Dental status, oral prosthesis and chewing ability in an adult and elderly population in southern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with inadequate chewing in an adult and elderly population of a city in the southern region of Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on a population home-based inquiry (DCH-POP) in southern Brazil. Individuals were interviewed by trained interviewers to create a standardized procedure. In a pilot study, the Questionnaire of Human Communication Disorders (DCH-POP) was created and validated to identify self-reported speech and language, swallowing and hearing disorders. The outcome was dichotomized into either having adequate chewing or not, as assessed by a series of questions about chewing ability. Analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were measured according to the studied variables. A Poisson regression was applied at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A total of 1,246 people were interviewed. Inadequate chewing was found in 52 (5.6%) individuals, with a higher prevalence in the elderly (11.8%) than in adults (5.2%). In the final model, the following factors were associated with inadequate chewing: being 61 years of age or older (prevalence ratio or PR=9.03; 95% CI: 1.20-67.91), loss of teeth and use of unadjusted prosthesis (PR=3.50; 95% CI: 1.54-7.95), preference for foods of soft consistency (PR=9.34; 95% CI:4.66-8.70) and difficulty in nasal breathing (PR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.31-6.06). CONCLUSION: Age, oral health status through dental prosthesis, preference for foods of soft consistency and difficulty breathing through the nose were factors associated with chewing inability in adults and the elderly

Dental status, oral prosthesis and chewing ability in an adult and elderly population in southern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with inadequate chewing in an adult and elderly population of a city in the southern region of Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on a population home-based inquiry (DCH-POP) in southern Brazil. Individuals were interviewed by trained interviewers to create a standardized procedure. In a pilot study, the Questionnaire of Human Communication Disorders (DCH-POP) was created and validated to identify selfreported speech and language, swallowing and hearing disorders. The outcome was dichotomized into either having adequate chewing or not, as assessed by a series of questions about chewing ability. Analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were measured according to the studied variables. A Poisson regression was applied at a significance level of 5% RESULTS: A total of 1,246 people were interviewed. Inadequate chewing was found in 52 (5.6%) individuals, with a higher prevalence in the elderly (11.8%) than in adults (5.2%). In the final model, the following factors were associated with inadequate chewing: being 61 years of age or older (prevalence ratio or PR=9.03; 95% CI: 1.20-67.91), loss of teeth and use of unadjusted prosthesis (PR=3.50; 95% CI: 1.54-7.95), preference for foods of soft consistency (PR=9.34; 95% CI:4.66-8.70) and difficulty in nasal breathing (PR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.31-6.06). CONCLUSION: Age, oral health status through dental prosthesis, preference for foods of soft consistency and difficulty breathing through the nose were factors associated with chewing inability in adults and the elderly

Assistência do enfermeiro no desenvolvimento de crianças com dieta vegetariana

A dieta vegetariana é aquela em que o indivíduo não consome nenhum tipo de carne animal, seja de forma pura ou seus derivados. O desenvolvimento infantil é baseado nos nutrientes que a criança ingere nesta fase da vida e a sua falta pode acarretar em prejuízos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Objetivo: apresentar o papel do enfermeiro no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento de crianças adeptas a dietas vegetarianas. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, com busca de dados nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), com as palavras chaves: vegetarianismo, enfermagem, nutrição infantil, desenvolvimento infantil, referentes ao recorte temporal 2012 a 2022. Resultados e Discussão: emergiram três categorias: Acompanhamento no pré-natal de gestantes vegetarianas; prevenção a deficiências nutricionais e atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor relacionado à dieta vegana e Acompanhamento do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor durante puericultura pelo enfermeiro da atenção básica. Conclusão: Um planejamento alimentar adequado e acompanhado assegura o suprimento de nutrientes necessários em cada idade, resultando em uma boa nutrição e desenvolvimento saudável ao longo da vida

Pathways that explain racial differences on edentulism among older adults : 2019 Brazil National Health Survey

