La convivencia en los Centros Educativos de la Educación básica en Iberoamérica

El presente texto sigue con la tradición de reflejar las reflexiones y debates de los miembros de la RedAGE, en este caso, sobre la convivencia en los centros educativos en el período de 6 a 15 años, que corresponde en muchos países a la educación básica y obligatoria. Se aborda un tema fundamental, si consideramos, por una parte, que la existencia de ambientes escolares seguros y saludables es un prerrequisito para que los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje sean efectivos. Por otra parte, y más allá de los alarmismos existentes en algunos países sobre el deterioro de la disciplina en las escuelas, lo cierto es que muchos informes ratifican la percepción de la convivencia como algo positivo, aunque necesitada de mejoras. Los problemas de convivencia existen y se amplían con la presencia de los nuevos medios tecnológicos (el ciberbullying, el sexting, el ciberbaiting y el happy slapping, son claros ejemplos). Sería, al respecto, atrevido negar que existen problemas de convivencia y cabría asumir que los conflictos no siempre se resuelven de manera satisfactoria. Pero centrarse en algunos problemas que afectan a la relación entre estudiantes o entre estos y los profesores, es sólo ver una parte del problema (el que afecta a la disrupción en las aulas), cuando también hay relaciones entre profesores, con los equipos directivos o con el entorno que son más positiva

La organización y atención a la diversidad en Centros de Educación secundaria de Iberoamérica: Reflexiones y experiencias

Conseguir una escuela de calidad para todos y todas es un compromiso social y educativo al que nos hemos referido en diversas ocasiones, desde la conferencia de clausura del Congreso Internacional sobre Educación para la diversidad en el siglo XXI celebrado en Zaragoza durante la primera semana de julio del 2000. Allí señalaba que toda referencia a una escuela universal y de calidad nos obliga indefectiblemente a clarificar el sentido y significado que damos a la atención a la diversidad, a la vez que identificar la referencia que utilizamos al emplear la palabra calidad. Cuando hablamos de diversidad, nos aproximamos en lo esencial a algo ya “clásico” (atención a las diferentes personas), si bien ahora se actualiza el discurso con la incorporación de nuevos puntos de vista y se promueve como respuesta ante la amplitud de los cambios que están experimentando las sociedades y que también afectan a las personas. La preocupación por la diversidad viene pareja a la crisis de la uniformidad y, en lo social, al desarrollo de los procesos democráticos que imponen el respeto a la diferencia. Y se aplica a la naturaleza y a lo social enfatizando en las implicaciones y explicaciones que puedan darse desde perspectivas tan diversas como la política, la sociedad, la cultura, la educación u otras perspectivas. Precisamente, este carácter poliédrico de la diversidad y la dificultad de lograr un lenguaje unívoco es una de las dificultades que hay que abordar cuando se trata de confrontar planteamientos y de delimitar estadios en el proceso de descripción y concreción de los avances científicos y de las realizaciones prácticas, como puedan ser las medidas organizativas dirigidas a hacer posible su realidad

The Signal Sequence of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Contains an Immunodominant Cytotoxic T Cell Epitope That Is Restricted by both H-2Dband H-2KbMolecules

AbstractInfection of H-2bmice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) generates three well-characterized H-2Db-restricted immunodominant epitopes delineated in the NP, GP1, and GP2 proteins. Here we report that the H-2Db-restricted GP1 epitope GP33-41/43 (KAVYNFATC/GI) located in the signal sequence of LCMV is also the immunodominant epitope recognized by CTL at the surface of the same infected cells in the context of H-2Kbrestriction. The GP1 epitope bound to H-2Dband H-2Kbmolecules with comparable affinities. The respective binding processes involved different sets of peptide anchoring residues and required dramatically different conformations of the peptide backbone as well as rearrangement of residue side chains. The 10-mer peptide GP34-43 (AVYNFATCGI) was the optimal H-2Kb-binding sequence and the 8-mer peptide GP34-41 (AVYNFATC) the minimal sequence for optimal H-2Kb-restricted CTL recognition. Comparison of lytic activities of primary splenic anti-LCMV CTL from C57BL/6 (Db+/Kb+), B10A.[5R] (Db−/Kb+), and B10A.[2R] (Db+/Kb−) mice against LCMV-infected or peptide-coated target cells expressing either one or the two MHC alleles revealed that the H-2Kb-restricted component of the anti-GP1 CTL response was mounted independently of but as efficiently as its H-2Dbcounterpart. Analysis of the immune response against a GP1 variant that escapes CTL recognition showed that the GP1 epitope: (i) was likely the only immunodominant LCMV epitope in the context of H-2Kb, and (ii) could efficiently evade H-2Dband H-2Kb-restricted CTL mediated lysis

