Nanoemulsion containing caffeine for cellulite treatment: characterization and in vitro evaluation

The Ginoide Hydrolipodystrophy (GHLD), commonly known as cellulite, occurs in 80-90% of the female population after the puberty period and comes from a metabolic modification in the cutaneous adipose tissue. Caffeine has been used in topical formulations due to its lipolytic action. We studied a nanoemulsion (F3) containing caffeine with two surfactants (oleth-3 and oleth-20) by emulsification method by phase inversion temperature inversion (PIT). The polydispersion indices (PDI) showed the reduced deviation of 0.1. The mean droplet size was ~ 40 nm. The evaluated constant of Ostwald, in the refrigerator condition was the most favorable during the stability test. In the In Raman spectroscopy assay, the caffeine bands found in F3 were compatible with those found in the caffeine solution (1337, 652.5 and 558.2 cm-1). There was no interaction of caffeine anhydrous with other ingredients in nanoemulsion. In the in vitro safety assay the result of 1.4 ranked the F3 as slightly irritating. In the natural membrane, cutaneous permeation test (human skin) permeate concentrations did not exceed the saturation concentration of the PBS buffer (48.96 μg/3 mL). The caffeine solution and F3 permeated statistically equal, but the nanoemulsion visually and sensorially improved the caffeine precipitation

Proposta metodológica de dança para crianças com deficiência intelectual

O artigo pautou na busca de uma visão multidisciplinar em benefício de crianças com deficiência intelectual, através de uma proposta metodológica utilizando a dança através do movimento e da interação com o corpo. As atividades foram realizadas com alunos com deficiência intelectual na escola estadual Maria das Dores de Souza, (Juiz de Fora-MG) e o objetivo era desenvolver um método de dança para esta população com base no estudo das práticas corporais inclusivas. A metodologia baseou-se na observação das atividades motoras através da dança, com o propósito de criar uma proposta para melhoria do atendimento de alunos com deficiência intelectual. A criança que apresenta a deficiência intelectual não desenvolve no mesmo ritmo em relação às crianças que não apresentam a deficiência. O desenvolvimento é tardio em relação às crianças com a mesma idade cronológica. Esse desenvolvimento tardio não é apenas na área da educação, é também na aprendizagem de habilidades, nas ações básicas do cotidiano e nos limites sociais. Concluímos que a dança terapêutica promoveu um feedback motivacional para a prática desportiva e proporcionou um aperfeiçoamento no desempenho motor, melhoras no seu relacionamento com a dança em cadeira de rodas, na imagem corporal e uma melhor qualidade de vida

DETERMINANTS OF INTENT TO PURCHASE ORGANIC PRODUCTS TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE

Concerns about food quality and safety have grown as cases of disease and food-related scandals increase. To mitigate this problem, organic products have been a solution, as their certification is provided through processes that are less harmful to the environment and consumer health. To understand the main motivations of consumers of organic products, the objective of this study is to demonstrate whether the statistical values of the predictor variables (health concern, signaling trust, and attitude) confirm their purchase intention (dependent variable). To carry out this research, the survey method was used, applying a questionnaire with open and closed questions to 288 respondents, supporting the elaboration of a structural model based on four hypotheses, which were confirmed through statistical calculations. As for the contribution, this work supports the alignment of expectations and preferences of the members of the production chain of organic products

How useful is the assessment of lymphatic vascular density in oral carcinoma prognosis?

Abstract Background Lymphatic vessels are major routes for metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are difficult to recognize in tumor histological sections. D2-40 stains podoplanin, a molecule expressed in LECs, however, the potential prognostic usefulness of this molecule is not completely understood in HNSCC. We aimed to investigate the value of assessing peritumoral and intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (LVD) as prognostic marker for HNSCC. Methods Thirty-one cases of HNSCC were stained for D2-40 and CD31. LVD and blood vessel density (BVD) were assessed by counting positive reactions in 10 hotspot areas at ×200 magnification. Results D2-40 was specific for lymphatic vessels and did not stain blood vascular endothelial cells. LECs showed more tortuous and disorganized structure in intratumoral lymphatic vessels than in peritumoral ones. No statistical differences were observed between peritumoral-LVD and intratumoral-LVD or between peritumoral-BVD and intratumoral-BVD. Tumor D2-40 staining was positively associated with lymphatic vessel invasion (p = 0.011). Conclusion LVD is a powerful marker for HNSCC prognosis. We found significant differences in peritumoral and intratumoral D2-40 immunoreactivity, which could have important implications in future therapeutic strategies and outcome evaluation

