PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ROLE PLAYING BERBANTUAN MEDIA BONEKA TANGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK TEMA 5 PENGALAMANKU KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR

This study aims to apply the Role Playing Learning Model assisted by hand puppet media to improve the learning outcomes of class II students of MIS Al-Fitrah Oesapa for the 2021/2022 academic year. Based on the results of observations and interviews at MIS Al-fitrah Oesapa conducted with the homeroom teacher for class II, it was found that in the learning process the teacher had not found a learning model that could increase students' enthusiasm for learning. The purpose of education is not achieved optimally, and causes student learning outcomes not to reach the KKM, it can be seen from the results of observations with the homeroom teacher II, from 20 class students there are 9 students who have not reached the school KKM (KKM 60). The research was conducted in 2 cycles. Based on the results of the tests conducted in the first cycle, it was found that there were still many students who had not reached the KKM. Where Cycle I achieved completeness of 62% and cycle II achieved completeness of 100%. The implications of this study are 1) the application of a role playing learning model assisted by hand puppet medi

Analysis of Nutrition Care Chronic Renal Failure Patients with Health Technology Assessment

Declined in nutritional status of hospitalized Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients were due to nutrient intake inadequate which required special attention from the Hospital Nutrition Service Team. This study analyzed the nutritional service on hospitalized CRF patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung using Health Technology Assessment. The study was conducted in 2014. The study design mixed method with concurrent embedded strategies. The hospital management, nutritionist and hospitalized CRF patients were qualitative subjects, selected using purposive sampling. Quantitative subjects selected using total sampling were 25 patients. Food weighing were used to measure food waste. The nutritional services technology aspects especially nutritional care using PAGT has not been entirely done. Nutritional monitoring and evaluation have not been well programmed and scheduled. The collaboration of nutritional care team have not been optimal. The food service mechanism are quite good while its portions are standardized yet. According to patient\u27s point of view towards food service quality, the food have less variety and taste. Total of cost damage from food waste are Rp.18.099,00 in a year. The lack of technological and organizational aspects can reduce the food service quality. According to the patient, the lack of food service quality will increase the food waste and total cost damage

Tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and adenosine deaminase in tuberculous pleural effusion

AbstractTumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are powerful mediators with a key role in inflammation. This study was undertaken to study the presence of TNF and IL-1 in tuberculous effusion where there is marked inflammation and where examination of the pleural fluid may give information about the local inflammatory reaction. Adenosine deaminase activity (ADA, a marker of TB pleurisy) was also tested. Tumour necrosis factor, IL-1 and ADA levels were measured in the pleural fluid and serum of 97 patients; 33 with tuberculous effusion, 33 with malignant effusion, and 31 patients with benign non-tuberculous effusion. Pleural fluid TNF and ADA levels were higher in tuberculous (TB) patients than in patients with benign disorders or cancer (P<0·01). Serum TNF levels were also higher in TB patients than other benign (P<0·01) or malignant (P<0·05) effusions. There was a positive correlation between serum and pleural fluid values (r=0·998–0·999, P<0·001) although pleural fluid concentration was higher (P<0·001), possibly suggesting local production in the pleural cavity. Pleural fluid IL-1 levels were not raised in any patient group but there was a positive correlation between TNF and IL-1. In addition, a positive correlation was found between TNF and ADA levels, probably indicating some common production mechanism. Furthermore, ADA sensitivity in the diagnosis of tuberculous effusion was augmented by the combined use of TNF and ADA. The use of both these markers may prove useful in the differential diagnosis of TBC pleurisy

The Serendipitous XMM-Newton Cluster Athens Survey (SEXCLAS): Sample selection and the cluster log N - log S

In this paper we serendipitously identify X-ray cluster candidates using XMM-Newton archival observations complemented by 5-band optical photometric follow-up observations (r~23 mag) as part of the X-ray Identification (XID) programme. Our sample covers an area of ~2.1 sq. deg (15 XMM-Newton fields) and comprises a total of 21 (19 serendipitous + 2 target) extended X-ray sources to the limit f(0.5-2keV) ~ 6x10^{-15} cgs with a high probability (> 99.9%) of being extended on the XMM-Newton images. Of the 21 cluster candidates 7 are spectroscopically confirmed in the literature. Exploiting the optical data available for these fields we discover that 68% of the X-ray cluster candidates are associated with optical galaxy overdensities. We also attempt to constrain the redshifts of our cluster candidates using photometric methods. We thus construct the photometric redshift distribution of galaxies in the vicinity of each X-ray selected cluster candidate and search for statistically significant redshift peaks against that of the background distribution of field galaxies. Comparison of the photometric with spectroscopic redshift estimates for the confirmed clusters suggest that our simple method is robust out to z~0.5. For clusters at higher z, deeper optical data are required to estimate reliable photometric redshifts. Finally, using the sample of the 19 serendipitous X-ray selected cluster candidates we estimate their surface density down to f(0.5-2keV) ~ 6x10^{-15} cgs and find it to be in fair agreement with previous and recent studies.Comment: Submitted to the MNRAS, 8 page