This study aimed to evaluate the pathways that explain the association between race/skin color and edentulism in elderly Brazilians. This was a cross-sectional study using data from participants aged 60 years or older from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey, a nationally representative population-based sample. Data were obtained by a structured interview and participants were classified as edentulous if they reported having lost all natural teeth. Information on race, socioeconomic level, behavioral aspects, psychosocial aspects, and access to dental care was collected by interviewers using a questionnaire. The pathways between race/skin color and edentulism were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The final sample of the study included 22,357 participants. Most participants were white (51.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 50.3–52.6), and 36.8% (95%CI: 35.7–37.9) were edentulous. Race/skin color was indirectly associated with edentulism via enabling factors. These findings suggest that socioeconomic inequalities are key in explaining racial inequalities in edentulism among Brazilian older adults

Contextual and individual factors associated with dissatisfaction with dental care in Brazil

The scope of this study was to evaluate the influence of contextual and individual factors associated with dissatisfaction of users of the Unified Health System (SUS) with the care provided by dentists in Primary Health Care. It is a crosssectional and multilevel study, based on secondary data derived from a national basic research project to assess user satisfaction with the SUS. Data were collected by the Ombudsman’s Department of the SUS by telephone contact with a sample of 35,393 individuals from around the country. Contextual and individual variables were associated with dissatisfaction with the dental service provided by the SUS. For the analysis, Stata version 11.0 software was used together with multilevel random effects logistic regression. A total of 2,331 individuals from 61 municipalities were included in the final sample of satisfaction with the dental service. Only 43% of the participants reported that their claims had been resolved, and a seven times greater chance of dissatisfaction was perceived for those individuals who had unresolved demand in relation to those who resolved it. This research provides input that can subsidize the government in actions aimed at improving access and quality of care provided in dental care.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de fatores contextuais e individuais associados à insatisfação dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) com o atendimento prestado pelo cirurgião-dentista na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Estudo transversal multinível, fundamentado em dados advindos de uma pesquisa de base nacional para avaliação da satisfação dos usuários com o SUS. Os dados foram coletados pelo Departamento de Ouvidoria Geral do SUS por meio de contato telefônico de uma amostra de 35.393 indivíduos de todo o país. Variáveis contextuais e individuais foram associadas à insatisfação com o serviço odontológico prestado pelo SUS. Para as análises, foi utilizado o software Stata versão 11.0 e realizada uma regressão logística multinível de efeitos aleatórios. Um total de 2.331 indivíduos de 61 municípios foram incluídos na amostra final de satisfação com o serviço odontológico. Apenas 43% dos participantes relataram haver resolução de seus pedidos e percebeu-se uma chance sete vezes maior de insatisfação para aqueles indivíduos que tiveram demanda não resolvida em relação aos que a resolveram. A presente pesquisa traz elementos que podem subsidiar o governo em ações voltadas para a melhoria do acesso e qualidade do atendimento prestado na atenção odontológica

Classificação demográfica de pacientes paliativos em cuidados domiciliares de uma operadora de saúde da cidade de Cascavel Paraná

Introdução: Paliativismo é um conjunto de práticas assistenciais que trazem dignidade e diminuição do sofrimento para o enfermo. Cuidados continuados são ações promovidas por uma equipe multidisciplinar, que objetiva a melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente e seus familiares, diante de uma doença que ameace a vida, por meio da prevenção e alívio do sofrimento, da identificação precoce, avaliação e tratamento de dor e demais sintomas físicos, sociais, psicológicos e espirituais. O internamento domiciliar de pacientes paliativos vem se tornando cada vez mais frequente, a procura por conforto e proximidade dos familiares na hora da morte. Objetivo: apresentar os dados de pacientes submetidos aos cuidados paliativos em uma operadora de saúde a nível domiciliar e ambulatorial de um município de médio porte localizado na região Oeste do Paraná. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, exploratória descritiva de cunho quantitativo a respeito do funcionamento do fluxograma do programa de uma cooperativa médica no município de Cascavel no Paraná. Resultados e Discussão: Nota-se que mesmo com o alto número de spicts solicitados poucos pacientes adentram ao programa. Uma explicação para isso é a mitigação referente ao nome paliativo vinculado ao fim de vida sem assistência. Conclusão: Observar a importância dos cuidados paliativos com uma equipe multidisciplinar preparada para proporcionar qualidade, conforto e segurança aos pacientes e seus familiares à nível domiciliar. Apesar de ser um assunto que está em alta atualmente, ainda falta na literatura estudos específicos, visto que é de extrema importância os cuidados paliativos em todos os níveis de saúde

