Evaluation of business travel as a potential customer field of a local AAM market

Several studies examine Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) demand focusing on commuting and airport shuttle trips at this moment. Little activities are concentrating on business travel in general nor for AAM demand in special. Business travel as a generic term for any corporate purposed transport consists of four categories: Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE). Every business traffic comes along with its own character which has to be considered when modelling. After the transport generation based on their travel purpose and location, a discrete choice model evaluates different modes of transport to determine the market share for AAM. As business travel is expected to have a greater value of time, the modal share of AAM is anticipated be higher compared to more cost-sensitive use cases such as commuting. On the other hand, however, the market size of the overall business traffic could weaken this group of potential AAM passengers. In the field of this poorly investigated demand share, this approach presents a possibility of modeling local business traffic. Furthermore, this study assumes an adopted AAM mode of transport for this passenger group, which helps to understand the characteristics of future AAM demand

An explanatory approach to modeling the fleet assignment in the global air transportation system

Airlines’ fleet assignment heavily affects the economic and ecological performance of the global air transportation system (ATS). Consequently, it is inevitable to include potential changes of the fleet assignment when modeling and assessing future global ATS scenarios. Therefore, this article presents a novel explanatory approach to modeling the fleet assignment in the global ATS. The presented approach is based on formulating and solving an optimization problem, which describes the fleet assignment in the ATS through a suitable combination of objective function and constraints. While the objective function combines both the airline and the passenger perspective on the fleet assignment, the constraints include additional operational and technological aspects. In comparison to the available global fleet assignment models in the literature, which rely on statistical approaches, the advantages of the presented approach via an optimization problem lie in the overall scenario capability and the consideration of explicit aircraft types instead of simplifying seat categories. To calibrate and validate our model, we use 10 years of historic flight schedule data. The results underline the strengths and weaknesses of the presented approach and indicate potential for future improvement

On Key Parameters for the Attractiveness of On-Demand Inter-City Air Mobility

In this paper, we present a globally applicable approach for estimating the potential passenger demand for On- Demand Inter-City Air Mobility based on three different use cases. All of these cases are concerned with pas- sengers who nowadays travel with conventional airlines, and might choose On-Demand Air Mobility (ODAM) as an alternative mode of travel in future. First, we consider the possibility to complement direct connections on low-demand inter-city routes. Second, we analyse the possibility of replacing multi-stop connections, where the origin and destination airports are within a certain range. Third, we take a look at feeder flights from small or regional airports to bigger hubs and vice versa. The approach is then used for estimating the impact of five parameters on the ODAM market size. These are namely air taxi speed, air taxi range, the set of usable airports, a time offset which is added to the flight time of every trip and the availability of alternate airports. We conduct this investigation for four regions: China, Europe, India, and the US and analyse the differences between the various parameters over the different use cases in these regions. The results show that the potential market size differs widely between regions, use cases and parameters. The largest potential market overall can be identified in Europe with approximately 6.7 million PAX and about 582 Million USD revenue per year. For all regions, in total, complementing direct flights attracts most people to use ODAM as an alternative way of transportation. Considering that the value proposition of ODAM is the reduction of travel time, both technical and operational parameters of air taxis show a high impact on the potential market size. Compared to cars, their advantage lies in the higher speed, whereas the absence of schedule delay is the main advantage compared to conventional air travel

Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV and Aminopeptidase N Target Major Pathogenetic Steps in Acne Initiation

Acne is a chronic disease hallmarked by sebaceous hyperplasia, follicular hyperkeratosis, and inflammation. Parallel targeting of these factors is required to treat acne effectively. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) and aminopeptidase N (APN) show strong anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells and therapeutic efficacy in autoimmune disorders. Our investigation focused on the expression and functional relevance of these ectopeptidases in three cell types which exhibit an altered phenotype in early acne lesions. We showed for the first time expression of DP IV and APN on human sebocytes. In the SZ95 sebocyte cell line, the DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide and the APN inhibitors actinonin and bestatin suppressed proliferation, enhanced terminal differentiation, and slightly decreased total neutral lipid production. The anti-inflammatory and differentiation-restoring cytokine IL-1 receptor antagonist was significantly upregulated in SZ95 sebocytes and the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line in the presence of inhibitors. Furthermore, the inhibitors suppressed proliferation and IL-2 production of Propionibacterium acnes-stimulated T cells ex vivo and enhanced the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor-β1. Our data provide first evidence for a functional role of DP IV and APN in the sebaceous gland apparatus and for their inhibitors, used alone or in combination, as completely new substances possibly affecting acne pathogenesis in a therapeutic manner

