A diversity-based approach to requirements tracing in new product development.

Production models emerged in recent times have stressed the need to face complex production contexts, characterized in particular by the rise in internal and environmental variability. In this work, a stylization of some elements concerning analysis and design of new products is given, and in particular those that involve definition and transfer phases in the development of innovative goods, where change and variability in requirements along development process are often high. This analysis has a twofold goal: first, to supply a conceptual frame for the close examination of some dynamics of requirement's integration into an artifact's design, in order to give account of their variability along development cycle; on the other side, to propose an approach based on simple similarity metrics, to be applied to linguistic descriptions of artifacts in the early phases of development process, in order to identify components in an artifact that undergo larger variability and therefore are to be paid more attention in the subsequent phases of life cycle.

Coordination, Division of Labor, and Open Content Communities: Template Messages in Wiki-Based Collections

In this paper we investigate how in commons based peer production a large community of contributors coordinates its efforts towards the production of high quality open content. We carry out our empirical analysis at the level of articles and focus on the dynamics surrounding their production. That is, we focus on the continuous process of revision and update due to the spontaneous and largely uncoordinated sequence of contributions by a multiplicity of individuals. We argue that this loosely regulated process, according to which any user can make changes to any entry, while allowing highly creative contributions, has to come into terms with potential issues with respect to the quality and consistency of the output. In this respect, we focus on emergent, bottom up organizational practice arising within the Wikipedia community, namely the use of template messages, which seems to act as an effective and parsimonious coordination device in emphasizing quality concerns (in terms of accuracy, consistency, completeness, fragmentation, and so on) or in highlighting the existence of other particular issues which are to be addressed. We focus on the template "NPOV" which signals breaches on the fundamental policy of neutrality of Wikipedia articles and we show how and to what extent imposing such template on a page affects the production process and changes the nature and division of labor among participants. We find that intensity of editing increases immediately after the "NPOV" template appears. Moreover, articles that are treated most successfully, in the sense that "NPOV" disappears again relatively soon, are those articles which receive the attention of a limited group of editors. In this dimension at least the distribution of tasks in Wikipedia looks quite similar to what is know about the distribution in the FLOSS development process

Stochastic learning in co-ordination games : a simulation approach

In the presence of externalities, consumption behaviour depends on the solution of a co-ordination problem. In our paper we suggest a learning approach to the study of co-ordination in consumption contexts where agents adjust their choices on the basis of the reinforcement (payoff) they receive during the game. The results of simulations allowed us to distinguish the roles of different aspects of learning in enabling co-ordination within a population of agents. Our main results highlight: 1. the role played by the speed of learning in determining failures of the co-ordination process; 2. the effect of forgetting past experiences on the speed of the co-ordination process; 3. the role of experimentation in bringing the process of co-ordination into an efficient equilibrium

A nanophotonic laser on a graph

Conventional nano-photonic schemes minimise multiple scattering to realise a miniaturised version of beam-splitters, interferometers and optical cavities for light propagation and lasing. Here instead, we introduce a nanophotonic network built from multiple paths and interference, to control and enhance light-matter interaction via light localisation. The network is built from a mesh of subwavelength waveguides, and can sustain localised modes and mirror-less light trapping stemming from interference over hundreds of nodes. With optical gain, these modes can easily lase, reaching $\sim$100 pm linewidths. We introduce a graph solution to the Maxwell's equation which describes light on the network, and predicts lasing action. In this framework, the network optical modes can be designed via the network connectivity and topology, and lasing can be tailored and enhanced by the network shape. Nanophotonic networks pave the way for new laser device architectures, which can be used for sensitive biosensing and on-chip optical information processing

Wikibugs: the practice of template messages in open content collections.

In the paper we investigate an organizational practice meant to increase the quality of commons-based peer production: the use of template messages in wiki collections to highlight editorial bugs and call for intervention. In the context of SimpleWiki, an online encyclopedia of the Wikipedia family, we focus on {complex}, a template which is used to flag articles disregarding the overall goals of simplicity and readability. We characterize how this template is placed on and removed from articles and we use survival analysis to study the emergence and successful treatment of these bugs in the collection.commons based peer production; wikipedia; wiki; survival analysis; quality; bug fixing; template messages; coordination

Was kostet das Bio-Ei?

