicas para ayudar a mejorar el estado psicológico de los pacientes con cáncer; sin embargo, la evidencia es particularmente limitada en los pacientes con CP. Objetivo. Conocer la evidencia acerca de las intervenciones psicológicas para aminorar o eliminar los síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y estigma percibido, y para mejorar por consiguiente su calidad de vida. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda PIOen las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO y Cochrane Library, sin restringir las fechas de publicación de los artículos. Resultados. Se obtuvo un total de 653 artículos, considerándose para esta revisión cuatro ensayos controlados aleatorizados y un cuasiexperimento. Discusión. Esta revisión propor-ciona evidencia respecto a la efectividad de diversas intervenciones psicológicas, siendo la terapia cognitivo-conductual el tipo de intervención más reportada y con mayores efectos positivos en la reducción de las variables mencionadas y la mejora de la calidad de vida, por lo que se recomienda llevar a cabo más análisis para demostrar su efectividad en pacientes con CP en población latina, y particularmente en México.Introduction. Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of mortality in Mexico, representing a serious public health problem. Patients show various psychosocial disorders, among which symptoms of anxiety, depression, and higher levels of perceived stigma are the most prevalent, affecting their quality of life. Various psychological interventions help improve the psychological state of cancer patients; however, the evidence is not as abundant in patients with LC.
Objective. To explore the evidence of successful psychological interventions for symptoms of anxiety, depression, perceived stigma, and quality of life in patients with LC.
Method. An IOP search was carried out in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. There was no restriction on the publication dates.
Results. 653 articles appeared, from which four random control essays and one quasi-experiment were included for this review. Discussion. The results provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of various psychological interventions, behavioral-cognitive therapy is the most frequently reported type of intervention and with the most noticeable positive effects on reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and perceived stigma and improving the quality of life. More research would better demonstrate its effectiveness in patients with PC in the Latino population, particularly in Mexico
ANÁLISIS DE CAPACIDAD DEL PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE PAPAS FRITAS MEDIANTE EL PROGRAMA DE SIMULACIÓN FLEXSIM (CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE CHIPS PRODUCTION PROCESS USING FLEXSIM SOFTWARE)
Resumen
La empresa bajo estudio desconoce si la capacidad actual de su proceso puede cumplir las expectativas de la demanda del cliente. Contar con una representación gráfica del flujo de producción de papas fritas mediante el software de simulación Flexsim, permitirá evaluar la capacidad de producción del proceso, y establecer escenarios optimistas y pesimistas ante el comportamiento de demanda. Esto se logra obteniendo el tiempo estándar de cada etapa del proceso, después se procede a la categorización de las variables y elementos necesarios para realizar el modelo, y, por último, la simulación. Las corridas de simulación permitieron comprobar, que la producción siempre estará en función del tiempo de cuello de botella, por lo que, al realizar cambios en el tamaño de lote, este tiempo cambia. Así mismo, las estrategias de mejora deben estar enfocadas en mejorar las condiciones de operación y estandarización de la estación cuello de botella.
Palabras Clave: Capacidad de producción, corridas de simulación, cuello de botella, programa de simulación FlexSim, tiempo estándar.
Abstract
The company under study does not know if the current capacity of its process can meet the expectations of customer demand. Having a graphical representation of the potato chips production flow through the Flexsim simulation software will allow evaluating the production capacity of the process, and establishing optimistic and pessimistic scenarios in the face of demand behavior. This is achieved by obtaining the standard time of each stage of the process, then we proceed to the categorization of the variables and elements necessary to carry out the model, and, finally, the simulation. The simulation runs allowed to verify that the production will always be a function of the bottleneck time, therefore, when making changes to the batch size, this time changes. Likewise, the improvement strategies must be focused on improving the operating conditions and standardization of the bottleneck station.
Keywords: Flexsim simulation software, production capacity, simulation runs, bottleneck, standard time
Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years
Prospeccion del recurso Chanque Concholepas concholepas en Pisco, San Juan de Marcona y Lomas, 1998 y enero 1999
Describe la información biológico pesquera del chanque en las zonas de extracción de Pisco, San Juan de Marcona y Lomas, proveniente de las prospecciones efectuadas por personal del Laboratorio Costero de Pisco en los meses de agosto y noviembre de 1998 y enero de 1999.p. 15 - 2
Prospeccion del chanque y erizo en los puertos de Pisco, San Juan de Marcona y Lomas. Octubre 2000
Efectúa una prospección en los puertos de Pisco con el fin de obtener información biológico-pesquera de los recursos chanque y erizo, relacionados con los desembarques. El estudio sugiere tomar medidas regulativas que protejan estos recursos en estas zonas por su vulnerabilidad, teniendo en cuenta que la extracción afecta a los ejemplares juveniles de chanque que aún no han desovado y a los desovantes de erizo.16 p
Situacion del recurso macha (Mesodesma donacium) en el puerto de Lomas, Arequipa. Julio 1997 a enero 1998
Presenta los resultados de la evaluación realizada a los bancos naturales del puerto de Lomas (Arequipa) en julio, octubre de 1997 y enero de 1998, por buceo y ribera de playa. El estudio detalla las estructuras por tamaños, distribución espacial, aspectos reproductivos, desembarques, etc. del recurso. Finalmente, sugiere identificar otras zonas de asentamiento juveniles del recurso macha e intensificar su estudio para conocer el impacto que el ambiente marino podría ocasionar en las poblaciones del recurso.25 p