Pathways of socioeconomic inequalities in self-perceived oral health

Although there is a large body of evidence of the influence of social determinants on oral health, information on the mechanisms by which these determinants operate is poorly documented. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the pathways through which socioeconomic inequalities may influence self-perceived oral health (SPOH) in Brazilian adults. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health Survey (NHS) of 2019, with a representative sample of adults aged 18 to 59 years (n = 65,803). The outcome was SPOH, assessed by a global self-item. Structural equation modeling was used to test direct and indirect pathways connecting a latent variable for socioeconomic position (SEP) to SPOH via psychosocial, behavioral, and biological factors. Higher SEP was directly associated with better SPOH [standardized coefficient (SC) = 0.069; p < 0.01)] fewer depressive symptoms (SC = -0.059; p < 0.01), fewer missing teeth (SC = 0.131; p < 0.01), and more healthy behaviors (SC = 0.643; p < 0.01). Fewer depressive symptoms (SC = -0.141; p < 0.01), more healthy behaviors (SC = 0.242; p < 0.01), and fewer missing teeth (SC = 0.058; p < 0.01) were directly associated with good SPOH. Among specific indirect effects of SEP on SPOH, the behavioral pathway was the one that best explained this association (SC = 0.155). Socioeconomic inequities in SPOH are mediate by psychosocial, behavioral, and biological factors. This has implications for positioning health strategies in the social context in which people live, to facilitate healthy choices and promote good oral health

Dental status, oral prosthesis and chewing ability in an adult and elderly population in southern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with inadequate chewing in an adult and elderly population of a city in the southern region of Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on a population home-based inquiry (DCH-POP) in southern Brazil. Individuals were interviewed by trained interviewers to create a standardized procedure. In a pilot study, the Questionnaire of Human Communication Disorders (DCH-POP) was created and validated to identify selfreported speech and language, swallowing and hearing disorders. The outcome was dichotomized into either having adequate chewing or not, as assessed by a series of questions about chewing ability. Analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were measured according to the studied variables. A Poisson regression was applied at a significance level of 5% RESULTS: A total of 1,246 people were interviewed. Inadequate chewing was found in 52 (5.6%) individuals, with a higher prevalence in the elderly (11.8%) than in adults (5.2%). In the final model, the following factors were associated with inadequate chewing: being 61 years of age or older (prevalence ratio or PR=9.03; 95% CI: 1.20-67.91), loss of teeth and use of unadjusted prosthesis (PR=3.50; 95% CI: 1.54-7.95), preference for foods of soft consistency (PR=9.34; 95% CI:4.66-8.70) and difficulty in nasal breathing (PR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.31-6.06). CONCLUSION: Age, oral health status through dental prosthesis, preference for foods of soft consistency and difficulty breathing through the nose were factors associated with chewing inability in adults and the elderly

Oferta de fonoaudiologia e atenção primária em saúde no Brasil : uma análise baseada no desenvolvimento socioeconômico