Raman spectrocopy applied to the study of biochemical responses of tissues to lamellar compounds

Nesta Dissertação de Mestrado foram estudadas as respostas inflamatórias e de reparo de tecido muscular de ratos a implantes de hidróxidos duplos lamelares (HDL) contendo íon cloreto e sulindaco (fármaco anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal - FAINE) em seu espaço interlamelar. As técnicas empregadas nesta investigação foram as espectroscopias Raman e de absorção no infravermelho (FTIR), a difratometria de raios X (XRD) e a análise histomorfológica dos tecidos corados pelas técnicas de Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) (Michalany, 1990)(Michalany, 1990)(Michalany, 1990) e Picrosirius Red (Picro). Simulações do espectro vibracional foram feitas por DFT usando o pacote computacional Gaussian 09 e as análises estatísticas foram feitas usando o pacote Unscrambler X.10.1. Os experimentos in vivo foram realizados fazendo-se a implantação das pastilhas de HDL por microcirurgia entre as camadas do músculo externo oblíquo de ratos (Wistar) e como experimento controle foi feita a separação de tais camadas simulando um implante. Os tecidos foram coletados após 7, 21, 28 e 35 dias de pós operatório, divididos em duas porções (uma para análise histomorfológica e outra para análise por espectroscopia Raman). Inicialmente foram feitos os cálculos teóricos e a caracterização espectroscópica do sulindaco, que possibilitou melhorar sua atribuição vibracional encontrada na literatura. O mesmo ocorreu com as matrizes de HDL, de Zn(II) e de Mg(II), intercaladas com íons cloreto, o que também resultou em um aprimoramento da atribuição que é encontrada na literatura. Os dois HDLs intercalados com sulindaco também foram caracterizados espectroscopicamente e os espectros Raman mostraram grande semelhança com a espécie do fármaco desprotonado. O difratograma obtido dos intercalatos mostra expansão do espaçamento basal (de 7 Å para 26 Å) compatível com a intercalação do sulindaco inclinado em relação ao plano das lamelas. Os espectros Raman do tecido controle mostram alterações mais significativas nas banda amida I e amida III com o tempo de pós-operatório e por PCA foi possivel observar a nítida separação do grupo que apresenta um processo inflamatório agudo (7 dias). Os tecidos expostos à pastilha de HDL intercalada com íons cloreto, mostraram resposta inflamatória reduzida em relação ao tecido controle e as alterações espectrais observadas evidenciam a presença de colágenos, o que indica uma aceitação da pastilha por parte do organismo (biocompatibilidade). As pastilhas também foram analisadas espectroscopicamente e mostraram que houve incorporação de íons CO32- no espaço interlamelar, indicado pela presença da banda Raman em 1060 cm-1 (estiramento simétrico C-O nesse íon), mas não foi possivel determinar se eventuais variações no pH local exerceram efeitos na resposta inflamatória. No caso dos tecidos expostos à pastilha de HDL com sulindaco, a análise por microscopia Raman mostrou que o processo inflamatório foi significativamente reduzido, evidenciando uma ação local do fármaco, além do crescimento de colágenos do tipo III. A pastilha de HDL com sulindaco implantado foi analisada por FT-Raman e a liberação do fármaco foi confirmada. Os resultados de espectroscopia Raman de tecidos foram confirmados pela análise histomorfológica, que mostrou haver de fato um acúmulo de colágeno do tipo III nas regiões próximas às pastilhas implantadas, assim como a formação de invaginações e neovascularização.In this Master\'s Thesis the inflammatory responses and tissue repair of rat muscles caused by implants of Lamellar Double Hydroxides (LDH) containing chloride ion and sulindac (anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drug - NSAID) in its interlayer space was studied. The techniques used in this research were the Raman spectroscopy and infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the histomorphological analysis of tissues stained by techniques of Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Picrosirius Red (Picro). Simulations of vibrational spectrum were made by DFT using the computational package Gaussian 09 and the statistical analyzes were performed using the Unscrambler X.10.1 package. In vivo experiments were performed by making the implantation of HDL tablets by microsurgery between the layers of the external oblique muscle of rats (Wistar) and as a control experiment the separation of the layers to simulate an implant was conducted. The tissues were collected after 7, 21, 28 and 35 days postoperatively, divided into two parts (one for histomorphological analysis and the other for analysis by Raman spectroscopy). Initially, theoretical calculations and spectroscopic characterization of sulindac where made, which enabled improving its vibrational assignment in the literature. The same happened for the LDH matrices, Zn(II) and Mg(II), both with chloride ions in the interlamelar space, which also resulted in an improving of it vibrational assignment found in the literature. Both LDH intercalated with sulindac were also characterized spectroscopically and their Raman spectra showed great agreement to the deprotonated species of thedrug. The diffraction pattern obtained from intercalated compounds shows an expansion of the basal spacing (7 Å to 26 Å) compatible with the hypothesis of the sulindac inclined relative to the lamelar plane. The Raman spectra control tissues show the most significant changes in the band amide I and amide III after diferente surgery times and through PCA was possible to observe the clear separation of the group that presenting an acute inflammatory process (at 7 days). Tissues exposed to LDH pellet intercalated with chloride ions showed a reduced inflammatory response relative to control tissue and the spectral changes demonstrate the presence of collagen, which indicates an acceptance of the insert by the body (biocompatibility). The pellets were also analyzed spectroscopically and showed that there was incorporation of CO32- ions in the interlayer space, indicated by the presence of the Raman band at 1060 cm-1 (symmetric stretch C-O of this ion), but it was not possible to determine if changes in local pH affect the inflammatory response. In the case of tissues exposed to LDH tablet with sulindac, analysis by Raman microscopy showed that inflammation was significantly reduced, indicating a local action of the drug, in addition, the collagen type III growth has been observed. The implanted LDH pellet with sulindac was analyzed by FT-Raman and the drug release was confirmed. The results of Raman spectroscopy of tissues were confirmed by histomorphological analysis, which showed that there is indeed an accumulation of collagen type III in the tissue regions near to the implanted pellets, as well as the formation of invagination and neovacularization

Étude du dépôt calco-magnésien formé sous protection cathodique (influence des sédiments marins en eau de mer naturelle, influence des argiles en eau de mer artificielle, impact environnemental de l'utilisation d'anodes sacrificielles)

CAEN-BU Sciences et STAPS (141182103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Corrosion des aciers faiblement alliés en eau de mer naturelle (influence des éléments d'alliage et des bactéries)

CAEN-BU Sciences et STAPS (141182103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Couches polycristallines orientées d'aragonite biomimétique, synthétisées par voie électrochimique

On retrouve CaCO3 dans de nombreux matériaux du Vivant, comme par exemple le corail, les carapaces et les coquilles de différents crustacés et mollusques. La croissance des différentes formes allotropiques de CaCO3, aragonite, calcite et vatérite, en présence de molécules biologiques, est influencée en terme d'organisation cristalline, de microstructure et d'ordre a grande échelle (texture et ultrastructure). La voie électrochimique a été choisie dans ce travail pour sa vitesse de formation de dépôt ainsi qu'un bon contrôle des paramètres instrumentaux. Nous avons se lectionné l'aragonite dans le dépôt ainsi que sa croissance texturée rappelant celle de la nacre de Haliotis tuberculata tuberculata avec toutefois une orientation cristalline moins prononcée. Une croissance en plaquettes pseudo-hexagonales orientées, présentant un double-maclage et une orientation d'environ 60 les unes par rapport aux autres, rappelle les observations faites sur les nacres de différents mollusques. Une étude par diffraction des rayons X sur des dépôts obtenus en présence de chitosan et de molécules organiques extraites de nacres naturelles montre leur influence sur la texture cristalline, les mailles de l'aragonite et les groupements carbonate. Le décalage de l'atome de carbone par rapport au plan des oxygènes de ce groupement révèle la déformation induite par les molécules durant la croissance cristalline. Cette étude montre que par une approche minérale-organique synthétique, on peut se rapprocher des processus conduisant a la croissance de cristaux biogéniques naturels, pour la texture, la distorsion de mailles, la structure et le facies cristallin.Calcium carbonate can be found in many natural materials, such as coral and shells of various crustaceans and mollusks. The growth of its various polymorphs, aragonite, calcite and vaterite, in the presence of biological molecules, affect their organization in terms of crystalline microstructure and long range order (texture and ultrastructure). Electrodeposition was chosen in this work for its growth speed and a good control of instrumental parameters. We have selected the growth of aragonite, mimicking the texture of the nacre of Haliotis tuberculata tuberculata but with a less pronounced crystal orientation. A growth of oriented pseudo-hexagonal platelets, with a double-twinning and a relative orientation of approximately 60 to each other, seems to be close to the observations on natural nacres of different molluscs. A X-ray diffraction study of the deposits obtained in the presence of chitosan and organic molecules extracted from natural nacres shows their influence on the crystalline texture but also on the lattice of aragonite and on the carbonate groups. The aplanarity of carbonate groups shows the deformation induced by the molecules during the crystal growth. This study shows that a mineral-organic synthetic approach can give new insights on the process leading to the growth of natural biogenic crystals in terms of crystalline orientation, lattice distortion, structure and crystalline microstructure.CAEN-BU Sciences et STAPS (141182103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Analyse du phénomène d'entartrage et de son inhibition (effet des ions majeurs présents dans les eaux du sud algérien)

Les eaux du Sahara algérien présentent des températures élevées (plus de 70C) et sont fortement chargées en sels, notamment en carbonates et en sulfates, avec une dureté dépassant 100F. Le tartre formé naturellement dans les conduites d eaux de la ville d Ouargla, dans cette région, a été analysé par ICP-AES, MEB/SED, DRX et spectroscopie Raman. Il est composé essentiellement de carbonate de calcium qui cristallise sous la forme allotropique aragonite. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons, à la fois, à la précipitation du CaCO3 dans une eau calcocarboniquement pure (CCP), ainsi qu à l influence de plusieurs ions étrangers. L effet des ions majeurs présents dans les eaux du sud algérien est ainsi examiné, avec un intérêt particulier pour les ions sulfates. La formation accélérée du tartre est induite par voie électrochimique et l influence des paramètres tels que le pH, l hydrodynamique, la température, le potentiel de polarisation ont été étudiés. La cinétique d entartrage est suivie par chronoampérométrie et par la spectroscopie d impédance électrochimique. Ces mesures sont complétées par la caractérisation des dépôts formés par les mêmes méthodes d analyse citées auparavant : MEB/SED, DRX et spectroscopie Raman. L inhibition de l entartrage est aussi étudiée par l analyse de l effet croisé de la température et de la concentration en inhibiteur. L'efficacité de cinq inhibiteurs issus de trois grandes familles : polyphosphates, polyphosphonates et acides polycarboxyliques a été déterminée. L'analyse chimique élémentaire de ces composés a été réalisée par ICP-AES, en montrant en particulier que ces substances tartrifuges ne contiennent pas de métaux lourds en quantités significatives.Sahara Algerian waters present high temperatures and are strongly concentrated in salts, particularly carbonates and sulfates, with a hardness exceeding 100F. Calcareous deposits naturally formed in this region, were analyzed using ICP-AES, SEM/EDS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. It consists essentially of calcium carbonate in aragonite allotropic form. Electrochemically accelerated scaling is also analyzed. The effect of the present major ions in South Algerian waters is examined with a particular interest for the sulphates ions. The influence of parameters such as pH, hydrodynamics, temperature and polarization potential was studied. The kinetics of scaling is followed by chronoamperometry and by electrochemical impedance. These measurements are followed by the characterization of deposits by the same techniques cited before: SEM/EDS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Scaling inhibition was also studied by the analysis of the crossed effect of temperature and inhibitors concentration. The efficiency of five inhibitors from three big families: polyphosphates, polyphosphonates and polycarboxylic acids was determined. The elementary chemical analysis of these compounds was realized by ICP-AES. It shows that these tartrifuges substances do not contain heavy metals in significant quantities.CAEN-BU Sciences et STAPS (141182103) / SudocSudocFranceF