L'inter-fonctionnalité des équipes de développement de nouveaux produits affecte-t-elle leur performance ?

Les recherches consacrées à la relation inter-fonctionnalité - performance d'un nouveau produit font état de résultats contradictoires. Si le recensement des contingences théoriques affectant cette relation par Troy, Hirunyawipada et Paswan (2008) semble exhaustif, celui des facteurs méthodologiques est partiel. Nous évaluons l'effet de 24 modérateurs, dont 16 sont méthodologiques, qui pourraient affecter la relation entre intégration inter-fonctionnelle et performance du nouveau produit.Inter-fonctionnalité; performance des nouveaux produits; méta-analyse

Pourquoi l’orientation client ne stimule pas nécessairement une gestion des réclamations efficace : le rôle négligé de l’orientation envers les réclamations.

International audienceThis communication addresses how customer orientation can prevent defensive organizational behaviors towards complaints. We argue that prospect theory offers a relevant theoretical framework to address that question. When managers and employees view complaints nega-tively, they are likely to exhibit defensive behaviors towards complaints, which results in an ineffective complaint management. A study conducted with 137 complaint managers show that investments into complaint management do not yield returns if customer orientation does not result in a firm’s orientation toward complaints. Senior management as a critical to play in implementing a complaint orientation of corporate culture.Nous avons recours à la théorie des perspectives pour expliquer comment l’orientation client peut éviter les comportements organisationnels défensifs vis-à-vis des réclamations. Lorsque les managers et les employés ont une conception négative des réclamations, ils développent des comportements défensifs, et cela se traduit par un management inefficace des réclama-tions. Les résultats d’une étude menée auprès de 137 responsables marketing montrent que des efforts en termes de gestion des réclamations sont efficaces si l’orientation client se traduit par une orientation envers les réclamations. Le rôle des managers est important pour favoriser une orientation réclamation dans la culture organisationnelle

An Ecotechnical Alternative: An Embankment of Incinerated Municipal Solid Waste

Incineration seems to be one of the best solutions to solve the problem of household refuse disposal. In compliance with European legislation, part of this incinerated refuse, could be used in public works. The authorities are fully aware of the high economic stakes involved, and this is the reason why they would like to control and define the conditions of use of such incinerated refuse. An innovative alternative is presented in this paper, involving the use of slag from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (I.M.S.W.R.), lightened by the inclusion of old tyres, and strengthened with a layer of geosynthetics, in order to build a retaining wall for a road embankment. With the possibility of seeding the wall facing, the structure can be blended harmoniously into the site. This reinforced structure was monitored in order to check its behavior, especially its thermal behavior

Orientation marché:comment l’aborder et que peut-on réellement en attendre ?

(VF)L’impact positif de l’orientation marché, qui est une orientation stratégique des organisations, sur leur performance est communément admis. Pourtant, certains travaux peinent à observer cet effet. Dans cet article, nous proposons un état des connaissances établies sur ce point : l’orientation marché a-t-elle réellement un impact positif et dans quelles circonstances l’observe-t-on ? Au-delà de sa contribution à la performance commerciale d’une organisation, l’orientation marché contribue- t-elle à sa performance financière ?(VA)The positive effect of market orientation on organizational performance is widely acknowledged. However, several studies fail to produce convincing evidence of such a positive impact. In the present article, we review established knowledge in this field. Does market orientation truly have a positive impact, and under which circumstances one might observe it? Does market orientation also contribute to the firm’s financial performance?Orientation marché;méta analyse; performance;market orientation;meta-analysis.

Characterisation of soils with stony inclusions using geoelectrical measurements

Characterisation and sampling of coarse heterogeneous soils is often impossible using common geotechnical in-situ tests once the soil contains particles with a diameter larger than a few decimetres. In this situation geophysical techniques - and particularly electrical measurements - can act as an alternative method for obtaining information about the ground characteristics. This paper deals with the use of electrical tomography on heterogeneous diphasic media consisting of resistive inclusions embedded in a conductive matrix. The adopted approach articulates in three steps: numerical modelling, measurements on a small-scale physical model, and field measurements. Electrical measurements were simulated using finite element analyses, on a numerical model containing a random concentration of inclusions varying from 0 to 40 %. It is shown that for electrode spacing 8 times greater than the radius of inclusions, the equivalent homogeneous resistivity is obtained. In this condition, average measured resistivity is a function of the concentration of inclusions, in agreement with the theoretical laws. To apply these results on real data, a small-scale physical model has been built, where electrical measurements were conducted both on the model and on each phase. From these laboratory measurements, a very satisfying estimation of the percentage of inclusions has been obtained. Finally, the methodology applied to a real experimental site composed of alluvial fan deposits made of limestone rocks embedded in a clayey matrix. The estimated percentage of rock particles obtained via electrical measurements was in accordance with the real grain size distribution

