Das Verbot. Ein empirischer Befund aus psychoanalytischer,\ud entwicklungspsychologischer und evolutionstheoretischer Sicht

Die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie mit einjährigen Zwillingen und deren Bezugspersonen lassen darauf schließen, daß Verbote individuelles Verhalten direkt und nachhaltig beeinflussen. Das Verbot wird dadurch als wesentliches Element der Sozialisation empirisch belegt. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die individuelle und gesellschaftliche Bedeutung des Ver­bots aus psychoanalytischer, entwicklungspsychologischer und evolutions­theoretischer Sicht zu analysieren. Die Verinnerlichung von Verboten als wichtige Grundlage der Ausbildung von Ich und Über-Ich sowie von da­durch gesteuertem sozialen Verhalten, das in wesentlichen Bereichen un­bewußt organisiert ist, wird diskutiert

Bericht zur wissenschaftlichen und technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit Österreichs 2021

Der vorliegende Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse der Analyse der Zielsetzungen der FTI-Strategie 2030 sowie der Analyse der aktuellen Stärken und Schwächen des österreichischen FTI-Systems im internationalen Vergleich zusammen. Das österreichische FTI-System weist im internationalen Vergleich eine seit Jahren stabil bleibende, jedoch durchwachsene Performance mit einigen Stärken und deutlichen Schwächen gleichermaßen auf. Die Herausforderungen für die FTI-Politik sind daher weiterhin groß – sowohl bei den Rahmenbedingungen für FTI, im FTI-Kernsystem sowie bei der Effizienz und Effektivität von FTI-Aktivitäten

Measuring National Innovation Performance: The Case of Austria

In diesem Kapitel wird der Rahmen skizziert, den der Rat für Forschung und Technologieentwicklung - das zentrale Beratungsgremium der österreichischen Bundesregierung für bildungs-, wissenschafts-, forschungs- und innovationspolitische Angelegenheiten - zur Messung und Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit des nationalen Innovationssystems Österreichs im internationalen Vergleich anwendet. Ziel des Kapitels ist es, einen Überblick über die Entwicklung des Rahmens in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Österreichischen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung und in Abstimmung mit den zuständigen Ministerien zu geben. Weiters soll die Anwendung des Rahmens im Rahmen der jährlichen Gutachten des Rates zur wissenschaftlich-technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit Österreichs beschrieben werden

Selective engraftment of donor CD4+25high FOXP3-positive T cells in IPEX syndrome after nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

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New clinical score for disease activity at diagnosis in Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Background: The clinical presentation and course of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are variable, ranging from an isolated, spontaneously remitting bone lesion to multisystem disease with risk organ involvement. Treatment of LCH ranges from a wait-and-see attitude to intensive multidrug therapy and, in some cases, bone marrow transplantation. It is necessary to develop an objective score for assessing disease activity in patients with LCH. We propose a new clinical scoring system to evaluate disease activity at diagnosis that can predict the clinical outcomes of LCH and correlate it with clinical courses. Methods: Clinical data, obtained from children diagnosed with LCH at Asan Medical Center and Hanyang University Hospital between March 1998 and February 2009, were studied retrospectively. The scoring system was developed according to the basic biological data, radiological findings, and physical findings and applied to a database containing information on 133 patients. Results: The median age of the 133 patients (74 male, 59 female) was 52 months (range, 0.6-178 months), and LCH was diagnosed based on CD1a positivity. At diagnosis, the score distributions were highly asymmetrical: the score was between 1 and 2 in 75.9% of cases, 3-6 in 15.8%, and greater than 6 in 8.3%. Initial scores above 6 were highly predictive of reactivation and late complications. Conclusion: This new LCH disease activity score provides an objective tool for assessing disease severity, both at diagnosis and during follow-up.This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (A080588-18)

Eligibility for allogeneic transplantation in very high risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the impact of the waiting time.

The advantage of allogeneic transplant from compatible related donors versus chemotherapy in children with very-high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission was previously demonstrated in an international prospective trial. This study quantified the impact of time elapsed in first remission in the same cohort. Of 357 pediatric patients with very-high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 259 received chemotherapy, 55 transplantation from compatible related and 43 from unrelated donors. The 5-year disease-free survival was 44.2% overall and 42.5% for chemotherapy only patients. The chemotherapy conditional 5-year disease-free survival increased to 44.4%, 47.6%, 51.7%, and 60.4% in patients who maintained their first remission for at least 3, 6, 9, and 12 months respectively. The overall outcome was superior to that obtained with chemotherapy-only at any time-point. The relative advantage of transplant from compatible related donors in very-high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia was consistent for any time elapsed in first remission

Therapy prolongation improves outcome in multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Key Points Reactivations of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (MS-LCH) are reduced by prolonging initial chemotherapy. The previously high mortality of high-risk (risk-organ–positive) MS-LCH in children has been markedly reduced

Detection of minimal residual disease identifies differences in treatment response between T-ALL and precursor B-ALL

We performed sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based minimal residual disease (MRD) analyses on bone marrow samples at 9 follow-up time points in 71 children with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and compared the results with the precursor B-lineage ALL (B-ALL) results (n = 210) of our previous study. At the first 5 follow-up time points, the frequency of MRD-positive patients and the MRD levels were higher in T-ALL than in precursor-B-ALL, reflecting the more frequent occurrence of resistant disease in T-ALL. Subsequently, patients were classified according to their MRD level at time point 1 (TP1), taken at the end of induction treatment (5 weeks), and at TP2 just before the start of consolidation treatment (3 months). Patients were considered at low risk if TP1 and TP2 were MRD negative and at high risk if MRD levels at TP1 and TP2 were 10(-3) or higher; remaining patients were considered at intermediate risk. The relative distribution of patients with T-ALL (n = 43) over the MRD-based risk groups differed significantly from that of precursor B-ALL (n = 109). Twenty-three percent of patients with T-ALL and 46% of patients with precursor B-ALL were classified in the low-risk group (P =.01) and had a 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate of 98% or greater. In contrast, 28% of patients with T-ALL were classified in the MRD-based high-risk group compared to only 11% of patients with precursor B-ALL (P =.02), and the RFS rates were 0% and 25%, respectively (P =.03). Not only was the distribution of patients with T-ALL different over the MRD-based risk groups, the prognostic value of MRD levels at TP1 and TP2 was higher in T-ALL (larger RFS gradient), and consistently higher RFS rates were found for MRD-negative T-ALL patients at the first 5 follow-up time points

Importance of allogeneic T-cells for disease control after stem cell transplantation for high-risk Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Reduced intensity conditioning followed by allogeneic SCT (RIC-SCT) has recently emerged as promising new salvage option for children suffering from Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) with risk organ involvement and failure to conventional therapy. We report on the posttransplant course of female toddler with high-risk LCH, who achieved complete remission after RIC-SCT, despite a posttransplant chimerism constellation, in which only the T-cell subset proved to be of donor origin in the long-term. We therefore suggest that allogeneic T-cells have played a crucial role in controlling disease activity in this patient and may exert the major curative effect after RIC-SCT for LCH