Mapping the First World War Forgotten Material Heritage: A Multi-proxy and GIS-based Proposal for the Trentino Alps

[EN] The material remains of the First World War field-battles are gradually disappearing, especially in marginal mountain areas, due to negligence and changes in land coverage. The paper presents the first stage of an ongoing project, devoted to identifying the forgotten material features of war landscapes on the Trentino Alps, using a wide range of historical sources, such as cartography, aerial and ground photos, textual descriptions and field surveys. The case study chosen to test the methodology is a small area of the municipality of Trambileno, in the south of the Province of Trento. Different data from different sources are integrated in a GIS platform, in order to safeguard the memory and the location of cultural heritage, as well as to support future enhancement plans.Dai Prà, E.; Gabellieri, N. (2020). Mapping the First World War Forgotten Material Heritage: A Multi-proxy and GIS-based Proposal for the Trentino Alps. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 883-890. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11397OCS88389

Per una geostoria delle attivit\ue0 estrattive di Carrara: la cartografia digitale delle Cave de\u2019 Marmi descritte all\u2019impianto del Nuovo Catasto Estense (1821-1824).

L'idea di questo contributo nasce dal ritrovamento presso l'Archivio di Stato di Massa di una serie di registri e carte \u2013 estratto del Catasto Estense (1820-1824) \u2013 in cui sono elencate le cave di marmo esistenti nel territorio dello Stato di Carrara. Questi registri, a cui \ue8 allegato un apparato cartografico realizzato alla stessa scala dei fogli mappali (1:2000 o 1:4000), riportano varie informazioni sullo stato di attivit\ue0, i proprietari e la qualit\ue0 del marmo in quattro comunelli del carrarese sia alla data d\u2019impianto del Catasto sia per i secoli precedenti alla rilevazione fiscale. La prima parte dell\u2019articolo presenta quindi il contesto normativo ed economico dello Stato di Carrara nel XIX secolo, per illustrare le motivazioni e le modalit\ue0 di produzione della fonte. La seconda parte \ue8 invece dedicata all\u2019analisi sincronica della \u201cmetafonte\u201d elaborata vettorializzando le particelle catastali e trascrivendo le informazioni dei registri tramite applicativi GIS; la cartografia prodotta restituisce la struttura della propriet\ue0, lo stato e la qualit\ue0 delle cave al 1820-24. Questo lavoro di ricostruzione basato su fonti storiche si configura come un primo passo utile allo studio paesaggistico e geografico delle attivit\ue0 estrattive sulle Alpi Apuane. L\u2019incrocio con i dati odierni, in elaborazione presso il Centro di GeoTecnologie dell\u2019Universit\ue0 di Siena, consentir\ue0 in futuro un confronto diacronico e una mappatura dell\u2019ampliamento delle cave negli ultimi due secoli.The present work is inspired by the discovery in the Archivio di Stato di Massa of some registries \u2013 part of the Catasto Estense (1820-1824) \u2013 which listed the Carrara State marble quarries. The registries, as well as the linked maps (scale 1:2000 or 1:4000), provides data about the condition, the possession and the variety of the quarries, both for the 1820 and for the 1751 appraisal. The source data cover four comunelli (hamlets) of Carrara territory. The first part of the article presents the institutional, regulatory and economic context of the Carrara State in the XIX Century, in order to shows motivations and modality of the sources production. Cadastral maps have been vectorialized and registries data have been transcribed and linked with the map in order to create an integrated geo-database using a GIS software. The second part deals with the analysis of this \u201cmetasource\u201d; the geodatabase and the cartography shows the possession structure, the quarries condition and the marble varieties in the 1820-24. This work represents a first step for landscape and historical geography studies of the quarry activities in the Apuane Alps. The comparison with the currient quarries maps, actually in elaboration by the Centro di Tecnologie of the University of Siena, will allows a diachronic analysis of landscape and possession changes in the last two centuries

Riforma agraria, bonifica e territorializzazione nelle Maremme toscane; alcuni spunti dall’archivio storico dell’Ente Maremma (1951-1965)

