Best practices and current implementation of emerging smartphone-based (bio)sensors - Part 2: Development, validation, and social impact

The amalgamation of computer-like capabilities and portability of modern smartphones has fuelled their implementation as detectors and interfaces in emerging smartphone-based (bio)sensors (SbSs) for e.g. healthcare, point-of-need, food safety, environmental science, and forensics systems. SbSs intrinsically carry great potential for consumer diagnostics, and future ‘citizen science’ approaches, which have far-reaching implications for the technological, legal, and ethical aspects associated with the research, development, and deployment of SbSs. In this review (part 2 of a pair of review papers), we evaluated the pertinent literature on issues concerning the development and validation of SbSs, and we address their potential social impact. Finally, insights gleaned are combined in a set of recommendations to guide future ethical, sustainable, and efficient research, development, and deployment of SbSs.</p

A Measure of Quality of Life in Elderly Tourists

This research enriches our knowledge of the tourist market in relation to the elderly, i.e., those age 65 and older and retired. The purpose of the research is to explore the missing link between travel behaviors of the elderly and how they contribute to Quality of Life (QoL). As a result, this study clarifies elderly tourist motivation and also aims to examine the relationship among motivation, constraints, leisure-life domain satisfaction, and overall life satisfaction by generating theoretical and practical implications related to those behaviors. Using a structural equation modeling approach, the research model identifies the relevant relationships among the constructs. The results reveal that motivation positively influences satisfaction with leisure-life domain. However, travel constraints do not affect leisure-life domain satisfaction. In addition, satisfaction with leisure-life domain is linked to overall life satisfaction among the elderly

Suppression of Upsilon production in d plus Au and Au plus Au collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV

We report measurements of Upsilon meson production in p + p, d + Au, and Au + Au collisions using the STAR detector at RHIC. We compare the Upsilon yield to the measured cross section in p + p collisions in order to quantify any modifications of the yield in cold nuclear matter using d + Au data and in hot nuclear matter using Au + Au data separated into three centrality classes. Our p + p measurement is based on three times the statistics of our previous result. We obtain a nuclear modification factor for Upsilon (1S + 2S + 3S) in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 1 in d + Au collisions of R-dAu = 0.79 +/- 0.24(stat.) +/- 0.03(syst.) +/- 0.10(p + p syst.). A comparison with models including shadowing and initial state parton energy loss indicates the presence of additional cold-nuclear matter suppression. Similarly, in the top 10% most-central Au + Au collisions, we measure a nuclear modification factor of R-AA = 0.49 +/- 0.1(stat.) +/- 0.02(syst.) +/- 0.06(p + p syst.), which is a larger suppression factor than that seen in cold nuclear matter. Our results are consistent with complete suppression of excited-state Upsilon mesons in Au + Au collisions. The additional suppression in Au + Au is consistent with the level expected in model calculations that include the presence of a hot, deconfined Quark-Gluon Plasma. However, understanding the suppression seen in d + Au is still needed before any definitive statements about the nature of the suppression in Au + Au can be made735127137CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPRHIC Operations Group; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; National Science Foundation (NSF); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ministry of Education and Science, Russian Federation; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Korean Research Foundation, GA; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); Department of Science & Technology (India); Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; National Science Center, Poland; RosAtom of Russia ; RCF at BNL; United States Department of Energy (DOE); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Ministry of Education, China; Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Republic of Croatia; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF - Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS

Dielectron Mass Spectra from Au plus Au Collisions at root s(NN)=200 Ge V

We report the STAR measurements of dielectron (e(+)e(-)) production at midrapidity (vertical bar y(ee)vertical bar < 1) in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The measurements are evaluated in different invariant mass regions with a focus on 0.30-0.76 (rho-like), 0.76-0.80 (omega-like), and 0.98-1.05 (phi-like) GeV/c(2). The spectrum in the omega-like and phi-like regions can be well described by the hadronic cocktail simulation. In the rho-like region, however, the vacuum rho spectral function cannot describe the shape of the dielectron excess. In this range, an enhancement of 1.77 +/- 0.11(stat) +/- 0.24(syst) +/- 0.33(cocktail) is determined with respect to the hadronic cocktail simulation that excludes the rho meson. The excess yield in the rho-like region increases with the number of collision participants faster than the omega and phi yields. Theoretical models with broadened rho contributions through interactions with constituents in the hot QCD medium provide a consistent description of the dilepton mass spectra for the measurement presented here and the earlier data at the Super Proton Synchrotron energies

Charged-to-neutral correlation at forward rapidity in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV

Event-by-event fluctuations of the multiplicities of inclusive charged particles and photons at forward rapidity in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV have been studied. The dominant contribution to such fluctuations is expected to come from correlated production of charged and neutral pions. We search for evidence of dynamical fluctuations of different physical origins. Observables constructed out of moments of multiplicities are used as measures of fluctuations. Mixed events and model calculations are used as base lines. Results are compared to the dynamical net-charge fluctuations measured in the same acceptance. A nonzero statistically significant signal of dynamical fluctuations is observed in excess to the model prediction when charged particles and photons are measured in the same acceptance. We find that, unlike dynamical net-charge fluctuation, charge-neutral fluctuation is not dominated by correlation owing to particle decay. Results are compared to the expectations based on the generic production mechanism of pions owing to isospin symmetry, for which no significant (<1%) deviation is observed

Beam Energy Dependence of Moments of the Net-Charge Multiplicity Distributions in Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC

We report the first measurements of the moments-mean (M), variance (sigma(2)), skewness (S), and kurtosis (kappa)-of the net-charge multiplicity distributions at midrapidity in Au + Au collisions at seven energies, ranging from root s(NN) = 7.7 to 200 GeV, as a part of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC. The moments are related to the thermodynamic susceptibilities of net charge, and are sensitive to the location of the QCD critical point. We compare the products of the moments, sigma(2)/M, S sigma, and kappa sigma(2), with the expectations from Poisson and negative binomial distributions (NBDs). The S sigma values deviate from the Poisson baseline and are close to the NBD baseline, while the kappa sigma(2) values tend to lie between the two. Within the present uncertainties, our data do not show nonmonotonic behavior as a function of collision energy. These measurements provide a valuable tool to extract the freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collisions by comparing with theoretical models