Control systems for street lighting

Public lighting is a specific type of lighting system with various requirements.  It is a lighting system which is subject to many influences. Some impacts are changing very rapidly but a lighting system is designed for a specific case. These effects are for example traffic density or the impact of weather. Comprehensive regulation taking into account all the effects not currently exist but particular systems taking into account the subtasks are occurring. The aim is to show the possibilities and also the technical prerequisites for the realization of such systems

Typical Values of Energy Performance Indicators in Road Lighting

Amongst many road lighting design criteria, energy performance plays an important role as it has a~direct link to operational costs, potential reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, mitigation of obtrusive light, and its impact on the night-time environment in urban and conurban settlements. The energy performance of road lighting is conveniently described by the pair of normative numerical indicators PDI and AECI established in European standards. This article aims to present typical values of these indicators for different combinations of road arrangements, road widths, lighting classes and light source technologies to illustrate what benchmarks can be expected using this assessment system. Objectives of the article also comprise discussion on factors influencing the energy performance and conclusion whether it is appropriate to introduce limiting value requirements and/or ranking systems to label energy performance of road lighting systems

Energetická náročnost veřejného osvětlení

After energy performance of lighting in buildings assessed in the proces of energy certification was put to life few years ago, the focus is now on energy performance of public lighting. As required by the mandate of the European Commission to the CEN to define and introduce suitable numerical indicators of the energy performance of public lighting systems, the standardisation process started in 2009. A self standing part of the standard for roadlighting, prEN13201-5 in particular, is devoted to this topic. This standard actually passed through the formal vote in CEN and release of the standard is expected in August this year. Since the begin there were several indicators like LENI, SLEEC and others under discussion, but finally a pair of compound indicators PDI and AECI won the battle. It is obvious that situation in road lighting is principially different from buildings and this fact has to be reflected in selection and definition of the indicators. Aim of this paper is to explain the different approaches and reasons of the selection of PDI and AECI as indicators for assessment of public light ing systems and to give an overview on the main parts of this draft standard with discussion on practical application of the indicators. Lighting control profiles important for calculation of the annual energy consumption incorporated in the AECI indicator are discussed as well in the paper

Výzkum a výuka světelné techniky na Slovenské technické univerzitě

Goal of the paper is to present approaches and solutions for organization of the educational process in light and lighting at the Slovak University of Technology as a case study with generalized outcomes that can be applied in other universities or countries. The paper aims to inspire and to draw attention on education in lighting and the necessity to exchange knowledge and experience of professionals responsible for eduction, what is nowadays felt as an underestimated topic

Energetická náročnost veřejného osvětlení

After energy performance of lighting in buildings assessed in the proces of energy certification was put to life few years ago, the focus is now on energy performance of public lighting. As required by the mandate of the European Commission to the CEN to define and introduce suitable numerical indicators of the energy performance of public lighting systems, the standardisation process started in 2009. A self standing part of the standard for roadlighting, prEN13201-5 in particular, is devoted to this topic. This standard actually passed through the formal vote in CEN and release of the standard is expected in August this year. Since the begin there were several indicators like LENI, SLEEC and others under discussion, but finally a pair of compound indicators PDI and AECI won the battle. It is obvious that situation in road lighting is principially different from buildings and this fact has to be reflected in selection and definition of the indicators. Aim of this paper is to explain the different approaches and reasons of the selection of PDI and AECI as indicators for assessment of public light ing systems and to give an overview on the main parts of this draft standard with discussion on practical application of the indicators. Lighting control profiles important for calculation of the annual energy consumption incorporated in the AECI indicator are discussed as well in the paper

Výzkum a výuka světelné techniky na Slovenské technické univerzitě

Goal of the paper is to present approaches and solutions for organization of the educational process in light and lighting at the Slovak University of Technology as a case study with generalized outcomes that can be applied in other universities or countries. The paper aims to inspire and to draw attention on education in lighting and the necessity to exchange knowledge and experience of professionals responsible for eduction, what is nowadays felt as an underestimated topic