Purpose: To describe the presence of speech-language therapists (SLT) in the primary health care (PHC) in Brazil and its association with socioeconomic inequalities. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 17,157 PHC services in all Brazilian states. Based on the NASF External Assessment Questionnaire sub-item “speech-language therapist”, which was used to answer the question “What NASF professionals support your PHC service?”, in addition to contextual data (regional population, number of registered SLP, speech therapy college courses, city HDI and Gini Index). Results: From all the PHC services supported by NASF, 50.8% (8713/17,157) has SLPs as part of the team. Brazil’s Southeast region has the higher prevalence of SLP at the team (57.4%; 5,575). South Region has the lower prevalence (28.9%; 625). The presence of SLP support is directly proportional to HDI stratum and Gini Index (average and high). Conclusion: There is an important limitation of public care to treat communication and swallowing disorders in Brazil.Objetivo: Descrever a presença de fonoaudiólogos na atenção primária à saúde (APS) no Brasil e sua associação com desigualdades socioeconômicas. Método: Estudo transversal com 17.157 serviços de APS em todos os estados brasileiros. Com base no Questionário de Avaliação Externa do NASF utilizou-se o subitem “fonoaudiólogo” para a resposta à pergunta “Que profissionais do NASF apóiam seu serviço de APS?”, além disso utilizou-se dados contextuais (população regional, número de fonoaudiólogos registrados, número de faculdades de fonoaudiologia, IDH da cidade e Índice Gini). Resultados: De todos os serviços de APS apoiados pelo NASF, 50,8% (871.317.157) tem o fonoaudiólogo como parte da equipe. A região Sudeste do Brasil tem a maior prevalência de fonoaudiólogo na equipe (57,4%; 5.575). A região Sul tem a menor prevalência (28,9%; 625). A presença do suporte fonoaudiológico é diretamente proporcional ao estrato IDH e ao índice de Gini (médio e alto). Conclusão: Existe uma importante limitação na oferta dos serviços fonoaudiológicos públicos no Brasil

Oferta de fonoaudiologia e atenção primária em saúde no Brasil : uma análise baseada no desenvolvimento socioeconômico

Purpose: To describe the presence of speech-language therapists (SLT) in the primary health care (PHC) in Brazil and its association with socioeconomic inequalities. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 17,157 PHC services in all Brazilian states. Based on the NASF External Assessment Questionnaire sub-item “speech-language therapist”, which was used to answer the question “What NASF professionals support your PHC service?”, in addition to contextual data (regional population, number of registered SLP, speech therapy college courses, city HDI and Gini Index). Results: From all the PHC services supported by NASF, 50.8% (8713/17,157) has SLPs as part of the team. Brazil’s Southeast region has the higher prevalence of SLP at the team (57.4%; 5,575). South Region has the lower prevalence (28.9%; 625). The presence of SLP support is directly proportional to HDI stratum and Gini Index (average and high). Conclusion: There is an important limitation of public care to treat communication and swallowing disorders in Brazil.Objetivo: Descrever a presença de fonoaudiólogos na atenção primária à saúde (APS) no Brasil e sua associação com desigualdades socioeconômicas. Método: Estudo transversal com 17.157 serviços de APS em todos os estados brasileiros. Com base no Questionário de Avaliação Externa do NASF utilizou-se o subitem “fonoaudiólogo” para a resposta à pergunta “Que profissionais do NASF apóiam seu serviço de APS?”, além disso utilizou-se dados contextuais (população regional, número de fonoaudiólogos registrados, número de faculdades de fonoaudiologia, IDH da cidade e Índice Gini). Resultados: De todos os serviços de APS apoiados pelo NASF, 50,8% (871.317.157) tem o fonoaudiólogo como parte da equipe. A região Sudeste do Brasil tem a maior prevalência de fonoaudiólogo na equipe (57,4%; 5.575). A região Sul tem a menor prevalência (28,9%; 625). A presença do suporte fonoaudiológico é diretamente proporcional ao estrato IDH e ao índice de Gini (médio e alto). Conclusão: Existe uma importante limitação na oferta dos serviços fonoaudiológicos públicos no Brasil