Evolução e interação entre a produção e o preço das frutas no Estado do Pará.

As frutas apresentaram consistente superávit, em 2005, de R$32,52 milhões, no comércio interestadual do Pará. A produção se estabilizou no patamar de 1,4 milhões de toneladas e os preços em R$ 160,00 por tonelada, entre 2000 e 2005. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o comportamento das quantidades e dos preços das frutas paraenses, no período de 1985 a 2005. Utilizaram-se o método da taxa de crescimento, a construção de índices de preços e de quantidades e análise de regressão para determinar o crescimento, a evolução e a interação causal entre quantidade e preço. Os resultados mostraram que a produção de frutas cresceu até 1995, depois apresentou tendência de queda até 2000 e, a partir deste ponto, se estabilizou. Os preços apresentaram tendência de queda no período. As frutas extrativas apresentaram baixo coeficiente de elasticidade-preço (0,114), caracterizando a oferta como fortemente inelástica a preço. Conclui-se que a receita bruta das frutas extrativas é fortemente sensível às variações da produção

Dinâmica do mercado de frutas na mesorregião Nordeste paraense no período de 1985-2005: produção e preços.

Na mesorregião Nordeste Paraense, a fruticultura em expansão cria oportunidades direcionadas ao abastecimento das agroindústrias beneficiadoras de polpas de frutas, com significativa participação do município de Tomé-Açu. A análise de mercado com base nos resultados econométricos analisou a dinâmica do mercado frutícola utilizando o modelo de equações simultâneas, ajustado pela técnica do Método Generalizado dos Momentos (MGM). O comportamento do mercado indicou demanda e oferta inelástica a preço e elasticidade renda estadual, apontando significativo incremento na renda do consumidor. Os custos dos salários influenciaram diretamente no volume de produção de frutas na mesorregião. O mercado é promissor, porém há desequilíbrio entre a oferta e a demanda de frutas, com fraco dinamismo de mercado

Características quimico-nutricionais da polpa de Caryocar coriaceum WITTM da região Meio-Norte do Brasil.

A espécie Caryocar coriaceum (pequi) é típica da região Meio-Norte do Brasil e de outras regiões do Nordeste, onde faz parte da sua culinária e do dia-a-dia nordestino. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar características químicas e nutricionais da polpa de pequi, de origem dos Estados do Piauí e Maranhão. As seguintes características foram avaliadas: acidez total titulável (ATT), pH, e percentagens de gordura (GORD), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB) e carboidratos (CT). Os resultados indicam que a variabilidade é bem maior entre indivíduos nas diversas populações que entre populações. Em geral, maiores teores de GORD e FB foram obtidos em indivíduos de populações do Maranhão, ao passo que em PB os maiores foram observados em indivíduos provenientes de populações do Piauí

The Link between General Relativity and Shape Dynamics

We show that one can construct two equivalent gauge theories from a linking theory and give a general construction principle for linking theories which we use to construct a linking theory that proves the equivalence of General Relativity and Shape Dynamics, a theory with fixed foliation but spatial conformal invariance. This streamlines the rather complicated construction of this equivalence performed previously. We use this streamlined argument to extend the result to General Relativity with asymptotically flat boundary conditions. The improved understanding of linking theories naturally leads to the Lagrangian formulation of Shape Dynamics, which allows us to partially relate the degrees of freedom.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, no figure

Radiative Corrections to the Aharonov-Bohm Scattering

We consider the scattering of relativistic electrons from a thin magnetic flux tube and perturbatively calculate the order $\alpha$, radiative correction, to the first order Born approximation. We show also that the second order Born amplitude vanishes, and obtain a finite inclusive cross section for the one-body scattering which incorporates soft photon bremsstrahlung effects. Moreover, we determine the radiatively corrected Aharonov-Bohm potential and, in particular, verify that an induced magnetic field is generated outside of the flux tube.Comment: 14 pages, revtex, 3 figure