This paper deals with the topic of the Agrarian reform in southern Tuscany (1951-1965) using a territorial history approach; that is, it focuses on the reshaping of local society, economy and environments due to a national process as the Reform, it highlights the importance of discontinuities in territorialisation trends. Methodologically, the use of a local approach allows a better understanding and depiction of social actors and past practices, avoiding the decontextualisation of places and historical processes. The first section of the paper presents some discussion topics emerging from an analysis of the historical archives of the public body competent for the Reform in Maremma; the second section presents a first hypothesis for a history of the Agrarian reform as a moment of requalification of environmental resources – changes in ownership, access and use – using water as a case study.  Finally, the paper highlights how the relations among social actors, environmental resources and territorial projects have been – and still are – a key point in territorialisation processes

Chapter Il filo da riannodare: Massimo Quaini, una letteratura per la geografia e una geografia per la letteratura

With regard to the relationship between literary works and geographical studies, Massimo Quaini’s interest consolidated into a heuristic imprint whose originality has not yet been adequately enlightened. Through the analysis of his essays, the paper identifies some clues of his thought: methodologically, the need for a critical approach of ‘archeology of knowledge and sources’ to the writer’s profile; teleologically, the identification of the geographical factors inside the works as a tool for territorial enhancement; epistemologically, the use of literary topoi and metaphors as an interpretive key – together with the geographical-historical analysis – of the historical and current territorial dynamics

Pianificazione delle campagne e modernismo agricolo nell'Italia del Secondo Dopoguerra. Il caso studio della Riforma Agraria in Maremma (1950-65)

SUMMARY: Countryside planning and agricultural modernism in post-World War II Italy. The case study of the Agrarian Reform in Southern Tuscany (1950-65). \u2013 This paper approaches the Agrarian Reform scheme launched in Italy in 1951 and ended in 1965. Main attention is paid to the spatial analysis, of the planning projects of a new agroecosystem based on small farms and intensive management of environmental resources. Two limited areas in Southern Tuscany, the Cecina Valley and the Grosseto Plain, have been chosen as case studies. The work is grounded on the Ente Maremma historical archives, recently made accessible to scholars. The controversial debate on the Reform output has been faced using textual, statistic and cartographical source. This paper underlines that the Reform resulted in an increasing divergence between plains and hillymountain areas. In the broader context of Tuscan countryside, trends as rural exodus and land abandonment turn out to be consequences of precise strategies of the State rural and agricultural planning.R\uc9SUM\uc9: Am\ue9nagement des campagnes et modernisme agricole en Italie apr\ue8s la Seconde guerre mondiale. L\u2019\ue9tude de cas de la R\ue9forme agraire dans la Toscane du Sud (1950-65). \u2013 Cette contribution envisage la R\ue9forme agraire promue en Italie entre 1951 et 1965. Son objectif est celui de relire la R\ue9forme en tant que moment de transformation de l\u2019espace et de planification d\u2019un nouvel agro\ue9cosyst\ue8me qui se fonde sur les petites exploitations directes ainsi que sur une gestion intensive des ressources environnementales. On a choisi comme cas d\u2019\ue9tude deux zones aires de la Toscane du Sud: la Vall\ue9e du Cecina et la Plaine de Grosseto. La r\ue9cente r\ue9ouverture des archives historiques de l\u2019Ente Maremma a mis \ue0 disposition de nouvelles sources textuelles, cartographiques, statistiques et des recensements. Ces sources peuvent \ueatre interrog\ue9es afin d\u2019enrichir le d\ue9bat au sujet des effets de la R\ue9forme. \uc0 la lumi\ue8re de ces sources, entre autre, des ph\ue9nom\ue8nes comme l\u2019exode agricole et l\u2019abandon des terrains n\u2019apparaissent plus seulement comme des cons\ue9quences du d\ue9veloppement \ue9conomique du pays, mais aussi comme les effets de choix pr\ue9cis dans la cadre de la politique agraire

The Archeology of Woodland Ecology: Reconstructing Past Woodmanship Practices of Wooded Pasture Systems in Italy

