1,355 research outputs found
An extended kinetic model-based correction factor equation to account hemodialysis post-treatment hemoconcentration
The hemoconcentration effect for middle weight solutes in hemodialysis is corrected by oversimplified methods based on hematocrit changes or distribution volume variations. Here we implemented a variable volume dual pool kinetic model targeted at obtaining a precise correction factor equation for extracellularly distributed solutes based on relevant kinetic parameters such as the ultrafiltration to dry weight ratio UF/DW, the dialyzer clearance, Kd, the intercompartment mass-transfer coefficient, Kc, and the central compartment to extracellular volume ratio, α. More than 300,000 solutions of the model were computed, performing a sweep among physiological values of the proposed kinetic parameters, resulting in a linear regression denoted by the expression fcorr = 1.0707 - 5.2246 (UF/DW) - 0.0005 Kd - 0.0004 Kc - 0.0007 α, with an excellent coefficient of determination R2 = 0.983. The presented fcorr provides a substantial extension of the currently implemented methods to estimate the hemoconcentration factor for middle and high molecular weight extracellular distributed solutes in hemodialysis
Global Existence of Weak Solutions to the Compressible Primitive Equations of Atmospheric Dynamics with Degenerate Viscosities
We show the existence of global weak solutions to the three-dimensional
compressible primitive equations of atmospheric dynamics with degenerate
viscosities. In analogy with the case of the compressible Navier-Stokes
equations, the weak solutions satisfy the basic energy inequality, the
Bresh-Desjardins entropy inequality and the Mellet-Vasseur estimate. These
estimates play an important role in establishing the compactness of the
vertical velocity of the approximating solutions, and therefore are essential
to recover the vertical velocity in the weak solutions
Exposure to risk and zero accident claims in automobile insurance
Prospective customers of financial and insurance products can be targeted based on the profit the provider expects to earn from them. We present a model for individual expected profit and two alternatives for calculating optimal personalized prices that maximize the expected profit. For one of these alternatives, we obtain a closed-form expression for the price offered to each prospective customer; for the other, we need to use a numerical approximation. In both approaches, the profits generated by prospective customers are not immediately observed, given that the products sold by these companies have a risk component. We assume that willingness to pay is heterogeneous and apply our methodology using real data from a European insurance company. Our study indicates that a substantial boost in profits can be expected when applying the simplest optimal pricing method proposed
Detection of a multi-shell planetary nebula around the hot subdwarf O-type star 2MASS J19310888+4324577
(Abridged) The origin of hot subdwarf O-type stars (sdOs) remains unclear
since their discovery in 1947. Among others, a post-Asymptotic Giant Branch
(post-AGB) origin is possible for a fraction of sdOs. We are involved in a
comprehensive ongoing study to search for and to analyze planetary nebulae
(PNe) around sdOs with the aim of establishing the fraction and properties of
sdOs with a post-AGB origin. We use deep Halpha and [OIII] images of sdOs to
detect nebular emission and intermediate resolution, long-slit optical
spectroscopy of the detected nebulae and their sdO central stars. These data
are complemented with other observations for further analysis of the detected
nebulae. We report the detection of an extremely faint, complex PN around 2MASS
J19310888+4324577 (2M1931+4324), a star classified as sdO in a binary system.
The PN shows a bipolar and an elliptical shell, whose major axes are oriented
perpendicular to each other, and high-excitation structures outside the two
shells. WISE archive images show faint, extended emission at 12 and 22 microns
in the inner nebular regions. The internal nebular kinematics is consistent
with a bipolar and a cylindrical/ellipsoidal shell, in both cases with the main
axis mainly perpendicular to the line of sight. The nebular spectrum only
exhibits Halpha, Hbeta and [OIII]4959,5007 emission lines, but suggests a very
low-excitation ([OIII]/Hbeta = 1.5), in strong contrast with the absence of
low-excitation emission lines. The spectrum of 2M1931+4324 presents narrow,
ionized helium absorptions that confirm the previous sdO classification and
suggest an effective temperature >= 60000 K. The binary nature of 2M1931+4324,
its association with a complex PN, and several properties of the system provide
strong support for the idea that binary central stars are a crucial ingredient
in the formation of complex PNe.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Risk-adjusted impact of administrative costs on the distribution of terminal wealth for long-term investment
The impact of administrative costs on the distribution of terminal wealth is approximated using a simple formula applicable to many investment situations. We show that the reduction in median returns attributable to administrative fees is usually at least twice the amount of the administrative costs charged for most investment funds, when considering a risk-adjustment correction over a reasonably long-term time horizon. The example we present covers a number of standard cases and can be applied to passive investments, mutual funds, and hedge funds. Our results show investors the potential losses they face in performance due to administrative costs
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