La gestión de la investigación en Educación Superior en Iberoamérica

La presente aportación revisa, al respecto, los aspectos de la gestión de la investigación en las universidades, focalizándose en los aspectos más institucionales y organizativos. Considera, por tanto, las prioridades políticas existentes, los marcos institucionales que las tratan de impulsar y los procesos organizativos y de gestión que las posibilitan. Subyace a este planteamiento el reconocimiento de la gestión como un proceso clave para el éxito de las políticas dedicadas a impulsar la investigación. Los 39 especialistas que participan aportan su visión, conformada desde su práctica como investigadores, miembros de distintas universidades y conocedores de los sistemas de promoción de la investigación en su contexto, sobre la realidad de la gestión de la investigación en doce países iberoamericanos. Y lo hacen desde un esquema común, que permite revisar aspectos relacionados con: a) el sistema de educación superior y la organización general de la investigación en el país correspondiente; b) la gestión de la investigación en las instituciones de educación superior; c) algunas experiencias significativas; y d) reflexiones, retos y propuestas para la mejora

The determination of mercury and its organo compounds by high performance liquid chromatography-atomic flourescence spectrometry.

A number of digestion procedures used for the preparation of soil and sediments samples for the determination of total mercury by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry were investigated. Satisfactory results were obtained from a closed microwave digestion procedure for which 0.5g of soil or sediment sample was taken and heated with 3 mL of nitric acid and 1 ml of hydrogen peroxide. After cooling down of the digest, 0.5 mL of potassium permanganate solution (60 g.L[-1]) was added and left to react for 30 min to 4 hours following the decomposition of the sample. The excess of potassium permanganate was then reduced with 0.5 mL of hydroxyammonium chloride (20 g.L[-1]). After optimisation, this procedure was applied to the analysis of 50 sediment samples.The accuracy of this method was confirmed by recoveries of total mercury in certified reference material (C74-05) containing 294 ng.g[-1] mercury and mean recoveries of 101.6 +/- 4.4 % were obtained.The second part of this work covered the speciation of organo mercury compounds in sediments by high performance liquid chromatography - atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Methyl mercury and mercury in standard solutions were successfully separated using a Cig loaded silica column. The resolution obtained using a Hypersil column (medium carbon load) was 67. Levels of methyl mercury as low as 2 ng.g[-1] were detected in aqueous solutions. Two types of extraction procedures were investigated for the determination of organo mercury compounds by HPLC-AFS. Acid leaching extraction procedure was the most promising of the two methods. For this procedure, 1 g of sample was taken and 10 mL of 6M HC1 was added, the sample was shaken for at least 15 min before being centrifuged. 5 mL of aliquot was treated and diluted in order to obtain a pH greater than 4. This procedure although allowing qualitative analysis did not allow quantitative determination of mercury and methyl mercury

Competencias para el ejercicio de la dirección de institutciones educativas: Reflexiones y experiencias en Iberoamérica

El presente texto es el resultado de las aportaciones al encuentro realizado por los miembros de la Red de Apoyo a la Gestión Educativa Hablamos de competencias y sobre competencias y con ello nos referimos a las características de la persona relacionadas con una actuación de éxito en su lugar de trabajo. Se identifican así con la activación y aplicación de manera coordinada de elementos de diferente naturaleza (cognoscitivos, afectivos y procedimentales) para resolver situaciones profesionales concretas

Measles Virus Recognizes Its Receptor, CD46, via Two Distinct Binding Domains within SCR1-2

AbstractMeasles virus (MV) enters cells by attachment of the viral hemagglutinin to the major cell surface receptor CD46 (membrane cofactor protein). CD46 is a transmembrane glycoprotein whose ectodomain is largely composed of four conserved modules called short consensus repeats (SCRs). We have previously shown that MV interacts with SCR1 and SCR2 of CD46. (M. Manchesteret al.(1995)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA92, 2303–2307) Here we report mapping the MV interaction with SCR1 and SCR2 of CD46 using a combination of peptide inhibition and mutagenesis studies. By testing a series of overlapping peptides corresponding to the 126 amino acid SCR1-2 region for inhibition of MV infection, two domains were identified that interacted with MV. One domain was found within SCR1 (amino acids 37–56) and another within SCR2 (amino acids 85–104). These results were confirmed by constructing chimeras with complementary regions from structurally similar, but non-MV-binding, SCRs of decay accelerating factor (DAF; CD55). These results indicate that MV contacts at least two distinct sites within SCR1-2

The chromosome-scale genome assembly of the yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii provides insights into the melanic pigmentation of anemonefish