Recently, the woodmanship practices and localized naturalistic knowledge have been acquired as indispensable for the European forest heritage conservation as well as for restoration of individual woodland landscapes. Minor importance has been given to the historical approach, both in the study of the local resources ecology and of the local societal context. Using the results of a series of case studies—applied to the knowledge and planning of sites that host present (or have hosted in past) wooded pasture systems and their environmental legacy—the chapter shows the interest of the environmental resource archeology (ERA): a “multisource approach” in reconstructing past management systems practices and underpinned lore. ERA is inspired by the method and sources of the English historical ecology and topographical history employing both archives and field evidences (palynology, anthracology, etc.)

Historical cartography and bio-stratigraphic sources for the characterization of historical vineyard landscapes: applied research in Liguria and Trentino

I recenti passaggi normativi costituiti dal Testo Unico del Vino (2016) e dal Decreto Ministeriale n. 6899 del 2020 hanno portato alla legittimazione a livello ministeriale del patrimonio storico-ambientale costituito dai “vigneti eroici” e “vigneti storici”. Per questi ultimi, il D.M. fissa una serie di criteri per ottenere il riconoscimento, tra cui l’utilizzo di metodi di allevamento tradizionali e l’esistenza in data antecedente al 1960. Come già notato, tale normativa apre nuovi spazi per ricerche geostoriche e archeologico-ambientali applicate alla caratterizzazione e alla valorizzazione del patrimonio paesaggistico rurale del paese. Il contributo discute limiti e potenzialità delle fonti cartografiche storiche per lo studio diacronico dei paesaggi vitati, anche attraverso l’incrocio con fonti di terreno proprie della ricerca archeologica. A questo proposito si presentano due casi studio, situati in Liguria e in Trentino, che permettono di esplorare serie documentali diverse (XVIII-XX secolo), a causa della diversità di fonti disponibili per i territori dei diversi stati pre-unitari del Paese. La cartografia storica è stata raccolta e analizzata in successione, secondo il metodo del filtraggio cartografico, per costruire una “biografia” dei paesaggi vitati dei casi studio. In conclusione, si vuole evidenziare le potenzialità dell’analisi geostorica e delle fonti cartografiche per fornire informazioni su estensione, forme di allevamento e composizione dei vigneti storici, anche in funzione di una geografia storica applicata capace di rispondere ai riconoscimenti ministeriali. Al tempo stesso, l’esame dei due casi studio permette di far emergere spunti di riflessione teorici e metodologici da porre in dialogo con le categorie ufficiali attualmente impiegate.Recent regulatory decrees such as the “Testo Unico del Vino” (2016) and the Ministerial Decree n. 6899 of 2020 led to the official legitimation of “heroic vineyards” and “historical vineyards” as historicalenvironmental heritage. For obtaining the latter recognition, the M.D. establishes a series of criteria, including the use of traditional farming methods and existence prior to 1960. As already noted, this legislation opens up new demands for geo-historical and environmental- archaeological research applied to the characterization and enhancement of the Italian’s rural landscape heritage. This paper discusses the potentialities and the limits of historical cartographies for the diachronic study of vineyard landscapes, also by cross-checking with the bio-stratigraphic evidence collected during the archaeological research. In this regard, two case studies are presented, located in Liguria and Trentino (Italy), which allow for the exploration of different documentary series (18th-20th century), due to the diversity of sources available for the territories of the different pre-unification states of the Peninsula. The historical cartography was collected and analyzed in series, according to the cartographic filtering method, to build a “biography” of the vineyard landscapes. In conclusion, the paper highlights the potential of geo-historical analysis and cartographic sources to provide information on the extent, forms of cultivation, and composition of historical vineyards, also in terms of applied historical geography. At the same time, the examination of the two case studies allows to bright to light theoretical and methodological clues for discussing the official categories currently employed

From Litery GIS to local tourism development: literary routes in Trentino based on cartography and travel writings