Airport2030 - Lösungen für den Lufttransport der Zukunft

Im Flightpath 2050, in der Hightech-Strategie der Bundesregierung und der Strategie des Hamburger Luftfahrtclusters werden Ziele für die Effizienz des Lufttransports hinsichtlich Nachhaltigkeit, Komfort, Reisezeit und Intermodalität benannt. Im Verbundprojekt Airport2030 werden am Beispiel des Flughafen Hamburg ausgewählte Technologien und Maßnahmen zu Flughafenanbindung, Terminalbetrieb, Flughafenprozesssteuerung, Flugzeugkonfigurationen und Bodeninfrastrukturen untersucht und bewertet. Es werden hier ein Überblick über das Verbundprojekt gegeben und ausgewählte Ergebnisse der bisherigen Projektlaufzeit vorgestellt. Das Verbundprojekt Airport2030 bildet den Leuchtturm III innerhalb der Spitzencluster-Förderung des Luftfahrtclusters Metropolregion Hamburg durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung

Дослідження структури порушених відкритою розробкою земель й пошук шляхів вдосконалення рекультивації залишкових виробок кар'єрів

Стаття присвячена дослідженням структури порушених земель, на ділянках з видобутку корисних копалин відкритим способом. Наведено площі порушень земель при розробці основних видів корисних копалин. Проаналізовано ризики, що виникають із несвоєчасною рекультивацією земель гірничого відводу, а також від покинутих гірничих виробок старих кар'єрів. Паралельно розглянуті обсяги відходів гірничого виробництва та їх повторне використання в якості заповнювача для залишкових вироблених просторів кар'єрів.The article is devoted to the research of land violation indicators at the extraction of minerals by surface mining method. Data gives about the land violations area at the mining key minerals. Ana-lyzed the risks from the not-on-time reclamation of the mining clam and abandoned excavations of the old quarries. In parallel considered the volumes of mining wastes and their reuse as aggregate for filling residual spaces of surface mines.Статья посвящена исследованиям площадей нарушения земель, связанных с добычей полезных ископаемых открытым способом. Приведены площади нарушений земель при разработке основных видов полезных ископаемых. Проанализированы риски, представляемые несвоевременной рекультивацией земель горного отвода, а также заброшенными горными выработками старых карьеров. Параллельно рассмотрены объемы отходов горного производства и их повторное использование в качестве заполнителя для остаточных выработанных пространств карьеров

German evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris (short version)

Psoriasis vulgaris is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease which has the potential to significantly reduce the quality of life in severely affected patients. The incidence of psoriasis in Western industrialized countries ranges from 1.5 to 2%. Despite the large variety of treatment options available, patient surveys have revealed insufficient satisfaction with the efficacy of available treatments and a high rate of medication non-compliance. To optimize the treatment of psoriasis in Germany, the Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft and the Berufsverband Deutscher Dermatologen (BVDD) have initiated a project to develop evidence-based guidelines for the management of psoriasis. The guidelines focus on induction therapy in cases of mild, moderate, and severe plaque-type psoriasis in adults. The short version of the guidelines reported here consist of a series of therapeutic recommendations that are based on a systematic literature search and subsequent discussion with experts in the field; they have been approved by a team of dermatology experts. In addition to the therapeutic recommendations provided in this short version, the full version of the guidelines includes information on contraindications, adverse events, drug interactions, practicality, and costs as well as detailed information on how best to apply the treatments described (for full version, please see Nast et al., JDDG, Suppl 2:S1–S126, 2006; or http://www.psoriasis-leitlinie.de)

Estimation of the Market Potential for Supersonic Airliners via Analysis of the Global Premium Ticket Market

This study assesses the global market potential for supersonic airline transportation by evaluating worldwide premium ticket sales figures based on so-called marketing information data tapes (MIDTs). Origin-destination demand data were collected from an internet database and subjected to various processings and additions. After discussing factors of influence regarding market response, the final data files are used to estimate possible future demand for variously sized supersonic airliners

Analyzing global passenger flows based on choice modeling in the air transportation system

Airline passenger decisions determine operation of airlines and aircraft. Therefore, global air transport models need to consider these decisions. Thereby, we develop a discrete choice model for passenger decisions describing global passenger flows based on different parameters. The model distinguishes between passenger itineraries defined by attributes like ticket price, travel time and number of transfers. Additional attributes are added gradually. It is calibrated using schedule and passenger demand data. Hence, based on topological structures of the air transport system, global passenger flows and elasticities can be identified. Additionally, we provide quantified results describing the elasticity of several types of attributes, the values of travel time, the quality of travel and compare them for different regions, itineraries and travel types