23 research outputs found

    Genotypic variability enhances the reproducibility of an ecological study

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    Many scientific disciplines are currently experiencing a “reproducibility crisis” because numerous scientific findings cannot be repeated consistently. A novel but controversial hypothesis postulates that stringent levels of environmental and biotic standardization in experimental studies reduces reproducibility by amplifying impacts of lab-specific environmental factors not accounted for in study designs. A corollary to this hypothesis is that a deliberate introduction of controlled systematic variability (CSV) in experimental designs may lead to increased reproducibility. We tested this hypothesis using a multi-laboratory microcosm study in which the same ecological experiment was repeated in 14 laboratories across Europe. Each laboratory introduced environmental and genotypic CSV within and among replicated microcosms established in either growth chambers (with stringent control of environmental conditions) or glasshouses (with more variable environmental conditions). The introduction of genotypic CSV led to lower among-laboratory variability in growth chambers, indicating increased reproducibility, but had no significant effect in glasshouses where reproducibility was generally lower. Environmental CSV had little effect on reproducibility. Although there are multiple causes for the “reproducibility crisis”, deliberately including genetic variation may be a simple solution for increasing the reproducibility of ecological studies performed in controlled environments

    Nous et les autres : la gestion des appartenances dans un témoignage

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    Girin Jacques - "We and the others : managing belongings in a testimony". For 18 and a half minutes, a trade union militant who has been asked to describe her situation at work, uses 80 times the pronoun nous and 67 times "on". What is referred to by these "nous" is subject to great variation during the testimony. In this study, the viewpoint of the hearer is first adopted, and hypotheses about his way of making sense with what he hears are proposed. One can then analyse the dynamics of the positionning of the speaker in relation to the "nous" he uses (groups of belonging or social groups with more of less fuzzy boundaries). In particular, this gives us the possibility of isolating sequences in which the witness, from a stable position, builds up a "narrative" in which inter-crossings are used for answering the question of "description" asked of her.En 18 mn 1/2, une militante syndicale à qui l'on a demandé de décrire sa situation de travail emploie 80 fois le pronom personnel nous, et 67 fois "on". Ce que ces nous désignent varie considérablement tout au long du témoignage. Dans cette étude on adopte d'abord le point de vue de l'auditeur, en posant des hypothèses sur la manière dont il procède pour donner un sens à ce qu 'il entend. L'analyse de la dynamique des positionnements du locuteur par rapport à des nous, groupes d'appartenance ou groupes sociaux aux contours plus ou moins nets, est alors possible. Elle conduit notamment à isoler des séquences où le témoin, installé dans une position stable, livre des récits dont l'entrecroisement constitue sa réponse à la demande de description qui lui était faite.Girin Jacques. Nous et les autres : la gestion des appartenances dans un témoignage. In: Langage et société, n°45, 1988. pp. 5-34

    Erving Goffman, Façons de parler («Forms of Talk»), 1987

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    Girin Jacques. Erving Goffman, Façons de parler («Forms of Talk»), 1987. In: Sociologie du travail, 30ᵉ année n°3, Juillet-septembre 1988. pp. 489-492

    El caso del centro de investigacion en gestion de la escuela politecnica de Francia

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    Cognition

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    L'importance du lien social dans la société de l'ignorance

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