Russian muslim lifestyle renovation problems in the modernistic literature of the late 19^th and early 20^th century

© The authors. The relevance of the research problem is due to the active processes of political, social and cultural revival taking place in modern Muslim community.The objective of the article is to study the attempts made with the view of theoretical understanding of modernization of Russian Muslims in modernist literature (the second half of the XIXth - the beginning of the XXth centuries). A leading approach to the study of this problem is the civilized approach ; it allowed to consider the Muslims of Russia to be a part of pan-Islamic civilization and regard the transformation of their lifestyle in the context of general processes of modernization of the Muslim world. On the basis of studying the works of the reformatory, educational, national liberation movements' representatives the author came to the conclusion that the Jadid literature was assessed contradictorily: the modernistic discourse was combined with devotion to traditions. In the early 20th century the religious reformatory and educational problematic was becoming secondary at the same time was giving the ground to the social and political problems. The prerevolutionary literature laid the foundation for the scientific traditions of studying the Muslim modernism processes. This article submissions can be useful for elaboration of training courses on Islamic history, Muslim peoples, the history of the Tatar people, as well as the history of culture and social thought of the peoples of Russia

«Muslim matter» in the mirror of public discussion (XIX - beginning of XX century)

The relevance of the studied problem is determined by the socio-political processes that have embraced the modern Islamic world, connected with the substantial politicization of the Muslim community, religious revival movements and the spread of radical currents. The paper is aimed at studying the public debate in Russia (XIX-early XX century) regarding the future of domestic Muslims. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the concept that modernization attempts in Russia had compensatory nature and were aimed at strengthening the imperial system. Based on the study of the works by the experts of the "Muslim matter”, the authors came to the conclusion that the public discussion arrived at a view that it is necessary to strengthen the spiritual and cultural assimilation of foreigners on the ways of activating both administrative and cultural methods. Reliability of the results of the study is determined by the authors' appeal to a representative sample and analysis of the works by Russian scientists and publicists, who most clearly reflected the position of their socio-political group regarding the future of the Muslim community in Russia. Along with the opinions of academic orientalists and Islamologists, the views of representatives of the scientific missionary circles, Muslim modernists, revolutionary democrats, etc. are presented. The materials of the paper can be useful for further development of scientific problems on the history of Islam and Muslim peoples, as well as the history of culture and public thought of the peoples of Russia.Keywords: history, social studies, Islamic studies, Russian empire, "Muslim matter", publicdiscussion

Cost of human capital estimation and management in medical organization

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The purpose of this research is the analysis and improvement of technology of human capital cost management for maintaining efficient personnel policy in a modern organization. The study offers researchers method of assessment and management of investments in human capital. This method involves structure of cost behavior during formation and development of human capital, change history of investment risks on each stage of business career, modeling of volume of investments on various degrees of their riskiness, mathematical analysis and forecasting profitability of investments in human capital, development of recommendations on human capital cost management. Furthermore, it determines investment appeal of human capital development. The real method is assayed on the materials of a project on human capital development in "KORL" JSC. To maintain human capital cost management we offer systematic monitoring of its current value and change on the basis of the offered optimizing models, following the investment approach for personnel decision making, personalization in accounting the investments in human capital and its profitability

Activities of the Chairman of the Bashkir Central Executive Committee Musa Murtazin to Save the Population from Famine in 1921–1922

The article is devoted to the tragic history of the Russian famine of 1921-1922, which influenced the demography of the country. The paper examines the scale of famine in Bashkortostan, its geographical distribution and consequences. Particular attention is paid to the fight of state structures against hunger. An overview of the measures taken to save the population during the leadership of Bashkortostan by MusaMurtazinis presented. The main problems of hunger and its impact on the demography of the country as a whole are also highlighted. The scale, causes, and consequences of the famine of 1921-1922 are studied in more detail. Based on the sources, the article proves the large scale of this event and its impact on the development of the country and the growth of the population. The research also considers the volume of state aid to the population, measures taken to save children and adults during the leadership of M.L. Murtazin’s Bashkir.Статья посвященатрагической истории голода 1921–1922 гг., которая повлияла на демографию страны. Автор рассматривает масштабы голода на территории Башкортостана, его географическое распространение, проводит анализ о последствиях. Большое внимание уделено борьбе государственных структур с голодом. Сделан обзор принятых мер для спасения населения во время руководства Башкортостаном М. Л. Муртазина. Также выделены основные проблемы голода и его влияние на демографию страны в целом. Более детально указаны масштабы, причины, последствия голода 1921–1922 гг. На основе источников в статье доказывается большой масштаб данного события и его влияние на развитие страны и рост количества населения. Также автором рассмотрен объём государственной помощи населению, меры, принятые для спасения детей и взрослых во время руководства БашЦИКом М. Л. Муртазина

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF COMPANIES AS A TOOL OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT: АN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT ON EFFICIENCY

