La prise en charge des patients en traumatologie : validation de l'intérêt d'une approche standardisée en odontologie pédiatrique

Les traumatismes dentaires font partie des urgences vraies en odontologie pédiatrique et nécessitent une prise en charge rigoureuse dès la consultation d'urgence. Le praticien est face à un défi esthétique et fonctionnel, sur un jeune patient en croissance, avec pour objectif principal de conserver la dent. En milieu hospitalo-universitaire, les intervenants sont multiples avec différents niveaux d'expérience dans la prise en charge de ces traumatismes. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'élaborer une fiche standardisée de traumatologie clinique en vue d'améliorer le recueil des données cliniques et donc la prise en charge de nos jeunes patients. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur l'étude de la littérature disponible sur le sujet ainsi que de notre expérience lors de la mise en place d'un premier protocole dans notre département d'odontologie pédiatrique de l'hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP. La faiblesse relative des études ne nous permet pas de conclure de façon formelle à l'indication systématique d'un recueil standardisé des données lors d'un traumatisme dentaire. Cependant, les résultats encourageants des auteurs, ainsi que la perspective de pouvoir mener des études de plus grande ampleur grâce à une méthode commune de recueil des données, nous encouragent à poursuivre notre démarche

Production of a reference material for seawater pHT measurements by a National Metrology Institute

International audienceMeasurements of seawater pH on the total scale, noted pHT, contribute to the assessment of ocean acidification and its impact on the marine environment if a sufficient data quality is achieved. In order to achieve this, reference materials known as TRIS buffers (equimolal buffer of 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS) and TRIS hydrochloride (TRIS.HCl) in artificial seawater of salinity 35) have been developed and commercialised in the last decades. This paper describes, for the first time, the production of this reference material according to the ISO guide 35 and ISO standard 17034 guidelines that includes a thorough uncertainty budget evaluation carried out following the Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). Characterization with Harned Cell at three temperatures as well as homogeneity and long-term stability assessments were performed and taken into account in the final uncertainty budget. The global standard uncertainty budget of the produced reference material for seawater pHT measurements is of 0.0025, 0.0024 and 0.0022 at, respectively, 15°C, 25°C and 30°C for a shelf life of six months. The level of uncertainty obtained meets the requirements of the "climate" quality objective requested by the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) for the monitoring of ocean acidification

Toward Unified pH of Saline Solutions

Fluctuations of pH in coastal systems are generally surveyed through potentiometric pH measurements. A new concept of a unified pH scale was introduced with the great advantage of enabling comparability of absolute values, pHabs, pertaining to any medium. Using water as an anchor solvent, yielding pHabsH2O, enables referencing the pHabs values to the conventional aqueous pH scale. The current work aims at contributing to implement pHabsH2O to saline solutions. To this purpose, differential potentiometric measurements, with a salt bridge of ionic liquid [N2225][NTf2], were carried out aiming at overcoming problems related to residual liquid junction potentials that affect the quality of such measurements. The ability to measure pHabsH2O with acceptable uncertainty was evaluated using Tris-Tris·HCl standard buffer solutions prepared in a background matrix close to the characteristics of estuarine systems (salinity of 20) as well as with NaCl solutions with ionic strength between 0.005 and 0.8 mol kg−1. The present study shows that for high ionic strength solutions, such as seawater, challenges remain when addressing the assessment and quantification of ocean acidification in relation to climate change. Improvements are envisaged from the eventual selection of a more adequate ionic liquid

Inter-laboratory comparison on a reference material for seawater spectrophotometric pH T measurements

International audienceReference materials, as well as inter-laboratory comparisons (ILCs), are two essential metrology principles allowing the validation and evaluation of a measurement method. This paper describes the use of a reference material for seawater pH(T) measurements in an inter-laboratory comparison carried out with the French coastal observation service SOMLIT, and laboratories within the project CocoriCO(2). The interpretation of the ILC results demonstrated the capability of the spectrophotometric measurement method to provide compatible results with the reference value. The ILC data also allowed the estimation of an uncertainty budget of the spectrophotometric pH(T) measurement method following the ISO standard 21748 guidelines. The estimated standard uncertainty of the method is of 0.0046 in terms of pH(T). This level of uncertainty doesn't meet the requirements of the "climate" quality objective of the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network for the monitoring of ocean acidification. However, some recommendations that may allow reducing this uncertainty are proposed in the paper