Parâmetros nutricionais da lâmina foliar de diferentes forrageiras tropicais

The aim of this study was to evaluate the leaf blade nutritional value of different genotypes of Cynodon cultivars in four regrowth ages (28, 48, 63 and 79 days), by chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a split plot scheme, with the studied genotypes (cultivars) (Tifton 68, Tifton 85, Russell, Jiggs and Vaquero) parcels and the four ages cutting the subplots (28, 48, 63 and 79 days). There was an increase in dry matter content with the advance of plant age ranged from 30% to 70% at 28 and 79 days of regrowth, respectively. A reduction of 25 g kg-1 in crude protein content of the genotypes when it was increased the regrowth age of 28 for 79 days, with a daily reduction of 1.79%.There was daily increases of 1.72% and 1.17% in the fiber neutral detergent and acid detergent fiber, respectively. The management of all genotypes at the age of 28 days of regrowth provided greater in vitro digestibility of dry matter leaf blade (79.65%). For a best nutritional value of the Cynodon cultivars, it is recommended to have a period of 28 days between the cuts.OObjetivou-se por meio deste trabalho avaliar o valor nutritivo da lâmina foliar de diferentes genótipos do gênero Cynodon em quatro idades de rebrota (28, 48, 63 e 79 dias), por meio da composição química e da digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com tratamentos arranjados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo os genótipos estudados (cultivares) (Tifton 68, Tifton 85, Russel, Jiggs e Vaquero) as parcelas, e as quatro idades de corte as subparcelas (28, 48, 63 e 79 dias). Verificou-se aumento no teor de matéria seca com o avanço da idade da planta que variou de 30% a 70%, aos 28 e 79 dias de rebrota, respectivamente. Houve redução no teor de proteína bruta dos genótipos de 25 g kg-1 quando aumentou a idade de rebrota de 28 para 79 dias, com redução diária de 1,79%. Houve incrementos diários de 1,72% e 1,17% no teor de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido, respectivamente. O manejo de todos os genótipos na idade de 28 dias de rebrota proporcionou maior digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da lâmina foliar (79,65%). Recomenda-se o intervalo de corte para todos os genótipos a cada 28 dias, em função do melhor valor nutricional

Valor nutricional do colmo de gramíneas tropicais

The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value and in vitro organic matter digestibility of stem of genotypes of Cynodon in four regrowth ages (28, 48, 63 and 79 days) in the period of autumn-winter transition. The treatments were distributed following a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a split plot, being the genotypes studied (Tifton 68, Tifton 85, Russell, Jiggs and Vaquero) the plots, and the four ages cutting the subplots (28, 48, 63 and 79 days). The crude protein values of the stem of the analyzed genotypes daily decreased 1.36% and were higher at 28 days of age (11.22%). Fiber content of acid detergent of all genotypes increased with age, and largest daily increases were observed in Tifton 68 (1.91%) and Vaquero (1.55%) genotypes compared to the others. The highest values of total digestible nutrients and in vitro digestibility of organic matter were verified at the age of 28 days (50.40% and 72.50%, respectively) and with the advancement of plant age reductions of 2.52% and 0.71% were observed. The cutting management and/or grazing of all genotypes at the age of 28 days of regrowth have better nutritional value and in vitro digestibility of organic matter compared to other ages.Objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho avaliar o valor nutritivo e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica do colmo de genótipos do gênero Cynodon em quatro idades de rebrota (28, 48, 63 e 79 dias) no período da transição outono-inverno. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos seguindo delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com tratamentos arranjados em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo os genótipos estudadas (Tifton 68, Tifton 85, Russel, Jiggs e Vaquero) as parcelas, e as quatro idades corte, as subparcelas (28, 48, 63 e 79 dias). Os valores de proteína bruta do colmo dos genótipos analisados diminuíram diariamente 1,36% e foram maiores aos 28 dias de rebrota (11,22%). Os teores de fibra em detergente ácido de todos os genótipos aumentaram com a idade, sendo que, maiores incrementos diários foram observados nos genótipos Tifton 68 (1,91%) e Vaquero (1,55%) em relação aos demais. Os maiores valores de nutrientes digestíveis totais e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica do colmo foram verificados na idade de 28 dias (50,40% e 72,50%, respectivamente) e com o avanço da idade da planta, reduções de 2,52% e 0,71% foram verificadas. O manejo de corte e/ou pastejo de todos os genótipos na idade de 28 dias de rebrota apresenta melhor valor nutritivo e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica em comparação às demais idades

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed hay based diets

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets formulated with hay of different genotypes of Cynodon spp. and to compare the dry matter digestibility of diets using different evaluation methods (total fecal collection and chromium oxide). Suffolk crossbred neutered male lambs (n=30), with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 21.5 kg ± 1.6. Diets were formulated using a standard concentrate and hay of the following genotypes of Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, in a 60:40 forage concentrate ratio, composing the treatments distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial 5 x 2 arrangement of 5 diets and 2 digestibility evaluation methods. Animals receiving Vaquero hay showed dry matter intake of 18.3; 16.9; 25.6; 20.7 and 24.2% higher than those fed hay of Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, respectively. There was no difference between diets for digestibility using total fecal collection, chromium oxide and final weight of animals. Jiggs hay based diets allowed greater daily weight gain and better feed conversion.