Negli ultimi anni le applicazioni dei software GIS per il trattamento, l’a-nalisi e la rappresentazione di dati geografici sono andate espandendosi sino a comprendere anche la georeferenziazione di opere letterarie. In particolare, l’esame e l’esegesi della letteratura di viaggio del passato, ric-ca di riferimenti spaziali topografici precisamente localizzabili, ha con-sentito di strutturare veri e propri sistemi informativi geografici letterari, denominati Literary GIS, che hanno permesso di supportare ricerche ri-guardanti le prassi dei viaggiatori e le loro categorie di lettura dei territori ed elementi paesaggistici oggi scomparsi. Visto l’interesse esistente per tali forme di turismo letterario, questi sistemi informativi aprono interes-santi possibilità di sviluppo di itinerari culturali per la fruizione territoriale. Il contributo prende quindi le mosse da un progetto, attualmente in corso, volto alla realizzazione di un GIS storico e letterario riguardante la lette-ratura di viaggio dedicata al territorio del Trentino e prodotta da autori noti e meno celebri tra il XVIII e il XIX secolo durante l’epoca del Grand Tour. Brani di opere di viaggio che descrivono i territori attraversati sono stati trascritti, censiti e georeferenziati sulla base dei riferimenti geografici presenti. In questa sede si vuole, in particolare, esplorare le potenzialità di tale dataset per progettare e sviluppare specifici percorsi culturali, che permettano al turista di ripercorrere il territorio sulle orme di celebri viag-giatori del passato beneficiando delle descrizioni letterarie di paesaggi scomparsi o ancora esistenti per arricchire la propria esperienza. Come ri-sultato, si propone una cartografia di alcuni itinerari che possano fungere da originali elementi di placetelling e da veicolo di promozione turistica, diffusa e sostenibile, anche per contesti meno noti del territorio trentino.In recent years, the applications of GIS software for the processing, analysis and representation of geographic data have expanded to in-clude the georeferencing of literary works. In particular, the travel writ-ings of the past, rich in precise topographical spatial references, allow the development of literary geographic information systems, the so-called “Literary GIS”. Literary GIS can support research regarding the practices of travelers as well as their categories of reading and describ-ing territories and landscape that may have disappeared today. Given the existing interest in literary tourism, tthese information systems could be of interest for the development of cultural itineraries. The pa-per presents an ongoing project aiming to the development of a his-torical and literary GIS; such dataset involves travel literature describ-ing the territory of Trentino and produced between the 18th and 19th centuries during the era of the Grand Tour. Texts of travel writings that represent local spaces and landscapes have been transcribed, classi-fied and georeferenced on the basis of present references. In this paper, we specifically explore the potential of such dataset to develop specific cultural routes to enable tourists to dwell the territory in the footsteps of famous travelers of the past, benefiting from literary descriptions of disappeared or still existing landscapes to enrich their experience. As a result, a cartography of some itineraries for widespread and sustain-able tourism development and placetelling for lesser-known contexts of the Trentino territory is proposed

Bridging research and dissemination in the CoViD-19 era: a WebGIS dashboard for the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy)

The paper presents an ongoing project devoted to the study, the analysis and the representation of epidemiological data related to CoViD-19 spread in the territory of the Province of Trento (Italy), both for scientific and communication purposes. In this broader context, the construction of a digital cartography tool as a WebGIS to allow local communities understanding of epidemiological spread is presented. Data have been supplied by the local Provincial Health Authority; statistic have been processed in order to develop municipality scale vector polygonal coropleth and point maps in order to show affected, health and death rate distribution. A timeline allows the representation of changes and dynamics from Spring 2020 to the current date. The database provides “on-the-fly” data to the production scripts of maps and time charts. These scripts querying the database produce a geographic file in the geojson standard interchange format. This file is read by the javascript scripts based on the leaflet libraries for the production of the final maps. In a similar process, scripts based on the chart.js library produce the graph of the data temporal variation, automatically reading dates and interval time of analysis. A custom procedure was developed to allow the periodic update of the dataset. New information is added to the database by uploading an external spreadsheet. The study presents the methodology to develop and assess the WebGIS for managing, visualize and analyse Coronavirus diffusion. Future implementation of the WebGIS will expand the used data and allow the comparison with social and environmental factors