In der ökologischen Legehennenhaltung sind sowohl stationäre als auch mobile Haltungssysteme beliebt. Für Neueinsteiger in diesem Bereich bietet KTBL in seiner Online-Anwendung "Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechner Tier" Planungsdaten zu den Kosten pro Ei für verschiedene Systeme an. Leider sind nicht alle Daten dort aktuell oder es fehlen sogar einige neue Stallsysteme komplett in dieser Datenbank. Ziel dieses Workshops ist es, den Informationsbedarf von Neueinsteigern in der Legehennenhaltung zu ermitteln und einen Überblick über das Thema auf einen Blick zu geben und die Bedeutung der wirtschaftlichen Perspektiven zu diesem Thema hervorzuheben. Darauf aufbauend können Datenlücken identifiziert und der konkrete Forschungsbedarf diskutiert und formuliert werden

Exame médico admissional e demissional

TCC (especialização). Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Associação Catarinense de Medicina. Curso de Especialização em Medicina do TrabalhoO presente trabalho objetivou descrever de forma analítica, o perfil dos exames médicos admissionais e demissionais, incluindo em seu escopo, desde as características da ficha médica do exame admissional, até o exame médico em distintas categorias, tais como: mulheres, menores e subnormais. Baseando-se no método analítico-descritivo, a presente monografia coletou informações através de fontes secundárias, referentes às publicações (livros) que versavam sobre a medicina do trabalho no Brasil. No primeiro capítulo foi feita uma descrição pormenorizada dos exames médicos admissionais, incluindo a ficha médica, o fluxograma de admissão, os exames subsidiários, o exame clínico e as provas funcionais. Na seqüência, procedeu-se à descrição dos exames admissionais dos subnormais, incluindo desde a conceituação de subnormalidade até o exame clínico dos subnormais. Após isto, deu-se a descrição das peculiaridades do exame admissional de menores e de mulheres, incluindo desde os exames laboratoriais até as provas funcionais. Por último, foram analisados os exames demissionais, os exames de retorno ao trabalho e os exames para transferência de função, visando traduzir, da forma mais completa possível, o panorama teórico da questão dos exames médicos admissionais e demissionais no universo da medicina do trabalho como um todo

Nota introdutória ao núcleo temático - A educação na Europa do Sul: constrangimentos e desafios em tempos incertos

Portugal e Espanha partilham características comuns no plano dos processos de implantação e desenvolvimento dos respectivos sistemas educativos, defrontando-se atualmente com alguns dilemas decorrentes da aproximação tardia à modernidade educativa ocidental. A análise dos constrangimentos políticos, sociais e culturais que assolam as sociedades contemporâneas da Europa do Sul (com particular incidência nos países ibéricos) e dos consequentes desafios que se colocam à reconfiguração dos sistemas educativos constituiu o objetivo central que presidiu à organização da Iª Conferência Ibérica de Sociologia da Educação, realizada nos dias 9, 10 e 11 de Julho de 2015, na Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.Este núcleo temático integra cinco textos selecionados do conjunto de quase setenta originalmente entregues à Comissão Organizadora da conferência para publicação nas respectivas atas. A seleção dos cinco textos decorreu da articulação de alguns critérios: i) a inclusão de trabalhos que permitissem uma perspectiva abrangente sobre os países ibéricos ou sobre algumas das respectivas regiões, bem como realizados em ambos os países, por forma a favorecer o conhecimento e o confronto das respectivas realidades educativas; ii) a exclusão de relatos de trabalhos em curso, optando-se por textos suportados em pesquisas suficientemente consolidadas para permitir o esboço de conclusões (ainda que as mesmas possam assumir-se como provisórias); iii) a prioridade conferida às linhas temáticas mais destacadas na “call for papers” da conferência; iv) a solidez científica dos textos, designadamente no que respeita à clareza e pertinência dos objetivos, à adequação da metodologia da pesquisa adotada e à relevância da revisão de literatura e dos resultados alcançados.Associação Portuguesa de Sociologia, Federação Espanhola de Sociologia, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação em Educação da Universidade do Minho