Performance of steers supplemented with mineral mixtures in the State of Mato Grosso

The present study evaluated the effects of supplements on the productive performance and economical parameters of beef steers on pastures during the dry season. Twenty-four castrated steers with average age and weight of eighteen months and 269 kg, respectively, were evaluated in the following treatments: pasture without minerals (P); pasture and mineral salt (PMS) and pasture and mineral salt plus urea (PMSU). The chemical composition showed low contents of crude protein and high values of neutral and acid detergent fiber for forages sampled in the form of complete collection compared with the grazing simulation technique. The supplementation with mineral salt plus urea led to a higher average daily gain (p < 0.05) than the animals on pasture without mineral. However, when the average daily gain was expressed per metabolic weight, the supplementation with mineral salt plus urea was superior (p < 0.05). The supplementation of animals on pasture proved economically profitable, and the use of mineral salt with urea in the dry season enables a better performance at viable costs.O presente experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de suplementações sobre o desempenho produtivo e parâmetros econômicos de novilhos de corte, em fase de recria, manejados em pastagens durante a época da seca. Foram utilizados 24 novilhos castrados, com idade e peso médios de 18 meses e de 269 kg, respectivamente. Foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: pastagem sem minerais (P); pastagem e sal mineralizado (PSM) e pastagem e sal mineralizado mais ureia (PSMU). A composição bromatológica caracterizou-se por baixos conteúdos de proteína bruta e altos valores de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido para forragens amostradas na forma de coleta completa comparada com a técnica de simulação de pastejo. Os animais sob os tratamentos com suplementação mineralizada mais ureia apresentaram ganhos de peso diários médios superiores (p < 0,05) ao daquele submetido apenas à pastagem. No entanto, quando o peso médio foi expresso em peso metabólico apenas o tratamento com ureia apresentou superioridade nos dados (p < 0,05). A suplementação de animais em pastejo mostrou-se uma técnica economicamente rentável, sendo que a utilização de sal mineralizado com ureia no período seco possibilita melhor desempenho a custos viáveis.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Degradabilidade ruminal da fibra em detergente neutro de gramíneas Cynodon spp. em quatro idades de rebrota

The aim of this work was to determine ruminal degradation of neutral detergent fiber of grasses of the genus Cynodon, harvested at four cutting ages. It was used a randomized block design, with five treatments arranged in a split plot, the five evaluated genotypes: Tifton 85, Jiggs, Russel, Tifton 68 and Vaquero; were the plots and ages of cutting were the subplots: 28, 48, 63 and 79 days. By adding one day in the cutting age, there was a linear reduction in the effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber of blade and stem of 0.16 and 0.18%, respectively. The increase in the cutting age had a linear and positive influence on the undegradable neutral detergent fiber with daily increments for leaf and stem of 0.12 and 0.18%, respectively. At the 28 regrowth day, all genotypes showed higher content of potentially degradable insoluble fraction, effective degradability and lower undegradable fraction of the neutral detergent fiber of blade and stem in relation to other ages, in this way this interval is recommended for cutting management.Objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho determinar a degradação ruminal da fibra em detergente neutro de gramíneas do gênero Cynodon, colhidas em quatro idades de corte. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos arranjados em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo os cinco genótipos: Tifton 85, Jiggs, Russel, Tifton 68 e Vaqueiro; estudadas as parcelas e as quatro idades de corte as subparcelas: 28, 48, 63 e 79 dias. À medida que aumentou um dia na idade de corte, houve redução linear da degradabilidade efetiva da fibra em detergente neutro da lâmina e do colmo em 0,16 e 0,18%, respectivamente. O avanço na idade de corte influenciou linearmente e positivamente a fração indegradável da fibra em detergente neutro com incrementos diários para a lâmina foliar e para o colmo de 0,12 e 0,18%, respectivamente. Na idade de 28 dias de rebrota, todos os genótipos apresentaram maiores teores de fração insolúvel potencialmente degradável, degradabilidade efetiva e menor fração indegradável da fibra em detergente neutro da lâmina e do colmo em relação às demais idades, sendo desta forma recomendado esse intervalo para manejo de corte

Nutritional value of grass silage of mombasa associated with additives agroindustrial

It was aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of grass silage-mombasa associated with different additives in four times of opening the silo. The experiment was conducted in UFGD. After harvesting the forage, biomass in natura crushed, was taken to the lab, homogenized and enriched on the basis of natural mass, with the following additives: 5% wheat bran, 5% of waste (broken grain and soy ice cream cone) of soybean, 5% urea in natural matter and the witness (without additive).The silos were opened after (unprocessed material), 15, 30 and 45 days, for the analysis of chemical composition. The data obtained were analyzed through the statistical programme SISVAR and averages were compared to 5% of probability, by Skott-Knot. The grass silage- mombasa without additive presented major (P<0.05) dry matter content compared to other treatments at time 0 and 30 days of silage and did not differ (P>0.05) of grass silage- mombasa associated with 5 of urea in 15 days and 45 of silage. The grass silage-mombasa with 5% urea showed the highest crude protein content at time 0 and differed from other treatments. The silage of mombasa associated with 5% urea provided greater in vitro digestibility of dry matter to 15 days of silage

Characteristics of housing and meat for lambs fed diets containing different genotypes cynodons

This study aimed to evaluate body morphometry and qualitative traits of carcasses and meat of lambs in a feedlot, fed hay Cynodon genotypes: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast -Cross, Tifton 85 and Russel. The diets had forage to concentrate ratio of 60:40 for all levels of performance. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 5 animals per treatment, randomly assigned according to body weight. There was no significant difference in slaughter weight, yield of carcass muscle and hot, with average values of 33.67 kg, 42.74 and 53.20%, respectively. There was a significant difference for heart girth and length of carcass, where the animals of the treatment Jiggs had greater in vivo measurements (78.40 and 67.60 cm, respectively). To the perimeter of leg, carcasses relating to Russel and Vaquero treatments had lesser extent. Lambs supplemented with hay Cynodon had potential for production of carcasses and meat quality