Bildungsideal und Computertechnologie aus der Sicht von AHS-Lehrern unter Berücksichtigung der Medientheorien von Werner Sesink und Norbert Meder

Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Fragestellung, ob bzw. inwiefern der Computer für das subjektive Verständnis von Bildung von Lehrern Bedeutung hat. In einem empirischen Teil der Arbeit werden 2 AHS-Lehrer und eine AHS-Lehrerin im Rahmen eines leitfadengestützten Interviews zu den Themen Bildungsideal im Allgemeinen, Einstellung zur Computertechnologie im Unterricht sowie einer möglichen Bedeutung des Computers für die persönlichen pädagogischen Ideale befragt. Die Interviews wurden transkripiert und mit der Methodik der objektiven Hermeneutik nach Oevermann interpretiert. Aus den erarbeiteten Fallfiguren und Typologien ergaben sich Übereinstimmungen bei allen Lehrern, jedoch auch Unterschiede, die möglicherweise auf einen unterschiedlichen Mediengebrauch zurückzuführen sind. Übereinstimmungen betrafen die Beschreibung des gebildeten Menschen sowie eine ablehnende Haltung gegenüber unreflektiertem Kopieren von Texten aus dem Internet durch die Schüler. Unterschiede fanden sich bei der Einstellung gegenüber der Ökonomie des Bildungsweges, Umgang mit Machtverhältnissen und Verantwortlichkeit sowie der optimalen Medienauswahl zur Förderung von Schulbildung. Eine Problematisierung und Diskussion der empirischen Ergebnisse erfolgt mit den Bildungstheoretikern Norbert Meder und Werner Sesink, die Bildungsideale im Rahmen der Entwicklung von Computertechnologie definieren

The Effect of a Fat-Restricted Diet in Four Patients with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

(1) Background: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severely elevated triglycerides and clinical symptoms in early childhood mainly presenting with abdominal pain, acute pancreatitis and hepatosplenomegaly. Primary treatment is a lifelong very strict low-fat diet, which might be challenging in pediatric patients. So far, data about children with FCS are rare. The aim of this study was to show the familial chylomicronemia syndrome traffic light table for pediatric patients and to assess the dietary fat intake and impact on triglycerides in children with FCS. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis in four children (50% male) affected by FCS from the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna between January 2002 and September 2020. (3) Results: The four patients presented with classical FCS symptoms and showed baseline triglycerides (TG) exceeding 30,000 mg/dL in two patients, 10,000 mg/dL and 2400 mg/dL in one patient each. After diagnosis, fat percentage of total daily caloric intake was decreased and resulted immediately in triglyceride reduction. In all patients, FCS was genetically confirmed by mutations in genes encoding lipoprotein lipase. Acute pancreatitis and hepatosplenomegaly disappeared under the fat-restricted diet. A FCS traffic light table was developed as a dietary tool for affected families. (4) Conclusions: A restriction of dietary fat between 10% to 26% of the total daily caloric intake was feasible and effective in the long-term treatment of genetically confirmed FCS in children and could reduce the risk for acute pancreatitis. The dietary tool, the pediatric FCS traffic light table and the age-appropriate portion sizes for patients between 1 to 18 years, supports children and their parents to achieve and adhere to the lifelong strict low-fat diet

BMC Pediatrics / Clinically relevant body composition methods for obese pediatric patients

Background There is no gold standard in body composition measurement in pediatric patients with obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if there are any differences between two bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques performed in children and adolescents with obesity. Methods Data were collected at the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine in Vienna from September 2015 to May 2017. Body composition measurement was performed with TANITA scale and BIA-BIACORPUS. Results In total, 38 children and adolescents (age: 1018years, BMI: 2554kg/m) were included. Boys had significantly increased fat free mass (TANITA p=0.019, BIA p=0.003), total body water (TANITA p=0.020, BIA p=0.005), and basal metabolic rate (TANITA p=0.002, BIA p=0.029). Girls had significantly increased body fat percentage with BIA (BIA p=0.001). No significant gender differences of core abdominal area have been determined. TANITA overestimated body fat percentage (p<0.001), fat mass (p=0.002), and basal metabolic rate (p<0.001) compared to BIA. TANITA underestimated fat free mass (p=0.002) in comparison to BIA. The Bland Altman plot demonstrated a low agreement between the body composition methods. Conclusions Low agreement between TANITA scale and BIA-BIACORPUS has been observed. Body composition measurement should always be performed by the same devices to obtain comparable results. At clinical routine due to its feasibility, safety, and efficiency, bioelectrical impedance analysis is appropriate for obese pediatric patients.(VLID)489645