8 research outputs found

    Comparing Calculated and Measured Losses in a Satellite-Earth Quantum Channel

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    Long distance distribution of quantum states is necessary for quantum communication and large scale quantum experiments. Currently this distance is limited by channel loss. Previous theoretical analisys and proof of concept experiments showed that satellite quantum communication may have lower losses than optical cable based counterparts. Recently the QuESS experiment [3] realized the first satellite-Earth quantum channel. In this paper we compare heoretical predictions of different mathematical models with experimental results regarding channel loss. We examine the HV-5/7 model, HV-Night model and Greenwood model of optical turbulences, the geometric [4] and diffraction [5][6] models of beam wander and beam widening. Furthermore we take into account the effect of atmospheric gases and aerosols as well as the effect of pointing error. We find that theoretical predictions are largely in the same order of magnitude as experimental results. The exception is the diffraction model of beam spreading where our calculations yielded only one tenth of the measured value. Given the ever changing nature of weather conditions and the changing composition of atmospheric aerosoles we conclude that calculated and measured losses are in good agreement

    A vezetői megbízással rendelkező szociális szolgáltatást nyújtó személyek vezetőképzésének koncepciója a Semmelweis Egyetemen

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    In 2018 as a compulsory element an executive training program was introduced to the social education and training system. Semmelweis University was appointed by the Ministry of Human Capacities to realize and carry out the executive training program consisting of four units, called and later referred as modules. This paper aims to introduce the ideas and visions along which the content of the program has been developed to the wider professional audience. To cover all the information and crucial aspects the main stakeholders of the training were asked to present the concepts, content elements and experiences of the four modules, in separate sub-chapters

    Altered neural activity to monetary reward/loss processing in episodic migraine

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    The dysfunctions of the mesolimbic cortical reward circuit have been proposed to contribute to migraine pain. Although supporting empirical evidence was mainly found in connection with primary rewards or in chronic migraine where the pain experience is (almost) constant. Our goal however was to investigate the neural correlates of secondary reward/loss anticipation and consumption using the monetary incentive delay task in 29 episodic migraine patients and 41 headache-free controls. Migraine patients showed decreased activation in one cluster covering the right inferior frontal gyrus during reward consumption compared to controls. We also found significant negative correlation between the time of the last migraine attack before the scan and activation of the parahippocampal gyrus and the right hippocampus yielded to loss anticipation. During reward/loss consumption, a relative increase in the activity of the visual areas was observed the more time passed between the last attack and the scan session. Our results suggest intact reward/loss anticipation but altered reward consumption in migraine, indicating a decreased reactivity to monetary rewards. The findings also raise the possibility that neural responses to loss anticipation and reward/loss consumption could be altered by the proximity of the last migraine attack not just during pre-ictal periods, but interictally as well

    A Cross-Sectional Study on the Quality of Life in Migraine and Medication Overuse Headache in a Hungarian Sample: Understanding the Effect of Headache Characteristics

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    Háttér és célkitûzés – Általános és betegségspecifikus életminőség-kérdőívet használó vizsgálatok eredményei alapján mind migrénben, mind fájdalomcsillapító-túlfogyasztáshoz társuló fejfájásban (FTTF) szenvedő betegek esetében alacsonyabb életminôség-értékeket mértek a kontrollrésztvevőkhöz hasonlítva. Vizsgálatunk célja egyrészt a migrénben és FTTF-ben szenvedő betegek életminőségének, valamint a fejfájás-karakterisztika (fejfájós évek száma, auratünetek, triptánhasználat, fejfájássúlyosság és fejfájás-gyakoriság) életminőségre gyakorolt hatásának vizsgálata volt. Módszerek – Keresztmetszeti vizsgálatunkban 334 beteg vett részt (248 beteg fejfájás-ambulanciánkról, valamint 86 beteg hirdetés útján). A résztvevők életminőségének értékeléséhez az Átfogó Fejfájással Kapcsolatos Életminőség kérdőívet (CHQQ) használtuk. Adataink normáleloszlást mutattak, így χ2-próba mellett parametrikus teszte ket alkalmaztunk (például független mintás t-próba), a szignifikanciaszintet p < 0,05-ban határoztuk meg. A nem, életkor, beválogatási kritériumok, fejfájástípus, valamint fejfájás-karakterisztika (auratünetek megléte, fejfájós évek száma, fejfájás súlyossága, fejfájás gyakorisága, triptánhasználat) életminőségre gyakorolt hatásának vizsgálatához lineáris regressziós modelleket használtunk mind a három CHQQ-alskála és az összpontszám tekintetében is. Az utóbbi esetében az I. típusú hiba elkerülésének érdekében a szignifikanciaszintet p<=0,0125 (0,05/4) értékben határoztuk meg. Eredmények – A fejfájástípust önmagában vizsgálva az FTTF-ben szenvedő betegek a szociális alskála kivételével szignifikánsan alacsonyabb CHQQ-értékeket értek el, mint a migrénes betegek. A többi változó bevonásával elvégzett regressziós elemzések alapján a triptánhasználat mutatott fordított összefüggést az összes CHQQ-alskálaértékkel (p < 0,0125). A vizsgált fejfájás-karakterisztikák közül a fejfájás súlyossága mutatott szignifikáns kapcsolatot az alacsonyabb fizikaialskála-értékekkel (p = 0,001), valamint az alacsonyabb CHQQ-összpontszámmal (p = 0,002). Következtetés – Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a fejfájás-karakterisztika (és nem a fejfájás típusa önmagában) összefüggést mutat a fejfájós betegek alacsonyabb életminôségével. Az életminőség-változást előidézô faktorok meghatározása fontos a különböző betegpopulációk adekvát kezelésének, valamint az egészségügyi szolgáltatások igénybevételével és az egészségügyi költségekkel kapcsolatos népegészségügyi intézkedéseknek a megtervezése érdekében

    Biological Activities of Lactose-Derived Prebiotics and Symbiotic with Probiotics on Gastrointestinal System

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    Lactose-derived prebiotics provide wide ranges of gastrointestinal comforts. In this review article, the probable biochemical mechanisms through which lactose-derived prebiotics offer positive gastrointestinal health are reported along with the up-to-date results of clinical investigations; this might be the first review article of its kind, to the best of our knowledge. Lactose-derived prebiotics have unique biological and functional values, and they are confirmed as ‘safe’ by the Food and Drug Administration federal agency. Medical practitioners frequently recommend them as therapeutics as a pure form or combined with dairy-based products (yoghurt, milk and infant formulas) or fruit juices. The biological activities of lactose-derived prebiotics are expressed in the presence of gut microflora, mainly probiotics (Lactobacillus spp. in the small intestine and Bifidobacterium spp. in the large intestine). Clinical investigations reveal that galacto-oligosaccharide reduces the risks of several types of diarrhea (traveler’s diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea and Clostridium difficile associated relapsing diarrhea). Lactulose and lactosucrose prevent inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis). Lactulose and lactitol reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, lactulose, galacto-oligosaccharide and lactitol prevent constipation in individuals of all ages. It is expected that the present review article will receive great attention from medical practitioners and food technologists

    Biological Activities of Lactose-Based Prebiotics and Symbiosis with Probiotics on Controlling Osteoporosis, Blood-Lipid and Glucose Levels

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    Lactose-based prebiotics are synthesized by enzymatic- or microbial- biotransformation of lactose and have unique functional values. In this comprehensive review article, the biochemical mechanisms of controlling osteoporosis, blood-lipid, and glucose levels by lactose-based prebiotics and symbiosis with probiotics are reported along with the results of clinical investigations. Interaction between lactose-based prebiotics and probiotics reduces osteoporosis by (a) transforming insoluble inorganic salts to soluble and increasing their absorption to gut wall; (b) maintaining and protecting mineral absorption surface in the intestine; (c) increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins in the gut wall; (d) remodeling osteoclasts and osteoblasts formation; (e) releasing bone modulating factors; and (f) degrading mineral complexing phytic acid. Lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics control lipid level in the bloodstream and tissue by (a) suppressing the expressions of lipogenic- genes and enzymes; (b) oxidizing fatty acids in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue; (c) binding cholesterol with cell membrane of probiotics and subsequent assimilation by probiotics; (d) enzymatic-transformations of bile acids; and (e) converting cholesterol to coprostanol and its defecation. Symbiosis of lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics affect plasma glucose level by (a) increasing the synthesis of gut hormones plasma peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 from entero-endocrine L-cells; (b) altering glucose assimilation and metabolism; (c) suppressing systematic inflammation; (d) reducing oxidative stress; and (e) producing amino acids. Clinical investigations show that lactose-based prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide improves mineral absorption and reduces hyperlipidemia. Another lactose-based prebiotic, lactulose, improves mineral absorption, and reduces hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. It is expected that this review article will be of benefit to food technologists and medical practitioners
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