Formal city vs informal city: from the clandestine neighbourhoods to the concept of UAIG (urban areas of illegal genesis)

Over time, the definitions of formal and informal city have been changed or acquired different meanings in the various fields of human activity. Since the 1950s, the industrialisation and changes in rural practices caused an accelerating mass migration of people from rural areas to major cities, which gave rise to numerous informal settlements on the peripheries of the cities. A large rural migration flows to cities searching for better living conditions. The main goal of this paper is to present the transformations that have occurred in the territory, with a focus on the peripheries of the city of Lisbon with the constructions of clandestine neighbourhoods, demonstrating through a mapping, the evolution of these informal territories in the formal city, to assess how the UAIG (Urban Areas of Illegal Genesis) developed and influenced the transformations and visions of the formal city, and the relationship that people have with the place they inhabit.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

UAIG (Urban Areas of Illegal Genesis) - (re) living to (re) integrate

This ongoing research intends to develop a strategy for the (re) qualification of the public space in the UAIG (Urban Areas of Illegal Genesis), through the introduction of an intervention methodology – collaborative participatory processes. The strategies of intervention in the public space have launched new challenges to research in architecture. In a demanding society with strong participatory and collaborative citizenship, public space increasingly assumes an important role in urban practices. The lack of public space in areas of illegal genesis in Metropolitan Area of Lisbon (MLA), shaped the PhD research question: How public space make UAIG ́s (re) living to (re) integrate it in Lisbon Metropolitan Area dynamics? Participation means the collaboration of people pursuing objectives that they themselves have defined. A public space is one which, in its design and in its use, stimulates a sense of belonging to a wider community beyond the bounds of the strictly private sphere. It is, then, a scenario that fosters contract between difference people mixing uses and meeting place for individual and collective interests. The answer is to adopt methods and instruments that allow the creation of a methodology for the analysis of a great transversality of scales – territory, neighbourhoods and public space. This research aims to contribute to a generic model of good practices applicable to any process of requalification of the urban space of the UAIG.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Thoracic, abdominal and musculoskeletal involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease: CT, MR and PET imaging findings.

BACKGROUND: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis with characteristic radiological and histological features. This entity is defined by a mononuclear infiltrate consisting of lipid-laden, foamy histiocytes that stain positively for CD68 and negatively for CD1a. Osseous involvement is constant and characteristic. Extra-osseous lesions may affect the retroperitoneum, lungs, skin, heart, brain and orbits. METHODS: Both radiography and technetium-99m bone scintigraphy may reveal osteosclerosis of the long bones, which is a typical finding in ECD. For visceral involvement, computed tomography (CT) is most useful, while magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is more sensitive for cardiovascular lesions; 2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scanning is useful in assessing the extension of ECD lesions. RESULTS: The prognosis is extremely variable and is often worse when there is cardiovascular system involvement. Diagnosis is based on the combination of radiographic, CT, MR imaging and nuclear medicine features and a nearly pathognomonic immunohistochemical profile. CONCLUSION: The aims of this work are to perform a systematic review of Erdheim-Chester disease as seen on imaging of the chest, abdomen and musculoskeletal system and to discuss the diagnostic workup and differential diagnoses according to the imaging presentation. Teaching points • Bone involvement is usually present in patients, and the imaging findings are pathognomonic of ECD. • The circumferential periaortic infiltration may extend to its branches, sometimes becoming symptomatic. • Cardiac involvement-the pericardium, right atrium and auriculoventricular sulcus-worsens its prognosis. • Perirenal infiltration extending to the proximal ureter is highly suggestive of this disease

Análise preliminar da exploração florestal no Centro-sul do Brasil.

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The elaboration of indices to assess biological water quality. A case study

Here we tested the application of a nodal analysis for the elaboration of biotic indices for particular stressing conditions. The work was carried out in an intermittent Mediterranean stream where superficial flow was absent during summer. The river was perturbed by an effluent with high pH, sulphates, nitrates and conductivity. "Summer" and "winter" samples were treated separately. We first identified groups of sites differing in taxonomical composition by cluster analysis. Then we tested whether groups of sites also differed in their abiotic characteristics. In the following step, groups of cooccurring taxa were also identified by cluster analysis. The indicator value of a taxa group was measured by fidelity measurements for site groups. Indicator taxa were incorporated in a water quality table. The biotic index in the water quality table clearly discriminated impacted from reference sites in the two following years and was correlated with the first axis of a correspondence analysis biplot which also discriminated impacted from clean sites. We suggest that nodal analysis can be a reliable technique for the identification of bioindicators and the elaboration of biotic indices.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V73-3SX5H1V-F/1/2ddcd6137e173976c270b458bbb4c99

Percepção dos professores sobre a influência da alergia no comportamento e desempenho cognitivo das crianças em idade escolar

Os sintomas de rinite alérgica são os mais referidos pelos professores, seguidos das manifestações dermatológicas, sendo apontado como causas principais as alterações ambientais e mudanças de temperatura, nomeadamente no início da Primavera. Segundo a percepção dos professores, cerca de 20% das crianças não possuem diagnóstico clínico; quando há, a maioria é feita pelo Médico de Família e em menor percentagem pelos Médicos Alergologistas e Dermatologistas. O recurso profiláctico à vacinação é o método mais frequente; em segundo lugar a medicação por via oral e tópica. A maioria dos professores respondeu haver boa colaboração entre eles e os familiares. Consideraram ainda que a maioria das escolas e habitações dos alunos estão localizadas em zonas pouco poluídas, embora uma diminuta percentagem refira existirem explorações agro-pecuárias nas proximidades. A maioria das construções é recente e bem conservada, com uma boa relação de espaço por pessoa; contudo, algu mas delas apresentam sinais de humidades e bolores. Maioritariamente os professores afirmam que estes alunos brincam normalmente e são estudiosos, embora 30% refiram que muitos deles apresentam comportamentos apáticos, alterações de sono, baixa capacidade de concentração e resistência ao esforço. Este estudo vai ao encontro de outros autores que referem ser esta patologia capaz de influenciar capacidades cognitivas e comportamentais dos alunos

Análise do aproveitamento econômico do resíduo florestal.

Através de dados de pesquisas existentes sobre o conteúdo de nutrientes em resíduos florestais de Eucalyptus e Pinus, investigou-se a vantagem econômica da utilização dos resíduos, como energia ou como reciclagem de nutrientes no solo. Os resultados mostraram que o emprego dos resíduos florestais como energia se apresenta mais econômico, compensando, inclusive, a reposição de nutrientes através da adubação química. O baixo valor da equivalência da fitomassa em nutrientes, em relação ao de sua transformação em energia, e a proporção desfavorável dos preços de fertilizantes para o preço de energia, foram os principais fatores que afetaram essa economicidade

Percepções dos professores sobre a influência da alergia nos comportamentos e desempenho cognitivo das crianças em idade escolar

Estudos realizados pela Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica (SPAIC) em 1998 apontam para uma prevalência de rinite alérgica de 9,55% na população portuguesa. Neste estudo, pretende-se saber qual a percepção dos Professores do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico sobre o impacto da patologia alérgica em crianças em idade escolar. Foram distribuídos 230 inquéritos em zona rural e urbana, sendo recolhidos 108, elaborados a partir de 10 questões consideradas fundamentais na área da saúde, do ambiente, e de colaboração entre a família e a escola. Os sintomas de rinite alérgica são os mais referidos pelos professores, seguidos das manifestações dermatológicas, sendo apontado como causas principais as alterações ambientais e mudanças de temperatura, nomeadamente no início da Primavera. Segundo a percepção dos professores, cerca de 20% das crianças não possuem diagnóstico clínico; quando há, a maioria é feita pelo Médico de Família e em menor percentagem pelos Médicos Alergologistas e Dermatologistas. O recurso profiláctico à vacinação é o método mais frequente; em segundo lugar a medicação por via oral e tópica. A maioria dos professores respondeu haver boa colaboração entre eles e os familiares. Consideraram ainda que a maioria das escolas e habitações dos alunos estão localizadas em zonas pouco poluídas, embora uma diminuta percentagem refira existirem explorações agro-pecuárias nas proximidades. A maioria das construções é recente e bem conservada, com uma boa relação de espaço por pessoa; contudo, algumas delas apresentam sinais de humidades e bolores. Maioritariamente os professores afirmam que estes alunos brincam normalmente e são estudiosos, embora 30% refiram que muitos deles apresentam comportamentos apáticos, alterações de sono, baixa capacidade de concentração e resistência ao esforço. Este estudo vai ao encontro de outros autores que referem ser esta patologia capaz de influenciar capacidades cognitivas e comportamentais dos alunos.LIBEC/CIFPEC - Unidade de investigação 16/644 da FCT

Bio-guided fractionation of extracts of Geranium robertianum L.: Relationship between phenolic profile and biological activity

Geranium robertianum L. is used in folk medicine and herbalism practice for the treatment of a variety of ailments. Recently, we studied the bioactivity of several aqueous and organic extracts of this plant. In this work, the more active extracts were fractionated and the fractions evaluated for their antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against several human tumor cell lines and non-tumor porcine liver primary cells. Some of the fractions from the acetone extract consistently displayed low EC 50 and GI 50 values and presented the higher contents of total phenolic compounds in comparison to other fractions. The phenolic compounds profile of the fractions was determined. The bio-guided fractionation of the extracts resulted in several fractions with improved bioactivity relative to the corresponding extracts. Their lower compositional complexity allowed the identification of more than two dozen compounds, to the best of our knowledge, so far not reported in G. robertianum.This work was supported by European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI- Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT − Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the projects UID/AGR/04033, UID/AGR/00690/2013 (CIMO) and UID/QUI/00616/2013 (CQ-VR). V.C. Graça, M.I. Dias and L. Barros thank FCT for SFRH/BD/52542/2014, SFRH/BD/84485/2012, and SFRH/BPD/107855/2015 grants, respectively.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio