Artificial intelligence assisted Mid-infrared laser spectroscopy in situ detection of petroleum in soils

A simple, remote-sensed method of detection of traces of petroleum in soil combining artificial intelligence (AI) with mid-infrared (MIR) laser spectroscopy is presented. A portable MIR quantum cascade laser (QCL) was used as an excitation source, making the technique amenable to field applications. The MIR spectral region is more informative and useful than the near IR region for the detection of pollutants in soil. Remote sensing, coupled with a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, was used to accurately identify the presence/absence of traces of petroleum in soil mixtures. Chemometrics tools such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and SVM demonstrated the e ectiveness of rapidly di erentiating between di erent soil types and detecting the presence of petroleum traces in di erent soil matrices such as sea sand, red soil, and brown soil. Comparisons between results of PLS-DA and SVM were based on sensitivity, selectivity, and areas under receiver-operator curves (ROC). An innovative statistical analysis method of calculating limits of detection (LOD) and limits of decision (LD) from fits of the probability of detection was developed. Results for QCL/PLS-DA models achieved LOD and LD of 0.2% and 0.01% for petroleum/soil, respectively. The superior performance of QCL/SVM models improved these values to 0.04% and 0.003%, respectively, providing better identification probability of soils contaminated with petroleum

Cálculo de custos com base no tempo gasto por atividade para serviços de tomografia

A través del costeo basado en el tiempo invertido por actividad y de la asignación de costos se utiliza el tiempo como inductor de la actividad, y bajo la premisa de que la capacidad práctica no puede ser igual a la capacidad teórica, se desarrolla el presente estudio, con el objetivo de proponer un costeo basado en el tiempo invertido por actividad (TDABC), para un servicio de tomografía; a través de un estudio inductivo, descriptivo, de corte transeccional, utilizando la observación y el análisis de datos, el estudio se realizó en colaboración y coordinación con el área financiera y el personal del área de tomografía. Los resultados incorporan los análisis de procedimientos y subprocedimientos, actividades y comparaciones, así como los resultados del costeo a través del TDABC, como es el caso de un servicio en el que se invierte 38 minutos para su procesamiento y atención, de acuerdo al TDABC, el costo del servicio sería de S/ 597.47.Through the costing based on time spent per activity and cost allocation, time is used as an inductor of the activity, and under the premise that the practical capacity cannot be equal to the theoretical capacity, the present study is developed, with the objective of proposing a costing based on time spent per activity (TDABC), for a tomography service; through an inductive, descriptive, cross-sectional study, using observation and data analysis, the study was carried out in collaboration and coordination with the financial area and the staff of the tomography area. The results incorporate the analysis of procedures and sub-procedures, activities and comparisons, as well as the results of the costing through the TDABC, as is the case of a service in which 38 minutes are invested for processing and attention, according to the TDABC method, the cost of the service would be S/ 597.47.Á travers le chiffrage basé sur le temps investi par activité et la répartition des coûts, le temps est utilisé comme inducteur de l\u27activité, et sous le postulat que la capacité pratique ne peut être égale à la capacité théorique, la présente étude est développée. L\u27objectif de proposer une tarification au temps passé par activité (TDABC), pour une prestation de tomographie; Par le biais d\u27une étude inductive, descriptive, transversale, utilisant l\u27observation et l\u27analyse des données, l\u27étude a été réalisée en collaboration et en coordination avec le domaine financier et le personnel du domaine de la tomographie. Les résultats intègrent l\u27analyse des procédures et des sous-procédures, des activités et des comparaisons, ainsi que les résultats du chiffrage via le TDABC, comme c\u27est le cas d\u27un service dans lequel 38 minutes sont investies pour le traitement et l\u27attention, selon le TDABC., le coût du service serait de S/ 597,47.Através do sistema de custeio baseado no tempo investido por atividade e na alocação de custos, o tempo é utilizado como indutor da atividade, e sob a premissa de que a capacidade prática não pode ser igual à capacidade teórica, este estudo é desenvolvido, com o objetivo de propor um custeio baseado no tempo investido por atividade (TDABC), para o serviço de tomografia, da Clínica Adventista Ana Stahl; Através de um estudo indutivo, descritivo, transseccional, utilizando observação e análise de dados, o estudo foi realizado em colaboração e coordenação com a área financeira e o pessoal da secção de Imagens da Unidade de Análise. Os resultados reavaliam a importância da aplicação dos custos que correspondem a cada atividade, o que permitirá uma gestão adequada dos recursos financeiros, constituindo um contributo para as ciências contabilísticas.

