Развитие нестандартных форм занятости

Представлена характеристика и обобщены признаки нестандартных форм занятости, разнообразие которых связано с развитием и повышением доступности технологий, дано определение виртуальной занятости. Подчеркивается, что распространение нестандартных форм занятости является ответом рынка труда на происходящие изменения в экономик

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthy blood donors from the state of Tyrol, Austria, in summer 2020.

BACKGROUND: Seroepidemiological studies provide important insight into the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) in our society. We aimed to determine seropositivity of SARS-CoV‑2 antibodies and its cross-sectional correlates in a large cohort of blood donors. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, we tested healthy blood donors residing in Tyrol, Austria, for SARS-CoV‑2 antibodies using the Abbott SARS-CoV‑2 IgG chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. We estimated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of seroprevalences using bootstrapping and tested for differences by participant characteristics using logistic regression. FINDINGS: Between 8 June and 4 September 2020, we screened 5345 healthy individuals at local blood donor sessions (mean age 42.7 years, SD 13.5 years, 46.7% female). Overall seroprevalence was 3.1% (95% CI 2.7-3.6%, 165 cases), which is 5.1-fold higher (95% CI 4.5-6.0%) than the case number identified by the health authorities in the state-wide testing program (0.6%; 4536 out of 757,634). Seroprevalence was higher in the district Landeck (16.6%, P < 0.001) and in individuals aged < 25 years (4.7%, P = 0.043), but did not differ by gender, blood types, or medication intake. The odds ratio for seropositivity was 2.51 for participants who had travelled to Ischgl (1.49-4.21, P = 0.001), 1.39 who had travelled to other federal states (1.00-1.93, P = 0.052), and 2.41 who had travelled abroad (1.61-3.63, P < 0.001). Compared to participants who had a suspected/confirmed SARS-CoV‑2 infection but were seronegative, seropositive participants more frequently reported loss of smell (odds ratio = 2.49, 1.32-4.68, P = 0.005) and taste (odds ratio = 2.76, 1.54-4.92, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In summer 2020, SARS-CoV‑2 seroprevalence in Tyrolean blood donors was 3.1%. Our study revealed regional variation and associations with young age, travel history and specific symptoms

Water release behaviour of soda-lime-silica glass melts

Glass with the composiüon (in mol%) 16Na₂O * 10CaO * 74SiO₂ and a water content of 0.12 to 0.005 mol/1 has been investigated by IR spectroscopy. It has been found that at a water content of 0.01 mol/l the largest part of bonded water is released at temperatures 1250°C as well. This high-temperature release of strongly bonded water is caused by changes in the structure of glass melt or by the simultaneous release of other volatile species

Themenheft 52 "Sterblichkeit, Todesursachen und regionale Unterschiede"

In Deutschland ist die Sterblichkeit in den letzten 20 Jahren stark gesunken, in den neuen Bundesländern noch stärker als in den alten, so dass eine Annäherung stattgefunden hat. Eine Ost-West-Diskrepanz bleibt vor allem bei den 15- bis 64-jährigen Männern. Die Sterblichkeit der Männer ist mit großer zeitlicher Stabilität in nahezu allen Altersgruppen erheblich größer als die der Frauen. Ihre mittlere Lebenserwartung liegt in Deutschland derzeit rund fünf Jahre unter der der Frauen. Als biologisch-konstitutionell bedingt gelten davon nur ein bis zwei Jahre, geschlechtsdifferente Verhaltensweisen wie z. B. Rauchen, Ernährung und riskantes Verhalten haben eine große Bedeutung. Die Herausbildung und das Bestehen regionaler Sterblichkeitsunterschiede haben vielfältige, sich auch wechselseitig beeinflussende Ursachen. Eine wesentliche Rolle spielen dabei sozioökonomische Faktoren sowie Wanderungs- und Selektionseffekte. Als Todesursachen dominieren in Deutschland Krankheiten des Kreislaufsystems und Krebserkrankungen. Die Sterblichkeit an Kreislaufkrankheiten ist stärker gesunken als die Krebssterblichkeit. Im Zusammenhang mit der Qualität der Todesursachenstatistik wird unter anderem über die Probleme und Uneinheitlichkeit von ärztlicher Leichenschau und Kodierung sowie über niedrige Obduktionsraten diskutiert

Determination of the water content of alkali lime silica glasses by IR spectroscopy using nuclear reaction analysis for calibration

Systematic IR and NRA investigations were performed for two series of glasses with very different water contents. The glasses had the composition (in mol%): 16 R₂O · 10 CaO · 74 SiO₂ (R = sodium, potassium). The IR absorption coefTicients of the OH bands were found to be linearly correlated with the total hydrogen content obtained by the NRA measurements. Using the hydrogen concentration values from NRA, the total water contents were calculated and so-called practical IR extinction coefTicients were deduced. The values found for the soda-lime-silica glasses are 381 · mol¯¹ · cm¯¹ for the band at 3550cm¯¹ and 561 · mol¯¹ · cm¯¹ for the band at 2800cm¯¹. The values for the potassium-lime-silica glasses are 231 · mol¯¹ · cm¯¹ for the band at 3550 cm¯¹ and 78 l · mol¯¹ · cm¯¹ for the band at 2800 cm¯¹ Also, Scholze's two-band method was applied, resulting in good agreement between the water contents of the glasses derived from the IR and the NRA measurements

Seroprevalence, Waning and Correlates of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Tyrol, Austria: Large-Scale Study of 35,193 Blood Donors Conducted between June 2020 and September 2021.

