3,655 research outputs found
Secure and Internet-Less Connectivity to a Blockchain Network for Limited Connectivity Bank Users
Over the past few years, we have seen the emergence of a wide range of banking architectures, technologies, and applications made possible by the significant improvements in hardware, software, and networking technologies. Nowadays, innovative solutions are being developed by banks to leverage the benefits of blockchain, to improve their business agility and performance, and to make their business operations more efficient and secure. However, there are still cases where regular access to Internet is impossible or unreliable due to saturated networks or harsh environments, hence limiting the deployment of typical blockchain based solutions. In this context, an approach using a new connectivity technology is needed in order to increase mobile Internet services for any device to reach nearly 95% of the world population, instantly, simply by drawing on existing mobile phone networks, with no additional infrastructure development. We aim to give the user full bank access from their device, even if the device is not a smart one, using ordinary mobile phone networks. However, providing efficient and secure communications over lossy and low bandwidth networks remains a challenge. The main objective of this paper will be to design an end-to-end and low overhead secure solution for the communications between mobile devices and their corresponding remote application servers that using blockchain via ordinary mobile networks
Basic tasks of sentiment analysis
Subjectivity detection is the task of identifying objective and subjective
sentences. Objective sentences are those which do not exhibit any sentiment.
So, it is desired for a sentiment analysis engine to find and separate the
objective sentences for further analysis, e.g., polarity detection. In
subjective sentences, opinions can often be expressed on one or multiple
topics. Aspect extraction is a subtask of sentiment analysis that consists in
identifying opinion targets in opinionated text, i.e., in detecting the
specific aspects of a product or service the opinion holder is either praising
or complaining about
CDK-dependent nuclear localization of B-Cyclin Clb1 promotes FEAR activation during meiosis I in budding yeast
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are master regulators of the cell cycle in eukaryotes. CDK activity is regulated by the presence, post-translational modification and spatial localization of its regulatory subunit cyclin. In budding yeast, the B-cyclin Clb1 is phosphorylated and localizes to the nucleus during meiosis I. However the functional significance of Clb1's phosphorylation and nuclear localization and their mutual dependency is unknown. In this paper, we demonstrate that meiosis-specific phosphorylation of Clb1 requires its import to the nucleus but not vice versa. While Clb1 phosphorylation is dependent on activity of both CDK and polo-like kinase Cdc5, its nuclear localization requires CDK but not Cdc5 activity. Furthermore we show that increased nuclear localization of Clb1 during meiosis enhances activation of FEAR (Cdc Fourteen Early Anaphase Release) pathway. We discuss the significance of our results in relation to regulation of exit from meiosis I
Liquid Polymorphism and Double Criticality in a Lattice Gas Model
We analyze the possible phase diagrams of a simple model for an associating
liquid proposed previously. Our two-dimensional lattice model combines
oreintati onal ice-like interactions and \"{}Van der Waals\"{} interactions
which may be repulsive, and in this case represent a penalty for distortion of
hydrogen bonds in the presence of extra molecules. These interactions can be
interpreted in terms of two competing distances, but not necessarily soft-core.
We present mean -field calculations and an exhaustive simulation study for
different parameters which represent relative strength of the bonding
interaction to the energy penalty for its distortion. As this ratio decreases,
a smooth disappearance of the doubl e criticality occurs. Possible connections
to liquid-liquid transitions of molecul ar liquids are suggested
Stochastic Gravity: Theory and Applications
Whereas semiclassical gravity is based on the semiclassical Einstein equation
with sources given by the expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of
quantum fields, stochastic semiclassical gravity is based on the
Einstein-Langevin equation, which has in addition sources due to the noise
kernel.In the first part, we describe the fundamentals of this new theory via
two approaches: the axiomatic and the functional. In the second part, we
describe three applications of stochastic gravity theory. First, we consider
metric perturbations in a Minkowski spacetime: we compute the two-point
correlation functions for the linearized Einstein tensor and for the metric
perturbations. Second, we discuss structure formation from the stochastic
gravity viewpoint. Third, we discuss the backreaction of Hawking radiation in
the gravitational background of a quasi-static black hole.Comment: 75 pages, no figures, submitted to Living Reviews in Relativit
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Reduction of Thermal Conductivity in Wafer-Bonded Silicon
Blocks of silicon up to 3-mm thick have been formed by directly bonding stacks of thin wafer chips. These stacks showed significant reductions in the thermal conductivity in the bonding direction. In each sample, the wafer chips were obtained by polishing a commercial wafer to as thin as 36 {micro}m, followed by dicing. Stacks whose starting wafers were patterned with shallow dots showed greater reductions in thermal conductivity. Diluted-HF treatment of wafer chips prior to bonding led to the largest reduction of the effective thermal conductivity, by approximately a factor of 50. Theoretical modeling based on restricted conduction through the contacting dots and some conduction across the planar nanometer air gaps yielded fair agreement for samples fabricated without the HF treatment
Stochastic Gravity: Theory and Applications
Whereas semiclassical gravity is based on the semiclassical Einstein equation
with sources given by the expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of
quantum fields, stochastic semiclassical gravity is based on the
Einstein-Langevin equation, which has in addition sources due to the noise
kernel. In the first part, we describe the fundamentals of this new theory via
two approaches: the axiomatic and the functional. In the second part, we
describe three applications of stochastic gravity theory. First, we consider
metric perturbations in a Minkowski spacetime, compute the two-point
correlation functions of these perturbations and prove that Minkowski spacetime
is a stable solution of semiclassical gravity. Second, we discuss structure
formation from the stochastic gravity viewpoint. Third, we discuss the
backreaction of Hawking radiation in the gravitational background of a black
hole and describe the metric fluctuations near the event horizon of an
evaporating black holeComment: 100 pages, no figures; an update of the 2003 review in Living Reviews
in Relativity gr-qc/0307032 ; it includes new sections on the Validity of
Semiclassical Gravity, the Stability of Minkowski Spacetime, and the Metric
Fluctuations of an Evaporating Black Hol
Entanglement generation outside a Schwarzschild black hole and the Hawking effect
We examine the Hawking effect by studying the asymptotic entanglement of two
mutually independent two-level atoms placed at a fixed radial distance outside
a Schwarzschild black hole in the framework of open quantum systems. We treat
the two-atom system as an open quantum system in a bath of fluctuating
quantized massless scalar fields in vacuum and calculate the concurrence, a
measurement of entanglement, of the equilibrium state of the system at large
times, for the Unruh, Hartle-Hawking and Boulware vacua respectively. We find,
for all three vacuum cases, that the atoms turn out to be entangled even if
they are initially in a separable state as long as the system is not placed
right at the even horizon. Remarkably, only in the Unruh vacuum, will the
asymptotic entanglement be affected by the backscattering of the thermal
radiation off the space-time curvature. The effect of the back scatterings on
the asymptotic entanglement cancels in the Hartle-Hawking vacuum case.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, Revte
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