Innovation effects of tradable emission allowance schemes: the treatment of new entrants and shutdowns

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E.T. and innovation - science fiction or reality? An assessment of the impact of emissions trading on innovation

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Climate protection through tradable permits: The EU proposal for a CO2 emissions trading system in Europe

On 23 October 2001 the European Commission adopted a proposal for a directive for trade in greenhouse gas emissions. Following the US experience of emissions trading systems, this marks the first large-scale attempt to deploy this instrument of environmental policy in Europe. The proposal places European climate protection policy on a completely new footing. The prospects of its implementation have increased since the climate change conference in Marrakech. This paper introduces the draft directive and gives an initial economic appraisal. It concludes that the directive deliberately and wisely - limits the scope of the first trading phase starting 2005. Consequently, there is still considerable scope for increasing its efficiency (resulting from gains from trading) in later phases, namely by extending both the number of participants and the gases included. The number of participants in the first phase and the institutional arrangements, however, appear sufficient to enable a liquid, functioning market. In this respect, also the politically difficult decision to start with a compulsory system is to be welcomed. Important issues not yet sufficiently clarified include the concrete rules for defining the total permit quantity issued to participants by each Member State, and whether other economic sectors, which are to be treated by other policies and measures, will bear a comparable burden. Furthermore, the essential questions of primary allocation and treatment of newcomers which are in principle left up to Member States as well as the linkage of emissions trading with existing policies affecting the participating sectors must be solved before legal implementation is recommended. --

Das Handelssystem im europäischen CO2-Emissionsrechtemarkt: Vorschläge zur institutionellen Ausgestaltung in Deutschland

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Der neue CO2-Emissionshandel in der EU

Am 23. Oktober 2001 hat die Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften einen Richtlinienentwurf für einen Handel mit Treibhausgasemissionen vorgelegt. Nach den amerikanischen Erfahrungen mit Emissionshandelssystemen ist dies in Europa der erste groß angelegte Versuch, dieses umweltpolitische Instrument in der Praxis einzusetzen. Dieser Entwurf stellt die Klimaschutzpolitik in Europa auf eine vollkommen neue Grundlage. Nach der Klimakonferenz in Marrakesch sind die Chancen für die Umsetzung dieses Vorschlags gestiegen. Wie ist der Richtlinienentwurf aus ökonomischer Sicht zu beurteilen? --

The impact of foreign direct investment on the productivity of China’s automotive industry

• This study contributes to the existing literature by empirically investigating the effect of FDI inflows on the aggregate labour productivity of China's automotive industry. • A production function model is developed using a panel data set at sub-sector level. Two statistical models: pooled ordinary least squares model (POLS) and fixed effects model (FES) were used to estimate the influence of foreign direct investment on aggregate labour productivity in the industry

Impact of extramedullary disease in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation: A study from the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the EBMT

We investigated extramedullary disease in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and its impact on outcome following first line autologous stem cell transplantation. We identified 3744 adult myeloma patients who received upfront single (n = 3391) or tandem transplantation (n = 353) between 2005 and 2014 with available data on extramedullary in-volvement at diagnosis. The overall incidence of extramedullary disease was 18.2% (n = 682) and increased per year from 6.5% (2005) to 23.7% (2014). Paraskeletal involvement was found in 543 (14.5%) and extramedullary organ involvement in 139 (3.7%) while the majority of 3062 (81.8%) patients had no extramedullary disease. More patients with extramedul-lary organ involvement had multiple involved sites (>/=2;) (p < 0.001). In patients with single sites compared to patients without the disease, upfront transplantation resulted in at least similar 3-year progression-free survival (paraskeletal: p = 0.86, and extramedullary organ: p = 0.88). In single paraskeletal involvement, this translated less clearly into 3-year overall survival (p = 0.07) while single organ involvement was significantly worse (p = 0.001). Multiple organ sites were associated with worse outcome (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01). First line treatment with tandem compared with single transplantation resulted in similar survival in patients with extramedullary disease at diagnosis (p = 0.13, respectively)

Impact of extramedullary disease in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation: a study from the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the EBMT

We investigated extramedullary disease in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and its impact on outcome following first-line autologous stem cell transplantation. We identified 3744 adult myeloma patients who received up-front single (n=3391) or tandem transplantation (n=353) between 2005 and 2014 with available data on extramedullary involvement at diagnosis. The overall incidence of extramedullary disease was 18.2% (n=682) and increased per year from 6.5% (2005) to 23.7% (2014). Paraskeletal involvement was found in 543 (14.5%) and extramedullary organ involvement in 139 (3.7%). More patients with extramedullary organ involvement had multiple involved sites (>= 2; P<0.001). In a comparison of patients with single sites with patients without the disease, up-front transplantation resulted in at least similar 3-year progression-free survival (paraskeletal: P=0.86, and extramedullary organ: P=0.88). In single paraskeletal involvement, this translated less clearly into worse 3-year overall survival (P=0.07) while single organ involvement was significantly worse (P=0.001). Multiple organ sites were associated with worse outcome (P<0.001 and P=0.01). First-line treatment with tandem compared with single transplantation resulted in similar survival in patients with extramedullary disease at diagnosis (P=0.13 for both)