There is uncertainty about the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population of Austria and about the waning of antibodies over time. We conducted a seroepidemiological study between June 2020 and September 2021, enrolling blood donors aged 18-70 years across Tyrol, Austria (participation rate: 84.0%). We analyzed serum samples for antibodies against the spike or the nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2. We performed a total of 47,363 samples taken from 35,193 individuals (median age, 43.1 years (IQR: 29.3-53.7); 45.3% women; 10.0% with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection). Seroprevalence increased from 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8-4.2%) in June 2020 to 82.7% (95% CI: 81.4-83.8%) in September 2021, largely due to vaccination. Anti-spike IgG seroprevalence was 99.6% (95% CI: 99.4-99.7%) among fully vaccinated individuals, 90.4% (95% CI: 88.8-91.7%) among unvaccinated individuals with prior infection and 11.5% (95% CI: 10.8-12.3%) among unvaccinated individuals without known prior infection. Anti-spike IgG levels were reduced by 44.0% (95% CI: 34.9-51.7%) at 5-6 months compared with 0-3 months after infection. In fully vaccinated individuals, they decreased by 31.7% (95% CI: 29.4-33.9%) per month. In conclusion, seroprevalence in Tyrol increased to 82.7% in September 2021, with the bulk of seropositivity stemming from vaccination. Antibody levels substantially and gradually declined after vaccination or infection

Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Tyrol, Austria: Updated Analysis Involving 22,607 Blood Donors Covering the Period October 2021 to April 2022.

Because a large proportion of the Austrian population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2 during high incidence periods in winter 2021/2022, up-to-date estimates of seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are required to inform upcoming public health policies. We quantified anti-Spike IgG antibody levels in 22,607 individuals that donated blood between October 2021 and April 2022 across Tyrol, Austria (participation rate: 96.0%). Median age of participants was 45.3 years (IQR: 30.9−55.1); 41.9% were female. From October 2021 to April 2022, seropositivity increased from 84.9% (95% CI: 83.8−86.0%) to 95.8% (94.9−96.4%), and the geometric mean anti-Spike IgG levels among seropositive participants increased from 283 (95% CI: 271−296) to 1437 (1360−1518) BAU/mL. The percentages of participants in categories with undetectable levels and detectable levels at <500, 500−<1000, 1000−<2000, 2000−<3000, and ≥3000 BAU/mL were 15%, 54%, 15%, 10%, 3%, and 3% in October 2021 vs. 4%, 18%, 17%, 18%, 11%, and 32% in April 2022. Of 2711 participants that had repeat measurements taken a median 4.2 months apart, 61.8% moved to a higher, 13.9% to a lower, and 24.4% remained in the same category. Among seropositive participants, antibody levels were 16.8-fold in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals (95% CI: 14.2−19.9; p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in terms of seropositivity and average antibody levels has increased markedly during the winter 2021/2022 SARS-CoV-2 waves in Tyrol, Austria

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seroprevalence in Tyrol, Austria, among 28,768 Blood Donors between May 2022 and March 2023.

Peer reviewed: TrueAcknowledgements: The authors thank the employees of the infection serology laboratory of the Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, namely Barbara Schennach, Elfriede Lanser, Andrea Schiestl, and Michaela Szabo. We especially thank Barbara Schlögl, Helga Egger, Daniel Bichler, Tobias Christoph, Georg Schilcher, Roland Fuetsch, Jakob Stanger, Viliyana Kirova, Lukas Summerer, Bernhard Blanda, Katharina Lerchster, Karoline Kössler, Daniela Schmidt, Georg Kinzl, Andrea Schiestl, Johannes Köck, Oliver Nicoladoni, Theo Longo, Felix Koch, and Hans Peter Spötl for entering questionnaires into our database. Furthermore, we thank all employees of the blood donation service of the Tyrolean Red Cross.Publication status: PublishedFunder: Tirol Kliniken GmbHBACKGROUND: To provide updated estimates on SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and average antibody titres for Central Europe. METHODS: In repeat cross-sectional investigations (1 May 2022 to 9 March 2023) involving 28,768 blood donors in the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria (participation rate: 87.0%), we measured Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and Nucleocapsid IgG antibodies (37,065 and 12,645 samples), and estimated monthly seroprevalences and geometric mean titres. RESULTS: Median age of participants was 45.4 years (range 18-70); 43.2% were female. Spike RBD IgG antibody seroprevalence was 96.3% (95% CI: 95.6-96.9%) in May 2022, 97.4% (96.7-98.0%) in December 2022, and 97.9% (96.4-98.8%) in March 2023. Among seropositive participants, geometric mean titres increased from 1400 BAU/mL (95% CI: 1333-1471) in May 2022 to 1821 BAU/mL (1717-1932) in December 2022, and dropped to 1559 BAU/mL (1405-1729) by March 2023. Furthermore, titres differed markedly by vaccination status and history of infection, with being the highest in participants with booster vaccination and prior infection. In autumn 2022, Nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroprevalence ranged from 36.5% (35.0-38.1) in September to 39.2% (37.2-41.2) in December 2022. CONCLUSION: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood donors from Tyrol, Austria, was remarkably stable from May 2022 to March 2023. In contrast, average Spike RBD IgG antibody titres peaked in December 2022

Baseline characteristics, immunization status and travel history of the study participants.

<p>Baseline characteristics, immunization status and travel history of the study participants.</p