Modulated-laser source induction system for remote detection of infrared emissions of high explosives using laser-induced thermal emission

In a homeland security setting, the ability to detect explosives at a distance is a top security priority. Consequently, the development of remote, noncontact detection systems continues to represent a path forward. In this vein, a remote detection system for excitation of infrared emissions using a CO2 laser for generating laser-induced thermal emission (LITE) is a possible solution. However, a LITE system using a CO2 laser has certain limitations, such as the requirement of careful alignment, interference by the CO2 signal during detection, and the power density loss due to the increase of the laser image at the sample plane with the detection distance. A remote chopped-laser induction system for LITE detection using a CO2 laser source coupled to a focusing telescope was built to solve some of these limitations. Samples of fixed surface concentration (500 μg∕cm2) of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) were used for the remote detection experiments at distances ranging between 4 and 8 m. This system was capable of thermally exciting and capturing the thermal emissions (TEs) at different times in a cyclic manner by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer coupled to a gold-coated reflection optics telescope (FTIR-GT). This was done using a wheel blocking the capture of TE by the FTIR-GT chopper while heating the sample with the CO2 laser. As the wheel moved, it blocked the CO2 laser and allowed the spectroscopic system to capture the TEs of RDX. Different periods (or frequencies) of wheel spin and FTIR-GT integration times were evaluated to find dependence with observation distance of the maximum intensity detection, minimum signal-to-noise ratio, CO2 laser spot size increase, and the induced temperature incremen

Mid-Infrared Laser Spectroscopy Applications I: Detection of Traces of High Explosives on Reflective and Matte Substrates

Mid-infrared (MIR) lasers have revolutionized infrared vibrational spectroscopy, converting an already dominant spectroscopic analysis technique into an even more powerful, easier to use, and quicker turn-around cadre of versatile spectroscopic tools. A selection of applications, revisited under the umbrella of MIR laser-based properties, very high brightness, collimated beams, polarized sources, highly monochromatic tunable sources, and coherent sources, is included. Applications discussed concern enhanced detection, discrimination, and quantification of high explosives (HEs). From reflectance measurements of chemical residues on highly reflective metallic substrates to reflectance measurements of HEs deposited on non-reflective, matte substrates is discussed. Coupling with multivariate analyses (MVA) techniques of Chemometrics allowed near trace detection of HEs, with sharp discrimination from highly MIR absorbing substrates

Mid-Infrared laser spectroscopy detection and quantification of explosives in soils using multivariate analysis and artificial intelligence

A tunable quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectrometer was used to develop methods for detecting and quantifying high explosives (HE) in soil based on multivariate analysis (MVA) and artificial intelligence (AI). For quantification, mixes of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) of concentrations from 0% to 20% w/w with soil samples were investigated. Three types of soils, bentonite, synthetic soil, and natural soil, were used. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model was generated for predicting DNT concentrations. To increase the selectivity, the model was trained and evaluated using additional analytes as interferences, including other HEs such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), and non-explosives such as benzoic acid and ibuprofen. For the detection experiments, mixes of different explosives with soils were used to implement two AI strategies. In the first strategy, the spectra of the samples were compared with spectra of soils stored in a database to identify the most similar soils based on QCL spectroscopy. Next, a preprocessing based on classical least squares (Pre-CLS) was applied to the spectra of soils selected from the database. The parameter obtained based on the sum of the weights of Pre-CLS was used to generate a simple binary discrimination model for distinguishing between contaminated and uncontaminated soils, achieving an accuracy of 0.877. In the second AI strategy, the same parameter was added to a principal component matrix obtained from spectral data of samples and used to generate multi-classification models based on different machine learning algorithms. A random forest model worked best with 0.996 accuracy and allowing to distinguish between soils contaminated with DNT, TNT, or RDX and uncontaminated soils

Mid-Infrared Laser Spectroscopy Applications in Process Analytical Technology: Cleaning Validation, Microorganisms, and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Formulations

Mid-infrared (MIR) lasers are very high-brightness energy sources that are replacing conventional thermal sources (globars) in many infrared spectroscopy (IRS) techniques. Although not all laser properties have been exploited in depth, properties such as collimation, polarization, high brightness, and very high resolution have contributed to recast IRS tools. Applications of MIR laser spectroscopy to process analytical technology (PAT) are numerous and important. As an example, a compact grazing angle probe mount has allowed coupling to a MIR quantum cascade laser (QCL), enabling reflectance-absorbance infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) measurements. This methodology, coupled to powerful multivariable analysis (MVA) routines of chemometrics and fast Fourier transform (FFT) preprocessing of the data resulted in very low limits of detection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and high explosives (HEs) reaching trace levels. This methodology can be used to measure concentrations of surface contaminants for validation of cleanliness of pharmaceutical and biotechnology processing batch reactors and other manufacturing vessels. Another application discussed concerns the enhanced detection of microorganisms that can be encountered in pharmaceutical and biotechnology plants as contaminants and that could also be used as weapons of mass destruction in biological warfare. In the last application discussed, the concentration of APIs in formulations was determined by MIR laser spectroscopy and was cross validated with high-performance liquid chromatography

La Catedra Rosarista y los consejos estudiantiles: una mirada transversal a la construcción de cultura cívica en la universidad del rosario

El presente trabajo de grado analiza el rol de la Cátedra Rosarista y de los consejos estudiantiles como espacios transversales de formación ciudadana, en la construcción de una cultura cívica en la Universidad del Rosario. De tal forma, a través de una metodología de análisis mixto que conjuga encuestas, observaciones participantes y grupos focales, se identifican los conocimientos, motivaciones, creencias y prácticas del accionar ciudadano de los estudiantes y se caracterizan las relaciones sociales en el micro sistema político universitario. Lo anterior, con el fin de tipificar y sistematizar los elementos que definen la cultura política de los estudiantes en la Universidad del Rosario.The following research analyses the role of ‘Cátedra Rosarista’ and student councils, as transvers spaces of citizen training, in the civic culture building at Rosario University. It identify, through a mixt analytical methodology, that combines surveys, participant observations and focus groups, the knowledge, motivations, thoughts and citizen practices of the students, and characterize the social relationships in the micro political system of the University. This, in order to typify and systematized elements that defines the political culture of the students at Rosario University

Frecuencia y caracterización de ambliopías en pacientes oftalmológicos de la Fundación Donum, Cuenca-Ecuador, Enero 2015 – Diciembre 2018

Objetivo general: determinar la frecuencia y características de la ambliopía en pacientes del área oftalmológica de la Fundación “DONUM” Enero 2015 – Diciembre 2018. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal basado en la revisión de los archivos digitales de todos los pacientes (190) con historias clínicas con diagnóstico de ambliopía que acudieron a consulta oftalmológica en la Fundación “DONUM”, evaluándose las variables edad, sexo, procedencia, ocupación, factores ambliogénicos, agudeza visual con corrección y sin corrección, defecto refractivo, lateralidad de la ambliopía, tipo de ambliopía y discapacidad visual; se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: la frecuencia de ambliopía fue de 1.18%, sin predilección por el sexo, más común en pacientes de 10 a 19 años, de la sierra y trabajadores; las agudezas visuales sin y con corrección más encontradas fueron 20/100 y 20/70, el astigmatismo fue el defecto refractivo más frecuente, el 82% presentaron ambliopía refractiva, el 53% fue unilateral, la miopía fue el factor ambliogénico más frecuente y el 62% tuvieron discapacidad visual indeterminada. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de ambliopía fue mínima pero acorde a la de la región, sin diferencias entre sexos, con predominio en pacientes de 10 a 19 años, serranos y trabajadores; predominó el tipo refractivo y unilateral; el defecto refractivo, factor ambliogénico y discapacidad visual más comunes fueron el astigmatismo, la miopía, y la indeterminada, respectivamente y; la agudeza visual sin y con corrección mejoró de 20/100 hasta 20/70.Course objective: determine the frequency and characteristics of amblyopia in patients of the ophthalmological area of the “DONUM” Foundation January 2015 - December 2018. Methodology: a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out based on the review of the digital files of all patients (190) with clinical histories with a diagnosis of amblyopia who attended an ophthalmological consultation at the “DONUM” Foundation, evaluating the age variables, sex, origin, occupation, amblyogenic factors, visual acuity with correction and without correction, refractive defect, laterality of amblyopia, type of amblyopia and visual impairment; descriptive statistical techniques were used. Results: the frequency of amblyopia was 1.18%, with no predilection for sex, more common in patients aged 10 to 19 years, from the mountains region and workers; the visual acuities without and with correction were 20/100 and 20/70, astigmatism was the most frequent refractive defect, 82% presented refractive amblyopia, 53% was unilateral, myopia was the most frequent amblyogenic factor and 62% had undetermined visual impairment. Conclusions: the frequency of amblyopia was minimal but according to that of the region, without differences between sexes, with a predominance in patients aged 10 to 19 years, highland people and workers; the refractive and unilateral type prevailed; the most common refractive defect, amblyogenic factor and visual impairment were astigmatism, myopia, and indeterminate, respectively and; visual acuity without and with correction improved from 20/100 to 20/70.MédicoCuenc

