La produzione e l'export di strumenti musicali in Italia: il ruolo delle piccole imprese artigiane

Analisi quantitativa della produzione italiana di strumenti musicali, con evidenziazione del ruolo dato dalla piccole imprese italiane, anche in. termini di export sui mercati ester

Observations sur un foyer de Trichinose humaine en Italie

Les auteurs font connaître l'existence d'un foyer de Trichinose humaine découvert, au mois de septembre 1975, dans la commune de Bagnolo in Piano, à proximité de Reggio Emilia. Quatre-vingt-neuf personnes furent atteintes sans qu'il y eut de décès. Après une vaste et rigoureuse enquête sur le terrain, dans les charcuteries et les boucheries, l’origine de la contamination semble pouvoir être attribuée à la consommation de viande d'un cheval provenant d’un pays d'Europe de l’Est ( Pologne ou Yougoslavie)

On the positive and negative affective responses to cocaine and their relation to drug self-administration in rats

RATIONALE: Acute cocaine administration produces an initial rewarding state followed by a dysphoric/anxiogenic “crash”. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether individual differences in the relative value of cocaine’s positive and negative effects would account for variations in subsequent drug self-administration. METHODS: The dual actions of cocaine were assessed using a conditioned place test (where animals formed preferences for environments paired with the immediate rewarding effects of 1.0 mg/kg i.v. cocaine or aversions of environments associated with the anxiogenic effects present 15 min post-injection) and a runway test (where animals developed approach-avoidance “retreat” behaviors about entering a goal-box associated with cocaine delivery). Ranked scores from these two tests were then correlated with each other and with the escalation in the operant responding of the same subjects observed over 10 days of 1- or 6-h/day access to i.v. (0.4 mg/inj) cocaine self-administration. RESULTS: a) larger place preferences were associated with faster runway start latencies (r(s)=−0.64), but not with retreat frequency or run times; b) larger place aversions predicted slower runway start times (r(s)=0.62) and increased run times (r(s)=0.65) and retreats (r(s)=0.62); c) response escalation was observed in both the 1-h and 6-h self-administration groups and was associated with increased CPPs (r(s)=0.58) but not CPAs, as well as with faster run times (r(s)=−0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Together, these data suggest that animals exhibiting a greater positive than negative response to acute (single daily injections of) cocaine are at the greatest risk for subsequent escalated cocaine self-administration, a presumed indicator of cocaine addiction