Anemonefish are an emerging group of model organisms for studying genetic, ecological, evolutionary, and developmental traits of coral reef fish. The yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii possesses species-specific characteristics such as inter-species co-habitation, high intra-species color variation, no anemone specificity, and a broad geographic distribution, that can increase our understanding of anemonefish evolutionary history, behavioral strategies, fish-anemone symbiosis, and color pattern evolution. Despite its position as an emerging model species, the genome of A. clarkii is yet to be published. Using PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C chromatin capture technology, we generated a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly initially comprised of 1, 840 contigs with an N50 of 1, 203, 211 bp. These contigs were successfully anchored into 24 chromosomes of 843, 582, 782 bp and annotated with 25, 050 protein-coding genes encompassing 97.0% of conserved actinopterygian genes, making the quality and completeness of this genome the highest among all published anemonefish genomes to date. Transcriptomic analysis identified tissue-specific gene expression patterns, with the brain and optic lobe having the largest number of expressed genes. Further analyses revealed higher copy numbers of erbb3b (a gene involved in melanocyte development) in A. clarkii compared with other anemonefish, thus suggesting a possible link between erbb3b and the natural melanism polymorphism observed in A. clarkii. The publication of this high-quality genome, along with A. clarkii's many unique traits, position this species as an ideal model organism for addressing scientific questions across a range of disciplines

A Production Calendar Based on Water Temperature, Spat Size, and Husbandry Practices Reduce OsHV-1 μvar Impact on Cultured Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas in the Ebro Delta (Catalonia), Mediterranean Coast of Spain

Since 2006, the production of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in the Ebro Delta area has dramatically declined from around 800 metric tons (MT) per year to 138 MT in 2011. This decline in production has had a significant socio-economic impact in a region where the shellfish sector is a traditional economic activity for many families. The identified agent responsible for this reduction in C. gigas production was Ostreid Herpesvirus microvar (OsHV-1 μvar), which has been associated with C. gigas spat mortalities in France, and in many other countries. In Spain the episodes of mortality became critical for the regional shellfish production between 2008 until 2014, with mortality percentage up to 100%. In this study, local hatchery C. gigas spat was used as sentinel animals for epidemiological studies and management tests carried out with the aim of reducing oyster mortality in the Ebro Delta area. A production calendar mainly based on water temperature dynamics was designed around an optimal schedule for spat immersion. The mmersion calendar included two optimal periods for spat immersion, in summer when temperatures are ≥25◦C and at the end of autumn and beginning of winter when they are ≤13◦C. Such production planning has reduced mortalities from 80% (in 2014 and previous years) to 2–7.5% in 2015 in cemented oysters. Furthermore, other recommendations related to spat immersion size, culture density and methodology, and cementing calendar, which helped to achieve the results presented, were also recorded and transferred to local producers. This work presents a successfully tested management strategy reducing OsHV-1 μvar impact by designing new field management practices mainly focused on the handling and timing of spat immersion. This approach could be used as a management model in areas presenting similar production practices and environmental characteristics.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Epidemiology and trends in non-fatal self-harm in three centres in England, 2000–2012: findings from the Multicentre Study of Self-Harm in England

Objectives: Self-harm is a major health problem in many countries, with potential adverse outcomes including suicide and other causes of premature death. It is important to monitor national trends in this behaviour. We examined trends in non-fatal self-harm and its management in England during the 13-year period, 2000–2012. Design and setting: This observational study was undertaken in the three centres of the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England. Information on all episodes of self-harm by individuals aged 15 years and over presenting to five general hospitals in three cities (Oxford, Manchester and Derby) was collected through face-to-face assessment or scrutiny of emergency department electronic databases. We used negative binomial regression models to assess trends in rates of self-harm and logistic regression models for binary outcomes (eg, assessed vs non-assessed patients). Participants: During 2000–2012, there were 84 378 self-harm episodes (58.6% by females), involving 47 048 persons. Results: Rates of self-harm declined in females (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.98; 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99, p<0.0001). In males, rates of self-harm declined until 2008 (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98, p<0.0001) and then increased (IRR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09, p=0.002). Rates of self-harm were strongly correlated with suicide rates in England in males (r=0.82, p=0.0006) and females (r=0.74, p=0.004). Over 75% of self-harm episodes were due to self-poisoning, mainly with analgesics (45.7%), antidepressants (24.7%) and benzodiazepines (13.8%). A substantial increase in self-injury occurred in the latter part of the study period. This was especially marked for self-cutting/stabbing and hanging/asphyxiation. Psychosocial assessment by specialist mental health staff occurred in 53.2% of episodes. Conclusions: Trends in rates of self-harm and suicide may be closely related; therefore, self-harm can be a useful mental health indicator. Despite national guidance, many patients still do not receive psychosocial assessment, especially those who self-injure