3D Airway changes using CBCT in patients following mandibular setback surgery ± maxillary advancement

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149310/1/ocr12291_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149310/2/ocr12291.pd

A clinical pathway for community-acquired pneumonia: an observational cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Six hospitals instituted a voluntary, system-wide, pathway for community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We proposed this study to determine the impact of pathway antibiotics on patient survival, hospital length of stay (LOS), and total hospital cost.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data were collected for adults from six U.S. hospitals with a principal CAP discharge diagnosis code, a chest infiltrate, and medical notes indicative of CAP from 2005-2007. Pathway and non-pathway cohorts were assigned according to antibiotics received within 48 hours of admission. Pathway antibiotics included levofloxacin 750 mg monotherapy or ceftriaxone 1000 mg plus azithromycin 500 mg daily. Multivariable regression models assessed 90-day mortality, hospital LOS, total hospital cost, and total pharmacy cost.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall, 792 patients met study criteria. Of these, 505 (64%) received pathway antibiotics and 287 (36%) received non-pathway antibiotics. Adjusted means and p-values were derived from Least Squares regression models that included Pneumonia Severity Index risk class, patient age, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and admitting hospital as covariates. After adjustment, patients who received pathway antibiotics experienced lower adjusted 90-day mortality (<it>p </it>= 0.02), shorter mean hospital LOS (3.9 vs. 5.0 days, <it>p </it>< 0.01), lower mean hospital costs ($2,485 vs.$3,281, <it>p </it>= 0.02), and similar mean pharmacy costs ($356 vs.$442, <it>p </it>= 0.11).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Pathway antibiotics were associated with improved patient survival, hospital LOS, and total hospital cost for patients admitted to the hospital with CAP.</p

Confrontation of fibroblasts with cancer cells in vitro: Gene network analysis of transcriptome changes and differential capacity to inhibit tumor growth

Background: There is growing evidence that emerging malignancies in solid tissues might be kept under control by physical intercellular contacts with normal fibroblasts. Methods: Here we characterize transcriptional landscapes of fibroblasts that confronted cancer cells. We studied four pairs of in vitro and ex vivo fibroblast lines which, within each pair, differed in their capacity to inhibit cancer cells. The natural process was modeled in vitro by confronting the fibroblasts with PC-3 cancer cells. Fibroblast transcriptomes were recorded by Affymetrix microarrays and then investigated using network analysis. Results: The network enrichment analysis allowed us to separate confrontation- and inhibition-specific components of the fibroblast transcriptional response. Confrontation-specific differences were stronger and were characterized by changes in a number of pathways, including Rho, the YAP/TAZ cascade, NF-kB, and TGF-beta signaling, as well as the transcription factor RELA. Inhibition-specific differences were more subtle and characterized by involvement of Rho signaling at the pathway level and by potential individual regulators such as IL6, MAPK8, MAP2K4, PRKCA, JUN, STAT3, and STAT5A. Conclusions: We investigated the interaction between cancer cells and fibroblasts in order to shed light on the potential mechanisms and explain the differential inhibitory capacity of the latter, which enabled both a holistic view on the process and details at the gene/protein level. The combination of our methods pointed to proteins, such as members of the Rho pathway, pro-inflammatory signature and the YAP1/TAZ cascade, that warrant further investigation via tools of experimental perturbation. We also demonstrated functional congruence between the in vitro and ex vivo models. © 2015 Alexeyenko et al

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Enhanced sensitivity to oxidant-induced micronucleus frequency in elderly individuals is not associated with glutathione S-transferase M1(GSTM1) null genotype in lymphocytes

Background: A large number of studies have demonstrated that various kinds of DNA damage accumulate during aging and that oxidative stress possibly contributes to this process. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) can prevent their possible effects on DNA via detoxification of reactive substances that induced oxidative stress. Objective: To investigate the relationship between GSTM1 polymorphism and DNA sensitivity to oxidative stress with age, we used micronucleus (MN) frequency as a marker of DNA damage in lymphocytes from young and elderly subjects. Methods: This study was performed in 30 young (age range 20-36 years) and 30 elderly (age range 66-87 years) healthy individuals who were chosen on the basis of their GSTM1 genotype ( 15 GSTM1 null and 15 GSTM1 positive for each group). Lymphocytes were cultured after Ficoll isolation and treated for 48 h with a 30-muM dose of cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH), a dose that does not decrease cell viability. Results: There was no significant difference in the MN frequency observed in control cultures from young and elderly individuals. However, the MN frequency in CumOOH-treated cultures was significantly higher in the elderly group than the young group (p < 0.001). No association was found between the GSTM1 phenotype and CumOOH-induced MN frequency. Conclusions: The results suggest that lymphocytes of elderly individuals are more susceptible to in vitro MN induction by CumOOH. However, this difference in susceptibility is not explained by the lack of GSTM1. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel