28 research outputs found

    États rĂ©sonants de noyaux loin de la stabilitĂ©

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    This dissertation focuses on experimental nuclear physics experimentswith light nuclei far from stability. It revolves around the concept ofresonance: whether they are giant, pygmy or simple experimental tools.This memoir consists, after my resume, of a brief introduction of thetheoretical tools, in order to connect the resonances studied experimentally in the second part. Then come the chapters dealing with transfer in light nuclei (9He) at GANIL, an overview of the different techniques and results obtained on boron 15-21B and carbons 17-23C isotopes during the first SAMURAI campaign at RIKEN. The section on 16C, which is a lecture at the Master NAC at the University of Caen, links to my postdoctoral fellow time at Berkeley. Then comes the study of giant resonances in radioactive nuclei (and in particular the compression modes) at GANIL. Finally, an independent section presents scientificoutreach works.Cet habilitation Ă  diriger des recherches se concentre sur des travauxexpĂ©rimentaux produits en structure nuclĂ©aire dans les noyaux lĂ©gersloin de la stabilitĂ©. Elle se concentre autour de la notion de rĂ©sonance: qu’elles soient gĂ©antes, pygmĂ©es ou simples outils expĂ©rimentaux.Ce mĂ©moire se compose, aprĂšs mon curriculum vitae, d’une introductionsuccincte des outils thĂ©oriques, avec pour objectif de relier les rĂ©sonances Ă©tudiĂ©es expĂ©rimentalement dans la seconde partie. Puis viennent les chapitres traitant du transfert dans les noyaux lĂ©gers (9He) au GANIL, un aperçu des diffĂ©rentes techniques et rĂ©sultats obtenus sur les isotopes de bores 15-21B et de carbones 17-23C dans la premiĂšre campagne SAMURAI Ă  RIKEN. La partie sur le 16C, extraite d’un cours au Master NAC de Caen, est Ă  relier Ă  mon sĂ©jour post-doctoral Ă  Berkeley. Puis vient l’étude des rĂ©sonances gĂ©antes dans les noyaux radioactifs (et en particulier les modes de compression) au GANIL. Enfin, une derniĂšre section indĂ©pendante prĂ©sente des travaux plus gĂ©nĂ©raux de communication scientifique

    On the Experimental Description of Neutron Resonances

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    International audienceWe present a collection of simple derivations for the neutron-induced resonance cross-sections. These formulae are commonly used to experimentally describe the fundamental properties of resonances for neutron-rich nuclei far from stability and to describe unbound nuclei. The main goal of this article is to illustrate their dependencies with basic observables in order to discuss the pertinence of experimental approaches in the derivation of their properties, especially for “N-body” resonances

    Search for low lying dipole strength in the neutron rich nucleus 26Ne

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    Nous avons effectué l'excitation Coulombienne, sur une cible de plomb, d'un faisceau exotique à 58 MeV/nucléon de 26Ne, noyau riche en neutrons, afin d'étudier la possible existence de résonances dipolaires pygmées au dessus du seuil d'émission neutron. L'expérience a été conduite auprÚs de l'accélérateur de l'institut RIKEN, à Tokyo (Japon) et incluait un détecteur de gammas, un hodoscope pour particules chargées et un détecteur de neutrons.A l'aide de la méthode de la masse invariante appliquée dans la voie de décroissance 25Ne+n, et en comparant la section efficace de réaction sur le plomb et sur une cible légÚre d'aluminium, nous observons de la force de moment angulaire égal à un entre les seuils d'émission un neutron et deux neutrons. A l'aide des distributions angulaire de diffusion du 26Ne nous en confirmons la nature et extrayons la valeur de probabilité de transition réduite dipolaire correspondante B(E1) = 0.54 (0.18) e2fm2. Notre méthode nous permet aussi d'accéder pour la premiÚre fois aux rapports d'embranchement de la décroissance d'une résonance pygmée.Par ailleurs, en détectant les photons de décroissance des états au-dessous du seuil d'émission neutron et en analysant les distributions angulaires de diffusion du 26Ne correspondant au premier état excité 2+, nous en déduisons sa probabilité de transition réduite, à partir de l'état fondamental. La valeur obtenue de B(E2) = 87 (13) e2fm4 est en désaccord avec le résultat d'une expérience précédente.We carried out the Coulomb excitation, on a lead target, of an exotic beam of neutron-rich nucleus 26Ne at 58 A.MeV, in order to study the possible existence of a pygmy dipole resonance above the neutron emission threshold. The experiment was performed at the RIKEN Research Facility, in Tokyo (Japan) and included a gamma-ray detector, a charged fragment hodoscope and a neutron detector.Using the invariant mass method in the 25Ne+n decay channel, and by comparing the reaction cross section on the lead target and a light target of aluminium, we observe a sizeable amount of E1 strength between the one neutron and the two neutron emission thresholds. The corresponding 26Ne angular distribution confirms its nature and we deduce its reduced dipole transition probability value B(E1) = 0.54 (0.18) e2fm2. Our method also enables us to extract for the first time the decay pattern of a pygmy resonance.By detecting the decay photons from the excited states below the neutron emission threshold and by analyzing the angular distribution of the inelastically scattered 26Ne we deduce the reduced transition probability of the first 2+ state, from the ground state. The value obtained of B(E2) = 87 (13) e2fm4Being in disagreement with a previous result.STRASBOURG-Bib.Central Recherche (674822133) / SudocORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Infectious aetiologies of severe acute chest syndrome in sickle-cell adult patients, combining conventional microbiological tests and respiratory multiplex PCR

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    International audienceAcute chest syndrome (ACS) is the most serious complication of sickle cell disease. The pathophysiology of ACS may involve lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), alveolar hypoventilation and atelectasis, bone infarcts-driven fat embolism, and in situ pulmonary artery thrombosis. One of the most challenging issues for the physicians is to diagnose LRTI as the cause of ACS. The use of a respiratory multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the diagnosis of LRTI has not been assessed in sickle-cell adult patients with ACS. To describe the spectrum of infectious aetiologies of severe ACS, using a diagnostic approach combining conventional tests and mPCR. A non-interventional monocenter prospective study involving all the consecutive sickle-cell adult patients with ACS admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Microbiological investigation included conventional tests and a nasopharyngeal swab for mPCR. Altogether, 36 patients were enrolled, of whom 30 (83%) had complete microbiological investigations. A bacterial microorganism, mostly Staphylococcus aureus (n = 8), was identified in 11 patients. There was no pneumonia-associated intracellular bacterial pathogen. A respiratory virus was identified in six patients. Using both conventional tests and nasopharyngeal mPCR, a microbiological documentation was obtained in half of adult ACS patients admitted to the ICU. Pyogenic bacteria, especially S. aureus, predominated
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