USE OF COMBINATION OF FLUORESCENT PROBES TO IDENTIFY SPERM SUBPOPULATIONS FOR QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF FRESH AND CRYOPRESERVED CANINE SEMEN. PRELIMINARY RESULTS

The use of fluorescent markers in the evaluation of sperm morphophysiology allows a better accuracy, compared to the subjective nature of some routine tests in semen qualification. In this study was used the combination of fluorescence probes: propionate iodide, Hoechst 33342 and FITC-PSA in fresh and thawed dog semen, to the identification of the following morphological subpopulations: II (intact plasma and acrosomal membranes), IL (intact plasma membrane and lesioned acrosomal membrane), LI (lesioned plasma membrane and intact acrosomal membrane) and LL (both membranes lesioned). When comparing the results obtained with the results of the tests used conventionally in semen evaluation (sperm motility and vigor, hypoosmotic test and morphological alterations), little correlation was observed. The II population declined from fresh semen to thawed, while LL population increased (p <0.05). The IL population was composed of extremely small numbers of cells but increased (p <0.05) from fresh semen to thawed semen. In the thawed semen the major defects had a positive correlation with the LL population (p <0.01). For the thawed semen, the results of the hypoosmotic test (number of cells that reacted to the medium) correlated positively with population II (p <0.025), that is, different from that observed in fresh semen. Although all tests were able to detect decrease in sperm quality post-thawing (p <0.05). The use of this fluorescent probe association allowed qualification and more accurately quantification of plasma membrane and acrosomal insults mediated by cryopreservation. El uso de marcadores fluorescentes en la evaluación de la morfofisiología espermática permite una mayor precisión, comparada con la naturaleza subjetiva de algunas pruebas de rutina en la valoración del semen. En este estudio se usó la combinación de pruebas fluorescentes: yoduro de propidio; Hoechst 33342 y FITC-PSA en semen fresco y descongelado de perro, para la identificación de las siguientes subpoblaciones morfológicas: II (membranas plasmática y acrosomal intactas), IL (membrana plasmática intacta y membrana acrosomal dañada), LI (membrana plasmática dañada y membrana acrosomal intacta) y LL (ambas membranas dañadas). Cuando se comparan los resultados obtenidos con los resultados de las pruebas usadas convencionalmente en la evaluación seminal (motilidad y vigor espermáticos, prueba hipoosmótica y alteraciones morfológicas), se observó poca correlación. La población II disminuyó desde el semen fresco al descongelado, mientras que la población LL se incrementó (p<0.05). la población IL estuvo compuesta por un número extremadamente pequeño de células, pero incremento (p<0.05) desde el semen fresco al descongelado. En el semen descongelado los defectos mayores tuvieron una correlación positiva con la población LL (p<0.01). En el semen descongelado, los resultados de la prueba hipoosmótica (número de células que reaccionan al medio) se correlacionaron positivamente con la población II (p<0.05). El uso de esta asociación de pruebas fluorescentes permitió la valoración y la cuantificación más precisa de los daños a la membrana plasmática y acrosomal mediados por la criopreservación.

Analyzing and Modeling Real-World Phenomena with Complex Networks: A Survey of Applications

The success of new scientific areas can be assessed by their potential for contributing to new theoretical approaches and in applications to real-world problems. Complex networks have fared extremely well in both of these aspects, with their sound theoretical basis developed over the years and with a variety of applications. In this survey, we analyze the applications of complex networks to real-world problems and data, with emphasis in representation, analysis and modeling, after an introduction to the main concepts and models. A diversity of phenomena are surveyed, which may be classified into no less than 22 areas, providing a clear indication of the impact of the field of complex networks.Comment: 103 pages, 3 figures and 7 tables. A working manuscript, suggestions are welcome

Terminação de tourinhos Limousin X Nelore em pastagem diferida de Brachiaria Decumbens stapf, durante a estação seca, alimentados com diferentes concentrados Finishing Limousin X Nelore young bulls in Brachiaria decumbens stapf postponed pasture, during dry season, fed different concentrates

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar o efeito do fornecimento de suplementos sobre o desempenho de 40 tourinhos F1 Limousin X Nelore, em fase de terminação, inicialmente com 17 meses de idade e 367 kg de peso, em pastagem diferida de Brachiaria decumbens. Foram testados cinco tratamentos; em um deles os animais receberam apenas mistura mineral; nos outros quatro, os animais receberam concentrados constituídos por 1,49% de mistura mineral, 1,99% de uréia e diferentes proporções de milho quebrado, farelo de soja e farelo de trigo, com média de 24% de proteína bruta na matéria seca e diferentes teores de carboidratos não-fibrosos e de fibra em detergente neutro. Os concentrados foram fornecidos ad libitum em quantidades equivalentes, em matéria original, a 1% dos pesos dos animais. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições. Estudou-se, também, a influência de características do relvado sobre o GPD dos animais suplementados. Os resultados demonstraram que a terminação de bovinos para abate precoce, entre 22 e 24 meses de idade, em pastagens tropicais durante a época seca, é tecnicamente viável com a utilização de suplementos. Os animais suplementados apresentaram ganhos de peso (GPD) semelhantes entre si e superiores aos dos animais não-suplementados, em média, respectivamente, 915 e 104 g/dia. No mês de setembro, os animais não-suplementados perderam, em média, 292 g/dia. O GPD dos animais suplementados correlacionou-se linear e negativamente com disponibilidade de forragem morta e linear e positivamente com disponibilidade de forragem verde e com as seguintes razões: forragem verde/forragem morta, forragem verde/forragem disponível, folha verde/(caule verde + material morto) e folha verde/forragem disponível.<br>The experiment was performed to determine the supplements effects in the animal performance of forty crossbred Limousin-Nelore young bulls, aging 17 months and 367 kg average live weight, in Brachiaria decumbens postponed pasture, and during the dry season. The animals were distributed in five treatments: T1, control, the animals received only mineral complex; and the others were constituted by 1.49% of mineral complex, 1.99% of urea, and cracked corn, soybean meal and wheat bran in different percentages. The treatments had 24% crude protein of the dry matter, and different non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. The concentrates were offered in amount equivalent to 1% of animal live weight on original matter basis. The experiment was analyzed in completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications. The influence of pasture characteristics over the supplemented animals performances were studied. The results showed that young bulls can be finished on tropical pastures during dry season using supplements. The animals with supplements exhibited similar average daily gains (ADG), but showed higher ADG than the control animals, respectively, 915 and 104 g/d. In September, the control animals loosed 292 g/d. ADG was linearly and negatively correlated with availability of dead forage dry matter, and it was linearly and positively correlated with availability of green forage dry matter, and availability of green forage dry matter/dead forage dry matter ratio, green forage dry matter/total forage dry matter ratio, green leaf dry matter/dead forage dry matter plus green stem dry matter ratio, and green leaf dry matter/total forage dry matter ratio