7 research outputs found

    Análisis citogenéticos como herramienta para esclarecer la taxonomía del género Callisia Loefl. (Commelinaceae)

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    Chromosome numbers, karyotypes and meiotic behaviour in 10 populations belonging to two species of Callisia Loefl. from NortheastArgentina have been studied. Callisia repens showed a basic number of x = 6 and that of C. monandra was x = 7. Both species werediploids and this is the first report of the chromosome numbers for Argentinean populations: C. repens, 2n = 2x = 12 and C. monandra2n = 2x = 14. The karyotype descriptions of C. repens (2 m + 2 sm + 6 st + 2 t) and C. monandra (6 m + 4 sm + 4 st) are also reportedhere for the first time for both species. Chromosomes behaved regularly at meiosis, pair as bivalents and produced viable pollen in theCallisia accessions studied. Chiasmata frequency and distribution are reported and this meiotic analysis constituted a novelty for eachspecies. The information provided in this paper is useful for the cytogenetics diagnosis of the genus and the subtribe and contributeto understand relationships between taxa.Se han analizado los números cromosómicos, los cariotipos y el comportamiento meiótico en 10 poblaciones pertenecientes a dosespecies de Callisia Loefl. provenientes del Nordeste de Argentina. Callisia repens mostró un número básico x = 6 mientras que el deC. monandra fue x = 7. Ambas especies fueron diploides y éste es el primer reporte de los números cromosómicos para poblacionesArgentinas: C. repens, 2n = 2x = 12 y C. monandra 2n = 2x = 14. Las descripciones cariotípicas de C. repens (2 m + 2 sm + 6 st + 2t) y C. monandra (6 m + 4 sm + 4 st) también han sido analizadas por primera vez para ambas especies. En meiosis, los cromosomasse comportaron regularmente, se aparearon como bivalentes y produjeron polen viable en ambas especies de Callisia estudiadas.Se analizó la frecuencia y distribución de quiasmas y este análisis meiótico también constituye una novedad para cada especie. Lainformación que se provee en este trabajo es útil para la diagnosis citogenética del género y la subtribu así como para contribuir a lacomprensión de las relaciones entre los taxa

    Caracterización morfológica y cromosómica de Commelina benghalensis L. (Commelinaceae) de Argentina

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    Commelina benghalensis is a small herb native to tropical Africa and Asia but introduced elsewhere. In America it was found growing at open fields, border of woods and cultivated areas (south USA, Mexico, West Indies, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay) as a weed or invasive plant and its difficult manage causes economic damages in diverse agroecosystems all over the world. Commelina benghalensis was found at a border of Misiones´ forest (Argentina, Misiones Province, Guaraní Departament, El Soberbio, 27º17’54.5’’S; 54º12’19’’W) and classical cytogenetic techniques were applied in order to analyze its genetic system. Commelina benghalensis is a diploid with 2n = 2x = 22 median size chromosomes (4.05 - 6.60 μm) and 55.04 μm/genome. Its karyotype, 8m + 10sm + 4st is unimodal (A2 = 0.14 / R = 1.63) and slightly asymmetrical (A1 = 0.44 / i = 34.75 / r>2 = 0.55) (3A Stebbins category). Chromosome pair No. 11 (st) has a terminal macrosatellite in the short arm and presumably carry the active NOR. Microsporogenesis is normal and produces viable polen grains (>80%). Meiotic behaviour is regular. In PMC at diakinecis / metaphase I, 11 bivalents were observed, mainly rings (92.7%) with distal chiasmata (96.7%) and an average of chiasmata / bivalent = 1.90. The meiotic system in conjuntion with a particular breeding system promotes a high genetic homogeneity, and suggests that this species has coadapted features with adaptative advantages allowing an invader behaviour.Commelina benghalensis es una hierba pequeña, nativa de Africa y Asia tropical, aunque en la actualidad crece en casi todo el mundo. En América se la reporta creciendo en campo abierto, borde de bosques y áreas cultivadas (sur de USA, México, Antillas, Guyana Francesa, Brasil, Bolivia, Paraguay) como maleza o invasora y su difícil control causa pérdidas económicas importantes en diversos agroecosistemas de todo el mundo. Commelina benghalensis fue encontrada en un borde de selva misionera (Argentina, Provincia de Misiones, Departamento Guaraní, El Soberbio, 27º17’54,5’’S; 54º12’19’’W), y se aplicaron técnicas citogenéticas tradicionales para analizar su sistema genético. Commelina benghalensis es diploide con 2n = 2x = 22 cromosomas de tamaño medio (4,05 - 6,60 µm) y 55,04 µm/genoma. Su cariotipo, 8m + 10sm + 4st es unimodal (A2 = 0,14 / R = 1,63) y levemente asimétrico (A1 = 0,44 / i = 34,75 / r>2 = 0,55) (Categoría 3A de Stebbins). El par nº 11 (st) presenta un macrosatélite terminal y constricción secundaria en el brazo corto que posiblemente lleve los NOR activos. La microsporogénesis es normal y produce polen viable (>80%). El comportamiento meiótico es regular. En CMP en diacinesis / metafase I se observan 11 bivalentes, mayormente cerrados (92,7%) con quiasmas distales (96,7%) y un promedio de quiasmas / bivalente = 1,90. Su sistema meiótico junto con un particular sistema reproductivo promueven una alta homogeneidad genética y sugieren caracteres coadaptados que le confieren a esta especie ventajas adaptativas como colonizadoraFil: Grabiele, Mauro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; ArgentinaFil: Honfi, Ana Isabel. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Grabiele, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Daviña, Julio Rubén. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Argentin

