A Very Special Place

Neil McNeil High School Celebrates 50 Year

Numerical comparison of thermal and kinetic modification of hydrogen and oxygen

This document describes a new modeling technique used to compare thermal and kinetic modification of hydrogen and oxygen gas. The thermal model uses an equilibrium thermodynamic analysis to determine the heat required for given mole fractions of molecular and dissociated products. A kinetic model is developed for a mono-energetic electron beam and a Maxwellian energy distribution. The kinetic model uses electron impact cross sections for excitation, dissociation, and ionization tabulated from available source data between 0-1000 eV. Cross sections are used to calculate forward reaction rates, electron penetration depths, and associated product concentrations for excited, dissociated, and ionized species. The preferred method of energy deposition must show faster rates of forward reaction and larger concentrations of products for lower energy requirements. Overall, thermal energy addition shows 50-90% dissociation in either gas but requires large amounts of energy (10⁷-10⁸ kJ/kg). Kinetic modification, for the range of electron energies tested between 0-1000 eV, shows no significant change in the gas composition. Kinetically produced concentrations of excited, dissociated, and ionized molecules have orders of magnitude between 10⁻¹⁷-10⁻¹⁴ mol/cm³ for the Maxwellian distribution and 10⁻¹⁹-10⁻¹⁴ mol/cm³ for the mono-energetic beam. Qualitatively, the Maxwellian distribution provides faster rates of excitation, while the mono-energetic distribution provides faster rates of dissociation and ionization. Kinetic simulations apply less energy than the thermal model (i.e. 1000 eV = 1.602x10⁻¹⁶ J) and are one-dimensional in nature. Future simulations must include higher energies above 1000 eV, their associated cross sections, and Monte Carlo techniques to quantify the expected advantage of kinetic energy addition over thermal energy addition --Abstract, page iii

Soil investigations: composition of calcareous and non-calcareous soils (with special reference to phosphorus supply)

Caption title.Mode of access: Internet

Barnyard manure: production, composition, conservation, reinforcement and value

Cover title.Mode of access: Internet

Black Family Forest Owners in the Southeastern United States: A Case Study in Six Counties

The USDA Forest Service, National Woodland Owner Survey asks family forest owners (FFOs) about their attitudes and intentions regarding their forestland. Historically, the number of responses from Black or African American FFOs has been very low, but it is uncertain whether this is because of nonresponse bias or that there are relatively few Black FFOs. To get a better understanding of these FFOs and to test a method to increase response rates, an intensified survey effort was conducted in three southern states: Alabama, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Analyses indicate that Black FFOs have slightly different objectives, activities, and ownership structure for their forestland than their White counterparts, who have traditionally represented the majority of FFOs. Study Implications: By conducting an experiment to increase response rates from Black family forest owners to the National Woodland Owner Survey, we find traditional methodology is not effective. More importantly, we see this group has moderately different responses than their White counterparts. This has wide ranging implications for landowner assistance programs and other initiatives that have been designed on the premise that we are accurately capturing responses from all woodland owners

An Information-Theoretic Approach to the Cost-benefit Analysis of Visualization in Virtual Environments

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Visualization and virtual environments (VEs) have been two interconnected parallel strands in visual computing for decades. Some VEs have been purposely developed for visualization applications, while many visualization applications are exemplary showcases in general-purpose VEs. Because of the development and operation costs of VEs, the majority of visualization applications in practice have yet to benefit from the capacity of VEs. In this paper, we examine this status quo from an information-theoretic perspective. Our objectives are to conduct cost-benefit analysis on typical VE systems (including augmented and mixed reality, theatre-based systems, and large powerwalls), to explain why some visualization applications benefit more from VEs than others, and to sketch out pathways for the future development of visualization applications in VEs. We support our theoretical propositions and analysis using theories and discoveries in the literature of cognitive sciences and the practical evidence reported in the literatures of visualization and VEs

Hydrologic outputs from woodland, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems in relation to grazing management strategies : an annotated bibliography

Published September 1981. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Poisoning substances taken by young people: a population-based cohort study

Background: Globally, poisonings account for most medically-attended self-harm. Recent data on poisoning substances are lacking, but needed to inform self-harm prevention. Aim: To assess poisoning substance patterns and trends among 10-24 year olds across England from 1998-2014. Design and Setting: Open cohort study of 1,736,527 young people using linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics mortality data. Method: Poisoning substances were identified by ICD-10 or Read codes. Incidence rates and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were calculated for poisoning substances by age, sex, index of multiple deprivation and year. Results: 40,333 poisoning episodes were identified, with 58% specifying the substances involved. The most common substances were paracetamol (39.8%), alcohol (32.7%), NSAIDs (11.6%), antidepressants (10.2%) and opioids (7.6%). Poisoning rates were highest at ages 16-18 for females, 19-24 for males. Opioid poisonings increased 5-fold from 1998-2014 (females: aIRR 5.30, 95%CI 4.08-6.89; males: 5.11, 95%CI 3.37-7.76), antidepressant poisonings 3 to 4-fold (females: aIRR 3.91, 3.18-4.80, males: 2.70, 2.04-3.58), aspirin/NSAID poisonings 3-fold (females: aIRR 2.84, 2.40-3.36, males: 2.76, 2.05-3.72) and paracetamol poisonings 3-fold in females (aIRR 2.87, 2.58-3.20). Across all substances poisoning incidence was higher in more disadvantaged groups, with the strongest gradient for opioid poisonings among males (aIRR 3.46, 2.24-5.36). Conclusion: It is important that GPs raise awareness with families of the substances young people use to self-harm, especially the common use of over-the-counter medications. Quantities of medication prescribed to young people at risk of self-harm and their families should be limited, particularly analgesics and antidepressants