On the Nonabelian Aharonov Bohm Scattering of Spinless Particles

The Aharonov Bohm scattering for spinless, isospin 1/2, particles interacting through a nonabelian Chern-Simons field is studied. Starting from the relativistic quantum field theory and using a Coulomb gauge formulation, the one loop renormalization program is implemented. Through the introduction of an intermediary cutoff, separating the regions of high and low integration momentum, the nonrelativistic limit is derived. The next to leading relativistic approximation is also determined. In this approach quantum field theory vacuum polarization effects are automatically incorporated.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, revtex. Misspelled reference corrected and new references adde

Fate of conjugated natural and synthetic steroid estrogens in crude sewage and activated sludge batch studies

This document is the unedited author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Environmental Science & Technology, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es801952h.Steroids are excreted from the human body in the conjugated form but are present in sewage influent and effluent as the free steroid, the major source of estrogenic activity observed in water courses. The fate of sulfate and glucuronide conjugated steroid estrogens was investigated in batch studies using activated sludge grown on synthetic sewage in a laboratory-scale Husmann simulation and crude sewage from the field. A clear distinction between the fate of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates was observed in both matrices, with sulfated conjugates proving more recalcitrant and glucuronide deconjugation preferential in crude sewage. For each conjugate, the free steroid was observed in the biotic samples. The degree of free steroid formation was dependent on the conjugate moiety, favoring the glucuronide. Subsequent degradation of the free steroid (and sorption to the activated sludge solid phase) was evaluated. Deconjugation followed the first order reaction rate with rate constants for 17α-ethinylestradiol 3-glucuronide, estriol 16α-glucuronide, and estrone 3-glucuronide determined as 0.32, 0.24, and 0.35 h respectively. The activated sludge solid retention time over the range of 3−9 days had 74 to 94% of sulfate conjugates remaining after 8 h. In contrast, a correlation between increasing temperature and decreasing 17α-ethinylestradiol 3-glucuronide concentrations in the activated sludge observed no conjugate present in the AS following 8 h at 22 °C Based on these batch studies and literature excretion profiles, a hypothesis is presented on which steroids and what form (glucuronide, sulfate, or free) will likely enter the sewage treatment plant.EPSR

A 27-year review of mergers and acquisitions research in 27 leading management journals

This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on mergers and acquisitions (M&As) by providing a systematic review of over 500 academic articles across 27 management journals over a 27-year time frame. There appears to be a mixture of empirical and conceptual articles, with a larger proportion being empirical but an increasing number leaning towards a conceptual nature. Our findings show that most studies follow a quantitative approach and use large samples, mostly originating from existing databases. There is an emergence of thematic areas related to the strategic factors influencing M&As, but with the human dimension, gaining increasing attention over time.authorsversionpublishe

Influence of operating parameters on the biodegradation of steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds during biological wastewater treatment processes

This document is the unedited author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Environmental Science & Technology, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es901612v.This study investigated operational factors influencing the removal of steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds in two sewage treatment works, one a nitrifying/denitrifying activated sludge plant and the other a nitrifying/denitrifying activated sludge plant with phosphorus removal. Removal efficiencies of >90% for steroid estrogens and for longer chain nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP4−12EO) were observed at both works, which had equal sludge ages of 13 days. However, the biological activity in terms of milligrams of estrogen removed per day per tonne of biomass was found to be 50−60% more efficient in the nitrifying/denitrifying activated sludge works compared to the works which additionally incorporated phosphorus removal. A temperature reduction of 6 °C had no impact on the removal of free estrogens, but removal of the conjugated estrone-3-sulfate was reduced by 20%. The apparent biomass sorption (LogKp) values were greater in the nitrifying/denitrifying works than those in the nitrifying/denitrifying works with phosphorus removal for both steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds possibly indicating a different cell surface structure and therefore microbial population. The difference in biological activity (mg tonne−1 d−1) identified in this study, of up to seven times, suggests that there is the potential for enhancing the removal of estrogens and nonylphenols if more detailed knowledge of the factors responsible for these differences can be identified and maximized, thus potentially improving the quality of receiving waters.Public Utilities Board (Singapore), Anglian Water Ltd, Severn Trent Water Ltd, Thames Water Utilities Ltd, United Utilities 393 Plc and Yorkshire Water Services

Coleta de germoplasma da aveia no Sul do Brasil - 1a. expedição.

bitstream/item/90528/1/1714-Coleta-de-germoplasma-de-aveia.pd