FloreSer Emocional - "Emotionally Responsible"

El presente documento es el proyecto aplicado de la maestría en Emprendimiento e Innovación de la Universidad del Rosario. FloreSer Emocional es una empresa que ofrece actividades de consultoría de gestión, apoyo a la educación y formación para el trabajo encaminadas a fortalecer el bienestar integral de comunidades educativas, corporativas, estatales, cooperativas y de diversa índole. El servicio con el que inicia la empresa es un programa de bienestar docente que busca ayudar a las instituciones educativas en Colombia a aumentar las habilidades socioemocionales de los docentes, permitiéndoles apoyar los nuevos retos de sus estudiantes con herramientas semi personalizadas, híbridas y medibles. La validación del interés del mercado por la idea de negocio muestra el potencial que tiene en Colombia y la viabilidad desde el punto de vista de costos. FloreSer Emocional se plantea como una solución que responde a las necesidades actuales del sector educativo con un potencial de crecimiento importante en la medida en que, puede ser replicado en otros países y sectores de la economía.This document is the applied project for the master’s degree in Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Universidad del Rosario. FloreSer Emocional is a company that offers management consulting, educational support, and job training activities to strengthen the integral well-being of educational, corporate, state, cooperative, and other communities. The service with which the company started is a teacher wellness program that seeks to help educational institutions in Colombia increase the socioemotional skills of teachers, allowing them to support the new challenges of their students with semi-customized, hybrid, and measurable tools. The validation of the market’s interest shows its potential in Colombia and its viability from the cost side. FloreSer Emocional is proposed as a solution that responds to the current needs of the education sector with significant growth potential as it can be replicated in other countries and sectors of the economy

Modelo de costeo basado en el tiempo invertido por actividad para servicios de tomografía: Un estudio de caso

La elección de un adecuado sistema de costeo es un elemento sustancial que podría determinar el éxito o fracaso de la organización; a través del sistema de costeo basado en el tiempo por actividad, y de la asignación de costos indirectos basados en el tiempo invertido por actividad, utilizando el tiempo como inductor de la actividad, y bajo la premisa de que la capacidad práctica no puede ser igual a la capacidad teórica, se desarrolla el presente estudio, con el objetivo de diseñar una propuesta de costeo basada en el tiempo invertido por actividad – TDABC, para un servicio de tomografía; a través de un estudio inductivo, descriptivo, de corte transeccional, utilizando la observación y el análisis de datos, el estudio se realizó en colaboración y coordinación con el área financiera y el personal del área de tomografía. Los resultados incorporan los análisis de procedimientos y sub procedimientos, actividades y comparaciones, así como los resultados del costeo a través del TDABC, como es el caso de un servicio en el que se invierte 38 minutos para su procesamiento y atención, de acuerdo al método TDABC, el costo del servicio sería de S/ 714.71.LIMAEscuela Profesional de ContabilidadCosto