The economic crisis generated by the coronavirus pandemic has acted as an accelerator for the digital transformation of almost all economic entities, as a result of which it has become a massive phenomenon. However, this situation has shown that the practical development of digital transformation as a tool for business management in the digital economy requires its theoretical understanding, the formation of a theoretical basis and a scientific definition of the essence of digital transformation of companies. In particular, one of the key problems in the implementation of digital transformation at the present time is the assessment of its effectiveness, since in most cases it does not always end successfully. At the same time, knowledge of approaches and criteria for the effectiveness of digital transformation can improve the quality of its implementation. The purpose of the study is to study approaches to assessing the effectiveness of digital transformation, to determine its nature and essence at a theoretical level, as well as to conduct an econometric analysis of the contribution of digital transformation to achieving the company's efficiency.In the course of the study the existing approaches to defining the essence of digital transformation were studied, its key elements that make up the basis were established, and the existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of digital transformation of a company and its impact on business efficiency were studied. The absence of a unified approach to assessing the effectiveness of digital transformation and the main reasons for this problem have been established. Based on the results of the regression analysis of a sample of the largest companies of the pre-digital era, implementing digital transformation, the formulated hypothesis about the impact of digital transformation on the short-term performance of the company (profitability) was refuted, which allowed us to assume the strategic nature of this tool, the results of which are formed over a lag of time.When writing the article, various scientific research methods were used: deduction and induction when conducting empirical analysis of the activities of companies implementing digital transformation, analytical methods and regression analysis.The obtained results of the study contribute to the development of the theory of assessing the effectiveness of digital transformation of business, anti-crisis management and determine the directions for further theoretical developments

Analysis of eight polymorphic Alu elements in the teleuts population

Allele frequencies and genetic diversity in the population of Teleuts were assessed by the Alu repeat polymorphism at eight autosomal loci (ACE, APOA1, PLAT, F13, PV92, A25, CD4, D1). For comparison, the study included previously obtained data on the Alu polymorphism in 19 indigenous populations of Siberia. On the dendrogram of genetic distances, the Teleut population is located in the cluster of Siberian ethnic groups, which are similar in origin, geography, and cultural traditions

The influence of social support on risk of acute cardiovascular diseases in female population aged 25–64 in Russia

Objective. To study the prevalence of social support (SS) and its influence on the relative risk (RR) of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in the female population aged 25–64 in Russia. Materials and methods. Under the third screening of the WHO “MONICA-psychosocial” programme, a random representative sample of women aged 25–64 (n=870) were surveyed in Novosibirsk. SS was measured according to the methods of the Berkman–Sym test [indices of close contacts (ICC) and index of social network (SNI)]. From 1995 to 2010, women were followed for 16 years to observe the incidence of MI and stroke. Results. The prevalence of low levels of ICC and SNI in women aged 25–64 was 57.1 and 77.7%, respectively. Low levels of ICC and SNI were associated with poor self-rated health and awareness about their health, adverse behavioural habits, high job strain and family stress. Rates of MI and stroke development were higher in married women with low ICC and SNI who were being in class “hard manual work”. Over a 16-year study period, the RR of MI in women with low ICC compared to those with high ICC was 4.9 times higher, and the risk of stroke was 4.1 times higher. Low level of SNI increased MI risk in 2.9 times, risk of stroke in 2.7 times. Conclusions. Majority of women aged 25–64 years in Russia have low social support which is associated with poor self-rated health, low awareness about the health that increases the risk of MI and stroke in 2.7–4.9 times in groups of “married” and “hard physical work”

The influence of depression on risk development of acute cardiovascular diseases in the female population aged 25–64 in Russia

Background. Recent studies showed that depression was an independent predictor of mortality from cardio-vascular disease in healthy women. Objective. To explore the effect of depression (D) on relative risk (RR) of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke for 16 years (1995–2010) in the female population aged 25–64 years from Novosibirsk, Russia. Materials and methods. Under the third screening of the WHO “MONICA-psychosocial” (MOPSY) programme, a cohort of women aged 25–64 years (N=560) was surveyed. Women were followed for 16 years for the incidence of MI and stroke (1995–2010). D was measured at the baseline examination by means of test “MOPSY”. Participants having stroke, MI, arterial hypertension, coronary artery diseases and diabetes in their medical history at the baseline were excluded from this analysis. Results. The prevalence of D in women aged 25–64 years was 55.2%. With the growth of D levels, positive self-rated health reduced and almost 100% of those women have complaints about their health, but considered the care of their health insufficient. Women with major D significantly extended negative behavioural habits: smoking and unsuccessful attempts to give up, low physical activity, and less likely to follow a diet (healthy food). Major D associated with high job strain and family stress. Relative risk (RR) of MI development in women with D during 16 years of study was higher in 2.53 cases (p<0.05) and risk of stroke was higher in 4.63 cases (p<0.05). Conclusions. The prevalence of D in women aged 25–64 years was >50%. Women with D had a 2.53-fold risk of MI and 4.63-fold risk of stroke during the 16 years of follow-up