    CARACTERIZACION MORFOLOGICA Y CROMOSOMICA DE COMMELINA BENGHALENSIS L. (COMMELINACEAE) DE ARGENTINA

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    Commelina benghalensis is a small herb native to tropical Africa and Asia but introduced elsewhere. In America it wasfound growing at open fields, border of woods and cultivated areas (south USA, Mexico, West Indies, French Guiana,Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay) as a weed or invasive plant and its difficult manage causes economic damages in diverseagroecosystems all over the world. Commelina benghalensis was found at a border of Misiones´ forest (Argentina,Misiones Province, Guaraní Departament, El Soberbio, 27º17’54.5’’S; 54º12’19’’W) and classical cytogenetic techniqueswere applied in order to analyze its genetic system. Commelina benghalensis is a diploid with 2n = 2x = 22 median sizechromosomes (4.05 - 6.60 µm) and 55.04 µm/genome. Its karyotype, 8m + 10sm + 4st is unimodal (A2 = 0.14 / R = 1.63)and slightly asymmetrical (A1 = 0.44 / i = 34.75 / r>2 = 0.55) (3A Stebbins category). Chromosome pair No. 11 (st) hasa terminal macrosatellite in the short arm and presumably carry the active NOR. Microsporogenesis is normal andproduces viable polen grains (>80%). Meiotic behaviour is regular. In PMC at diakinecis / metaphase I, 11 bivalents wereobserved, mainly rings (92.7%) with distal chiasmata (96.7%) and an average of chiasmata / bivalent = 1.90. The meioticsystem in conjuntion with a particular breeding system promotes a high genetic homogeneity, and suggests that thisspecies has coadapted features with adaptative advantages allowing an invader behaviour.Commelina benghalensis es una hierba pequeña, nativa de Africa y Asia tropical, aunque en la actualidad crece en casitodo el mundo. En América se la reporta creciendo en campo abierto, borde de bosques y áreas cultivadas (sur de USA,México, Antillas, Guyana Francesa, Brasil, Bolivia, Paraguay) como maleza o invasora y su difícil control causa pérdidaseconómicas importantes en diversos agroecosistemas de todo el mundo. Commelina benghalensis fue encontrada en unborde de selva misionera (Argentina, Provincia de Misiones, Departamento Guaraní, El Soberbio, 27º17’54,5’’S;54º12’19’’W), y se aplicaron técnicas citogenéticas tradicionales para analizar su sistema genético. Commelina benghalensises diploide con 2n = 2x = 22 cromosomas de tamaño medio (4,05 - 6,60 µm) y 55,04 µm/genoma. Su cariotipo, 8m + 10sm+ 4st es unimodal (A2 = 0,14 / R = 1,63) y levemente asimétrico (A1 = 0,44 / i = 34,75 / r>2 = 0,55) (Categoría 3A deStebbins). El par nº 11 (st) presenta un macrosatélite terminal y constricción secundaria en el brazo corto que posiblementelleve los NOR activos. La microsporogénesis es normal y produce polen viable (>80%). El comportamiento meiótico esregular. En CMP en diacinesis / metafase I se observan 11 bivalentes, mayormente cerrados (92,7%) con quiasmasdistales (96,7%) y un promedio de quiasmas / bivalente = 1,90. Su sistema meiótico junto con un particular sistemareproductivo promueven una alta homogeneidad genética y sugieren caracteres coadaptados que le confieren a estaespecie ventajas adaptativas como colonizadora

    Cytogenetic analyses as clarifying tools for taxonomy of the genus Callisia Loefl. (Commelinaceae)

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    DNA content in South American endemic species of Lathyrus

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    The genome size was surveyed in 13 Notolathyrus species endemic to South America by flow cytometry and analyzed in an evolutionary and biogeographic context. A DNA content variation of 1.7-fold was registered, and four groups of species with different DNA content were determined. Although, the 2C values were correlated with the total chromosome length and intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A1), the karyotype formula remained almost constant. The conservation of the karyotype formula is in agreement with proportional changes of DNA in the chromosome arms. Species with annual life cycle and shorter generation time had the lowest DNA content and the data suggest that changes in DNA content involved reductions of genome size in the perennial to annual transitions. The variation of 2C values was correlated with precipitation of the coldest quarter and, to some extent, with altitude. Additional correlations with other variables were observed when the species were analyzed separately according to the biogeographic regions. In general, the species with higher DNA content were found in more stable environments. The bulk of evidence suggests that changes on genome size would have been one of the most important mechanisms that drove or accompanied the diversification of Notolathyrus species.Fil: Chalup, Laura María Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Grabiele, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Solis Neffa, Viviana Griselda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Seijo, Jose Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentin

    Crop domestication in the upper Madeira River basin

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    Most native Amazonian crops were domesticated in the periphery of the basin. The upper Madeira River basin is an important part of this periphery where several important crops were domesticated and others are suspected to have been domesticated or arrived early. Some of these crops have been reasonably well studied, such as manioc, peanut, peach palm, coca and tobacco, while others are not as well known, such as the hot peppers Capsicum baccatum and C. frutescens, and still others need confirmation, such as cocoyam and annatto. We review the information available for manioc, peach palm, Capsicum, peanut, annatto and cocoyam. The state-of-the-art for Capsicum frutescens, annatto and cocoyam is insufficient to conclude definitively that they were domesticated in the upper Madeira, while all the others have at least one of their origins or centers of diversity in the upper Madeira
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