Real-scale investigation of the kinematic response of a rockfall protection embankment

This paper addresses the response of rockfall protection embankments when exposed to a rock impact. For this purpose, real-scale impact experiments were conducted with impact energies ranging from 200 to 2200 kJ. The structure was composed of a 4m high cellular wall leaned against a levee. The wall was a double-layer sandwich made from gabion cages filled with either stones or a sand–schreddedtyre mixture. For the first time, sensors were placed in different locations within the structure to measure real-time accelerations and displacements. The test conditions, measurement methods and results are presented in detail. The structure’s response is discussed in a descriptive and phenomenological approach and compared with previous real-scale experiments on other types of embankments

Conceber quadros para agir e fazer agir: a atividade de prescrição em uma empresa de horticultura

Essa tese foi desenvolvida no contexto do projeto AgriQuadra [] e aborda a atividade de prescrição em uma empresa do setor hortícola pertencente à um grupo produtor francês. Nós nos interessamos particularmente na atividade de elaboração das prescrições realizadas por supervisores encarregados de prescrever e organizar as tarefas dos trabalhadores de produção (Gotteland-Agostini, 2013). O trabalho dos supervisores do ponto de vista da ergonomia Em ergonomia, muitas pesquisas focaram em mostr..

Diseño de marcos para actuar y hacer actuar: la actividad de prescripción en una empresa hortícola

Esta tesis, desarrollada en el marco del proyecto AgriQuadra [], se refiere a la actividad de prescripción en una empresa del sector hortícola perteneciente a un grupo de productores franceses. Estamos particularmente interesados en la actividad de elaboración de las prescripciones realizadas por supervisores encargados de prescribir y organizar el trabajo de los obreros de producción (Gotteland-Agostini, 2013). El trabajo de los supervisores desde el punto de vista de la ergonomía En ergono..

Impact of ATCO Training and Expertise on Dynamic Spatial Abilities

Dynamic spatial ability is supposed to be involved in a critical process of air traffic controllers, namely conflict detection. The present paper aims at testing whether dynamic spatial ability improves with air traffic control training and/or experience. We designed a laboratory task to assess the performance in predicting if two moving disks would collide or not. We conducted a crosssectional study with four groups of participants : ATCO trainees at the beginning (N=129), middle (N=80) or end of training (N=66) and experienced ATCOs (N=14). Results suggested on one hand that air traffic control training leads to a decrease in the number of extremely high proportions of undetected collisions from the middle of the training. On the other hand, air traffic control operational experience leads to a decrease in the number of extremely high proportions of falsely detected collisions

Honorés à l’égal des dieux et des héros ? La célébration des bienfaiteurs de la démocratie chez les orateurs attiques

Les orateurs attiques célèbrent abondamment les exploits des héros mythiques, figures exemplaires proposées à l’admiration des Athéniens, sans pour autant s’attarder sur les cultes et les sacrifices dont certains d’entre eux font l’objet au sein de l’espace civique. Pour inciter les Athéniens à égaler leurs hauts faits, les discours détaillent en revanche les honneurs qui récompensent les bienfaiteurs de la cité. Certains citoyens distingués par la cité pour leur dévouement à la démocratie jouissent en effet après leur mort d’honneurs exceptionnels qui s’apparentent par bien des aspects à un culte. On étudiera en particulier le cas d’Harmodios et d’Aristogiton ainsi que le sort réservé aux citoyens morts pour la patrie, qui reçoivent des honneurs spécifiques célébrés dans les oraisons funèbres. En analysant précisément ces honneurs et le vocabulaire qui sert à les dépeindre on tentera de déterminer le nouveau statut de ces individus, entre immortalité et héroïsation.Attic orators extensively celebrate the deeds of mythical heroes, exemplary figures offered to the admiration of the Athenians, without dwelling on the cults and sacrifices devoted to them within the civic space. To encourage the Athenians to match their exploits, the speeches emphasize the honors rewarding the benefactors of the city. Some citizens indeed were distinguished by the city for their devotion to democracy and enjoyed after their death exceptional honors which are similar in many ways to a cult. We will study in particular the case of Harmodios and Aristogiton as well as the destiny reserved to citizens who died on the battle-field and received specific honors remembered by the Epitaphioi. By analyzing these honors and the vocabulary used to depict them, we will try to determine the new status of these individuals, between immortality and heroization