17 research outputs found

    Factores que inciden en la deserción escolar de los estudiantes del III Ciclo “A” de educación secundaria de Jóvenes y Adultos, Departamento de Masaya, Municipio de Tisma comunidad Montañita N° 1, durante el segundo semestre 2020

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    Esta investigación se ubica en el área de Educación de adultos por lo que está basado en analizar los factores que inciden en la deserción escolar de los estudiantes del III ciclo “A” de Educación secundaria de jóvenes y Adultos, en el Departamento de Masaya, Municipio de Tisma. En cuant a su diseño metodológico se hace mención que el enfoque filosófico cualitativo, según su alcance descriptivo e interpretativo porque narran los hechos y acontecimientos que ocurrieron en el círculo de estudios de III ciclo “A” de secundaria EDJA, en el que se recaban datos y se confronta la teoría, el tiempo de realización es transversal ya que se realizó en el segundo semestre del año 2020. Para la recolección de la información se utilizaron técnicas como la entrevista y observación. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: guía de entrevista al técnico departamental, guía de entrevista al maestro popular y entrevista a los estudiantes lo que nos permitieron constatar que existen muchos factores que inciden en la deserción escolar en este círculo de estudio. Dentro de las principales conclusiones del estudio fue que los factores que están influyendo en la deserción escolar son económicos, falta de apoyo de la familia, salud, trabajo, baja autoestima y el desinterés de los estudiantes en superarse. En cuanto a las recomendaciones se orienta lo siguiente, proceso de visitas casa a casa y motivación constante a los estudiantes que presenten mayor inasistencia, Ofertas académica con orientación técnica ocupacional, garantizar medios didácticos a los estudiantes, encuentros de reforzamientos y compartimiento social. Palabras claves: Deserción, Factores, círculos, ciclo, Programa, Educación Básica y Adulto

    Genetic diversity analysis of common beans based on molecular markers

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    A core collection of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), representing genetic diversity in the entire Mexican holding, is kept at the INIFAP (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias, Mexico) Germplasm Bank. After evaluation, the genetic structure of this collection (200 accessions) was compared with that of landraces from the states of Oaxaca, Chiapas and Veracruz (10 genotypes from each), as well as a further 10 cultivars, by means of four amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) +3/+3 primer combinations and seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci, in order to define genetic diversity, variability and mutual relationships. Data underwent cluster (UPGMA) and molecular variance (AMOVA) analyses. AFLP analysis produced 530 bands (88.5% polymorphic) while SSR primers amplified 174 alleles, all polymorphic (8.2 alleles per locus). AFLP indicated that the highest genetic diversity was to be found in ten commercial-seed classes from two major groups of accessions from Central Mexico and Chiapas, which seems to be an important center of diversity in the south. A third group included genotypes from Nueva Granada, Mesoamerica, Jalisco and Durango races. Here, SSR analysis indicated a reduced number of shared haplotypes among accessions, whereas the highest genetic components of AMOVA variation were found within accessions. Genetic diversity observed in the common-bean core collection represents an important sample of the total Phaseolus genetic variability at the main Germplasm Bank of INIFAP. Molecular marker strategies could contribute to a better understanding of the genetic structure of the core collection as well as to its improvement and validation

    RMM 10

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    Uso de residuos lignocelulósicos para optimizar la producción de inóculo y la formación de carpóforos del hongo comestible Lentinula boryana

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    Lignocellulosic wastes were evaluated for the production of spawn and carpophores of Lentinula boryana. Radial extension growth and biomass associated with the metabolic activity (MA) was estimated after 12 and 19 d of incubation with twelve strains and three types of spawn: Formula 1 (F1), Formula 2 (F2) and Formula 3 (F3). Mycelial diameter in Petri dishes at days 12 and 19 was greater in F1 formula. Colony diameters measured 61.9 to 74.8 mm and 71.8 to 90 mm, respectively. The highest MA values at 12 d of incubation were presented in F1, ranging from 10.1 to 46.76 μMol FDA min-1g-1 and at 19 d in F1 and F2, with 6.15 to 36.26 μMol FDA min-1g-1, for both types of spawn. In order to identify residues with potential for the fructification of this specie, the growth rate (Kr) in vitro was estimated on barley straw (S), straw-vineyard pruning (SV), straw-sugar cane bagasse (SC), straw-oak shavings (SO) and straw-teak shavings (ST). The highest mean Kr was observed in SO (2.64 mm d¹) and the lowest in ST (1.08 mm d-1). In the carpophore formation the parameters of biological efficiency (BE), production rate (PR) and yield (Y) were significantly affected by strain, substrate and their interactions. The substrate SV presented the highest BE (12.92%), PR (0.125%) and Y (3.642%) values.Se evaluaron diferentes residuos lignocelulósicos para la producción de inóculo y carpóforos de Lentinula boryana. El crecimiento micelial y biomasa asociada a la actividad metabólica (AM) se estimaron a los 12 y 19 d de incubación, con 12 cepas en tres tipos de inóculo: fórmula 1 (F1), fórmula 2 (F2) y fórmula 3 (F3). El diámetro del micelio en caja Petri a los 12 y 19 d fue mayor en F1, con 61.9 a 74.8 mm y de 71.8 a 90 mm, respectivamente. La mayor AM a los 12 d de incubación se presentó en F1, fluctuando de 10.1 a 46.76 μMol FDA min-1g-1 y a los 19 d en F1 y F2, con 6.15 hasta 36.26 μMol FDA min-1g-1, para ambos tipos de inóculo. Con el objetivo de identificar residuos con potencial para la fructificación de esta especie, se estimó la tasa de crecimiento (Kr) in vitro en paja de cebada (P), paja-madera de vid (PV), paja-bagazo de caña (PC), paja-viruta de encino (PE) y paja-viruta de madera de teca (PT). En PE se observó la mayor Kr promedio (2.64 mm d¹) y la menor en PT (1.08 mm d-1). En la producción de carpóforos, los parámetros de eficiencia biológica (EB), tasa de producción (TP) y rendimiento (R) fueron significativamente afectados por la cepa, sustrato y sus interacciones. La mezcla PV presentó la mayor EB (12.92%), TP (0.125%) y R (3.642%)

    EVALUATION OF THE VIABILITY OF PLEUROTUS SPP. STRAINS AFTER LIQUID NITROGEN CRYOPRESERVATION

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    Viability of 6 mushroom strains of the Pleurotus genus (2 from P. djamor var. djamor, 1 from P. ostreatus var. ostreatus, 2 from P. ostreatus var. columbinus and 1 from P. pulmonarius) after liquid nitrogen cryopreservation (-196º) was evaluated. The contact time for the mycelia of these strains with the cryoprotectant (glycerol) was studied 1, 2 and 3 hours before freezing. We also tested the effect of different times (5, 10 and 15 minutes) and temperatures (30, 45 and 60ºC) of the thawing system for mycelial recovery. The results showed a marked tendency toward faster mycelial recovery when samples were thawed at 30ºC, while at 60ºC no recovery was observed. A change in thawing and contact times with the cryoprotectant did not affect the results significantly, as the thawing temperature and strain employed affected

    Quantitative changes in the biochemical composition of lignocellulosic residues during the vegetative growth of Lentinula edodes

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    The chemical changes in barley-straw (BS), wheat-straw (WS) and vineyard-pruning (VP) substrates were determined during colonization of Lentinula edodes mycelia (during primordium development) in solid state fermentation. Primordia appeared 39-50 days after inoculation. VP appeared to promote early sporophore initiation. The concentration of hemicellulose in BS and VP decreased gradually from 25.5% to 15.6% and from 15.8% to 12.3%, respectively. However in WS, hemicellulose decreased from 27.2% to 9.5%. Lignin broke down continuously in BS and WS, with 31.8% and 34.4% degradation, respectively; higher than that of cellulose. During the pinning stage, the C:N ratio decreased in VP and BS, but not in WS. On all substrates the phenols decreased notably throughout the first week of mycelial growth. The time elapsed (days) to pinning was positively correlated with cellulose content (r=0.89), total sugar (r=0.85) and inversely correlated to lignin (r=-1.00) and phenol content (r=-0.55)

    Crecimiento de tres hongos comestibles tropicales en medios de cultivo y residuos agrícolas

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    In order to preserve and properly manipulate the strains of native edible mushrooms of Tabasco, Mexico and identify agricultural waste that can be adopted as potential substrates for fruiting, during the years 2012 and 2013 was evaluated and characterized the mycelial growth in vitro of Auricularia fuscosuccinea, Oudemansiella canarii and Schizophyllum commune, in two culture mediums: potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA). Simultaneously, four agricultural substrates were used to evaluate mycelial growth in each waste, alone and in combination (1: 1): coir (Cocos nucifera), shells of cacao (Theobroma cacao), banana leaves (Musa paradisiaca) and sawdust from cedar (Cedrela odorata). Two incubation temperatures 26 and 30 °C were tested. A. fuscosuccinea and S. commune grew optimally in PDA at 26 °C (6.88 mm d-1) and 30 °C (9.12 mm d -1), respectively; while O.canarii was favored in MEA at 26 °C (9.14 mm d-1). Also, A.fuscosuccinea had the highest growth in banana leaves (6 mm d-1) and O.canarii coconut fiber and cocoa shell (5.98 mm d-1), which was statistically similar to the other substrates, except cedar sawdust. S. commune developed favourably in the coco-cacao combination (9.99 mm d-1), with no statistical difference with the other substrates except cedar sawdust. Is reported for the first time the use of such substrates to assess the development potential of these species, representing fungal resources of vital importance for the tropicsCon el objetivo de preservar y manipular adecuadamente cepas de hongos comestibles nativos de Tabasco, México e identificar residuos agrícolas que puedan ser adoptados como sustratos potenciales de fructificación, durante los años 2012 y 2013 se evaluó y caracterizó el crecimiento micelial in vitro de Auricularia fuscosuccinea, Oudemansiella canarii y Schizophyllum commune, en dos medios de cultivo: papa dextrosa agar (PDA) y extracto de malta agar (EMA). Simultáneamente, se utilizaron cuatro sustratos agrícolas para evaluar el crecimiento micelial en cada desecho, solo y en combinación (1:1): fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera), cáscaras de cacao (Theobroma cacao), hojas de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) y aserrín de cedro (Cedrela odorata). Se probaron dos temperaturas de incubación, 26 y 30 °C. A. fuscosuccinea y S. commune crecieron de manera óptima en PDA a 26 °C (6.88 mm d-1) y 30 ºC (9.12 mm d-1), respectivamente; mientras que O. canarii se favoreció en EMA a 26 ºC (9.14 mm d-1). Asimismo, A. fuscosuccinea obtuvo el mayor crecimiento en la hojas de plátano (6 mm d -1) y O. canarii en fibra de coco y cáscara de cacao (5.98 mm d-1), lo cual resultó ser estadísticamente similar al resto de los sustratos, excepto aserrín de cedro. S. commune se desarrolló favorable en la combinación coco-cacao (9.99mm d-1), sin diferencia estadística con los otros sustratos, excepto aserrín de cedro. Se reporta por primera vez el uso de dichos sustratos para evaluar el potencial de desarrollo de estas especies, mismas que representan recursos fúngicos de vital importancia para las zonas tropicales
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