Domácí osvětlení: Výzva ke zlepšení a standardizaci

Investigation presented in the paper aims to map the current situation in home lighting in order to acquire an imagination on preferences and solutions applied by end users – inhabitants, by means of available technologies and taking into account the inheritage of existing systems as well as habits of mind. Besides qualitative findings, quantitative assessment of lighting performance and estimation of energy performance is in the focus of investigation as well. Assumption of the investigation relies on the fact that what is installed in homes for lighting, selected, arranged and installed by the user, is felt by the user as illumination satisfying his needs in all aspects (aesthetic function, lighting control etc.). Questionaire is selected as the method of investigation. To achieve the needed level of reliability of data and because measurements of the illuminance are needed, the questionaire is to be completed by a professional investigator. The questionaire-based investigation is expected to provide a vast of useful information on home lighting. The paper is aimed to present the method which can be applied worldwide and to publish the results of analyses performed over data acquired on national level. Results of investigation are intended to be used for the standardization of home lighting requirements and the preparation of guidelines based on good lighting practice

Domácí osvětlení: Výzva ke zlepšení a standardizaci

Investigation presented in the paper aims to map the current situation in home lighting in order to acquire an imagination on preferences and solutions applied by end users – inhabitants, by means of available technologies and taking into account the inheritage of existing systems as well as habits of mind. Besides qualitative findings, quantitative assessment of lighting performance and estimation of energy performance is in the focus of investigation as well. Assumption of the investigation relies on the fact that what is installed in homes for lighting, selected, arranged and installed by the user, is felt by the user as illumination satisfying his needs in all aspects (aesthetic function, lighting control etc.). Questionaire is selected as the method of investigation. To achieve the needed level of reliability of data and because measurements of the illuminance are needed, the questionaire is to be completed by a professional investigator. The questionaire-based investigation is expected to provide a vast of useful information on home lighting. The paper is aimed to present the method which can be applied worldwide and to publish the results of analyses performed over data acquired on national level. Results of investigation are intended to be used for the standardization of home lighting requirements and the preparation of guidelines based on good lighting practice

Realizace vzorových výpočtů pro škálování energetických tříd ve veřejném osvětlení

At the present, it is in the interest of the majority of most developed countries to reduce the power consumption. Great emphasis is placed on the use of efficient electrical equipment. The European Union started the implementation of the political and economic actions, leading to reduce the use of inefficient products and replacing them with more efficient. Lighting is one of the areas which consumes a lot of energy, but also offers a high potential for savings. Therefore, product- and system-oriented limitations are implemented through European directives into national legislation of the European countries aimed to gradually reduce the use of inefficient products. One of such system tool is the energy performance of buildings introduced several years ago, and now it is time to establish the platform for benchmarking the public lighting systems. In the new draft the standard prEN 13201-5 introduces the compound numerical indicators PDI and AECI. Examples of calculation of the PDI and AECI are in annexes of the draft standard, indicating the typical values for different road profiles, taking into consideration different lighting classes of roads and usage of different technologies available for the public lighting. This paper deals with the extension of the set of calculations and combinations for which the typical parameter values PDI and AECI are calculated. The main condition for creation of the scales of energy classes it is to have sufficiently large representative sample of model calculations. The main aim of the paper is to propose a scales of energy classes, which will serve as a global comparative model similar to the energy performance of buildings

Vliv hustoty výpočetní sítě na výsledné fotometrické parametre ve veřejném osvětlení

Calculation and measurement of performance parameters of public lighting are performed in a grid of points defined by the CIE publication 140 [1] and European standard EN 13201-3.[2] Calculation grid defined in these documents was created at a time of less powerful computers and less precise measuring technology. Distance between two adjacent calculating points may be even 3 m, depending on the geometry of the road. This arrangement is too sparse in view of the fact that presently used computers can cope with much more denser grids in a shorter operation time and the measurement can be performed by luminance analyzers with more accuracy as well. Between the results of the calculation with different grid densities of calculation points there can be significant differences. This fact can be influenced by new optical systems and some LED luminaires which, as it was found out by measurements, may contain various local extremes in the LIDC. When calculating the performance parameters of public lighting with given grid density these extremes may fall between calculation points and thus they are not included in the calculation. The solution is to propose a new density of calculation points which would be designed with respect to current possibilities of computer and measuring technology. The paper deals with the influence of grid density to the resulting photometric parameters of public lighting. In computing software, calculation grid of points according to EN 13201-3 and calculation grid with half and 2 to 10-times densification of calculation points will be used in order to capture the impact of given local extremes to the resulting parameters using luminaires with different optical systems. The results of these calculations will be used as the basis to determine an appropriate density of calculation and measurement grid. The results will be used in the preparation of future revisions of normative documents, which provide a method for determining points of calculation and measurement grid