22 research outputs found

    CFD simulation of nanofiber-enhanced air filter media

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    The first step in a CFD analysis of filter media flow is to create a computational domain geometry which imitates the simulated media as closely as is practical. The media in the present study combined a relatively flat web of nanofibers with a cellulosic fiber support media. A CFD grid suited to calculating the flow patterns through the cellulosic media structure would be far too coarse to simulate flow around the nanofiber web elements. This scale difference forces some assumption about the interaction between the media layers. Our models are limited to two dimensions, representing cross-sections cut through the media. Our initial studies modeled the nanofiber web alone, on the assumption that the flow around the nanofibers is not greatly influenced by the presence of the downstream cellulosic fibers. Our image-analysis technique samples the distribution of fiber diameters by scribing parallel lines across the image. The diameter of the web element at each line/fiber crossing is tabulated. An estimate is made of the maximum width on the image for which the web element cross-section can be considered circular. We make the assumption that the relatively flat web elements linking round sections have oval cross-sections, all of the same thickness. We found that the distribution of web element widths is “doubly-truncated log-normal”, meaning that both lower and upper limits to the widths exist. This geometry was used with a CFD code to calculate particle capture, and compared to results of tests on the actual media

    Overview of the JET results in support to ITER

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    Características da ingestão de forragem por cordeiras nos estådios fenológicos da pastagem de azevém

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    Foram estudadas as caracterĂ­sticas do processo de ingestĂŁo de forragem por cordeiras em azevĂ©m (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) nos estĂĄdios fenolĂłgicos vegetativo, prĂ©-florescimento e florescimento, por meio de testes de pastejo e da tĂ©cnica da dupla pesagem. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com trĂȘs tratamentos e cinco repetiçÔes no estĂĄdio vegetativo e seis nos demais estĂĄdios. Os diferentes estĂĄdios fenolĂłgicos nĂŁo influenciam a taxa de ingestĂŁo, a massa do bocado e a profundidade de bocado quando a oferta de forragem nĂŁo Ă© limitante ao consumo. O aumento na taxa de bocados Ă© o mecanismo utilizado por cordeiras para manter a taxa de ingestĂŁo constante. Os modelos de regressĂŁo mĂșltipla indicam que, dentre os atributos do pasto, sua altura Ă© o de maior importĂąncia para determinar mudanças no comportamento ingestivo de cordeiras

    Relação entre diferentes caracteres de plantas jovens de seringueira Correlations and regressions studies among juvenile rubber tree characters

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    O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a existĂȘncia e as magnitudes de correlaçÔes e regressĂ”es lineares simples em plĂąntulas jovens de seringueira (Hevea spp.), para melhor condução de seleção nos futuros trabalhos de melhoramento. Foram utilizadas mĂ©dias de produção de borracha seca por plĂąntulas por corte, atravĂ©s do teste Hamaker-Morris-Mann (P); circunferĂȘncia do caule (CC); espessura de casca (EC); nĂșmero de anĂ©is (NA); diĂąmetro dos vasos (DV); densidade dos vasos laticĂ­leros (D) e distĂąncia mĂ©dia entre anĂ©is de vasos consecutivos (DMEAVC) em um viveiro de cruzamento com trĂȘs anos e meio de idade. Os resultados mostraram, entre outros fatores, que as correlaçÔes lineares simples de P com CC, EC, NA, D, DV e DMEAVC foram, respectivamente, r =t 0,61, 0,34, 0,28, 0,29, 0,43 e -0,13. As correlaçÔes de CC com EC, NA, D, DV e DMEAVC foram: 0,65, 0,22, 0,37, 0,33 e 0,096 respectivamente. Estudos de regressĂŁo linear simples de P com CC, EC, NA, DV, D e DMEAVC sugerem que CC foi o carĂĄter independente mais significativo, contribuindo com 36% da variação em P. Em relação ao vigor, a regressĂŁo de CC com os respectivos caracteres sugere que EC foi o Ășnico carĂĄter que contribuiu significativamente para a variação de CC com 42%. As altas correlaçÔes observadas da produção com circunferĂȘncia do caule e com espessura de casca evidenciam a possibilidade de obter genĂłtipos jovens de boa capacidade produtiva e grande vigor, atravĂ©s de seleção precoce dessas variĂĄveis.<br>This study was undertaken aiming to determine the existence of linear correlations, based on simple regression studies for a better improvement of young rubber tree (Hevea spp.) breeding and selection. The characters studied were: yield of dry rubber per tapping by Hamaker-Morris-Mann test tapping (P), mean gurth (CC), bark thickness (EC), number of latex vessel rings (NA), diameter of latex vesseis (DV), density of latex vesseis per 5mm within rings (D) and distance between latex vesseis rings (DMEAVC) in a three and haif years old nursery. The results showed that among other characters, the correlation values between P and CC, EC, NA, DV, D, DMEAVC were r = 0.61, 0.34, 0.28, 0.29, 0.43 and -0.13 respectively. The correlation coefficients values between CC and EC, NA, DV, D, DMEAVC were: r = 0.65, 0.22, 0.37, 0.33 and 0.096 respectively. Linear simple regression of P with CC, EC, NA, DV, D and DMEAVC suggested that CC was the only important and significant character accounting for 36% of the variation on P. Concerning with vigor, the regression of CC on the same characters suggest that EC was the only important and significant character accounting for 42% of the variation on CC. The high correlation of mean girth with yield and bark thickness showed that it is possible to obtain high yielding young ortets through early selection of these characters
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