Stability of the Volterra Integrodifferential Equation

In this paper, the Hyers-Ulam stability of the Volterra integrodifferential equation and the Volterra equation on the finite interval [0, T], T > 0, are studied, where the state x(t) take values in a Banach space X

A Krein Quantization Approach to Klein Paradox

In this paper we first introduce the famous Klein paradox. Afterwards by proposing the Krein quantization approach and taking the negative modes into account, we will show that the expected and exact current densities, could be achieved without confronting any paradox.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

The effect of Levo and Trigard pesticides on the life of potato moth insect Phthorimaea Operculella (Zeller)=Влияние пестицидов Levo и Trigard на смертность картофельной моли Phthorimaea Operculella (Zeller)

The study was conducated in the laboratories of the Department of biogenic control techniques/Technical College/Al-Mussaib for the period from 2015-2016, different concentrations of Levo and Trigar

Mechanical characteristics of tire/clay modified epoxy used in fabrication of medical prostheses and artificial human parts

Epoxy is used in many dental and medical applications such as manufacturing prostheses. This polymer is not toxic and is a good candidate for easily forming of artificial hand, leg, etc. In recent years, the recycled waste tire has been concerned as inexpensive modifier for improving the toughness characteristics of many thermoset resins such as epoxy. Herein, the influence of addition of nanoclay on mechanical characteristics of waste tire-modified epoxy was investigated. Mechanical properties i.e. compressive and flexural characteristics, fracture toughness and impact strength of the samples were investigated. The fracture surfaces of the specimens were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the samples were measured. Results reveal that nanoclay can improve the mechanical characteristics of waste tire-modified epoxies. © IDOSI Publications, 2012

Adsorption and Transport of Drug-Like Molecules at the Membrane of Living Cells Studied by Time-Resolved Second-Harmonic Light Scattering

Understanding molecular interactions at the surfaces of cellular membranes, including adsorption and transport, is of fundamental importance in both biological and pharmaceutical studies. At present, particularly with respect to small and medium size (drug-like) molecules, it is desirable to gain an understanding of the mechanisms that govern membrane adsorption and transport. To characterize drug-membrane interactions and mechanisms governing the process of molecular uptake at cellular membranes in living organisms, we need to develop effective experimental techniques to reach quantitative and time-resolved analysis of molecules at the membrane surfaces. Also, we preferably want to develop label-free optical techniques suited for single-cell and live cell analysis. Here, I discuss the nonlinear optical technique, second-harmonic light scattering (SHS), for studying molecule-membrane interactions and transport of molecules at the membrane of living cells with real-time resolution and membrane surface-specificity. Time-resolved SHS can quantify adsorption and transport of molecules, with specific nonlinear optical properties, at living organisms without imposing any mechanical stress onto the membrane. This label-free and surface-sensitive technique can even differentiate molecular transport at individual membranes within a multi-membrane cell (e.g., bacteria). In this dissertation, I present our current research and accomplishments in extending the capabilities of the SHS technique to study molecular uptake kinetics at the membranes of living cells, to monitor bacteria membrane integrity, to characterize the antibacterial mechanism-of-action of antibiotic compounds, to update the molecular mechanism of the Gram-stain protocol, to pixel-wise mapping of the membrane viscosity of the living cells, and to probe drug-induced activation of bacterial mechanosensitive channels in vitro.Chemistr

Fault Models for Phase Change Memory

Phase Change Memory (PCM) is the newest type of non-volatile memory that shall replace the currently wide spread flash memory. Recent research activities performed on PCM reliability and operation have identified special failure modes that are particular to this type of memory. In this paper, these failures are identified and their behavior is analyzed in order to develop appropriate fault models that describe their behavior using traditional memory fault notation. In addition, an efficient test algorithm, called March-PCM, is proposed to test all modeled faults

VARIABILITY OF PHENYTOIN INDUCED GUM HYPERPLASIA IN PATIENTS OF EPILEPSY IN A TERTIARY CARE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING OF PHENYTOIN NEEDS VERSATILE AND SPECIFIC METHODOLOGY

Phenytoin is still used as the first choice in epilepsy. It is a well studied drug and due to its ADRs and side effects, TDM is a well defined technique, used in tertiary care centers. It optimizes dosage regimens in patients on phenytoin as it has a narrow therapeutic window. Its use needs vigilance as it has many drug-drug interactions, CNS side effects and gum hyperplasia. Serum drug concentrations guides us that the therapeutic levels be maintained during the course of treatment. Its therapeutic range is 10-20 micrograms/ml. Study was carried in tertiary centre where Neurology department is well established. A total of 1450 patients were enrolled in the study in 5 years period. Patients of (21-30 )years of age group attend maximally, maximum gum hyperplasia was in this age group who were in therapeutic range of phenytoin and patients in the study were taking equal doses in equal intervals of time. Patients had variable response in gumhyperplasia and it was a retrospective study. Serum concentration was estimated by EMIT System. Out of 1450 patients, only 190 (13.1%) patients developed gum hyperplasia in heterogeneous population viz therapeutic, subtherapeutic or toxic groups. Therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin is carried out to ensure effective and safe levels.&nbsp

Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) and Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA) as Novel Diagnostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets for Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide; the early diagnosis of this disease remains challenging and there are few effective therapies, with palliative chemotherapy being the main treatment option for patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Alteration of cellular energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of tumours. Therefore, I proposed that the study of metabolic enzymes such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which serve as key regulators of cellular energy metabolism in proliferating cells and mediators of aerobic glycolysis, could play an important role in the diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer. Expression of PKM2 and LDHA was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in pancreatic cancer specimens. I found that the majority of PDAC strongly expressed PKM2 and LDHA at significantly higher levels compared with normal pancreatic tissues and benign pancreatic disease. PKM2 and LDHA expression directly correlated with tumour size and were expressed at higher levels in poorly differentiated tumours compared to well differentiated ones. Tumour cell proliferation, as detected by Ki67 staining, was significantly higher in tumours with strong PKM2 and LDHA expression compared to those with weak PKM2 and LDHA expression. Conversely, the number of CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was significantly higher in tumours with weak PKM2 and LDHA expression than in those with strong PKM2 and LDHA expression. Patients with tumours that had strong PKM2 and LDHA expression had a significantly worse overall survival compared with those that had weak PKM2 and/or LDHA expression (7.0 months vs. 27.9 months, respectively, p = 0.003, log rank test). Plasma PK and LDH concentrations were also significantly higher in pancreatic cancer patients compared to healthy controls (45.5 vs 21.6 U/L and 685 vs 194 U/L respectively, P < 0.0001). Shikonin (a Chinese herbal medicine) inhibited PKM2 activity and had a strong cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation with an IC50 of 2-3µM and 1-2 µM for 24 and 72 hours interaction time, respectively. Treatment of pancreatic cancer cell lines with combination of PKM2 activator IV (TEPP-46) and LDHA inhibitor (FX11) was synergistically inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, with combination indices (CI) of 0.48 and 0.45 for Miapaca-2 and BxPc-3 cell lines, respectively. Additionally, in the pancreatic cancer xenograft model, TEPP-46 and FX11 in combination significantly delayed both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumour growth compared to the control group (P ˂ 0.0001). The combination treatment also reduced expression of PKM2 and LDHA, and significantly decreased Ki-67 expression compared with controls (P ˂ 0.0001). Orthotopic xenografts treated with the combination therapy had a high number of CD8+TIL cells around the tumours. In conclusion, PKM2 and LDHA overexpression in pancreatic cancer is associated with poor outcome. As such, high expression of these two enzyme may contribute to the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer and confer anergy against the host anti-tumour immune response. Tetramerisation of PKM2 in combination with inhibition of LDHA synergistically inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and growth both in vitro and in vivo and may represent a novel strategy for pancreatic cancer therapy

The Effect of Nano Surface Topography on Electrical Properties of Aluminium Films Deposited on Plastic Substrate by Different Technique

Aluminium films have been prepared by two different techniques namely direct current (DC) sputtering and thermal evaporation on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. Effects of techniques types on the structural and electrical characteristics of the films were studied. The effect of nano surface topography on electrical properties of Aluminium films was studied. Sets of experiments were conducted to optimize the deposition of Aluminium films with appropriate deposition parameters. The deposited films were analyzed with atomic force microscopy and four-point probe technique to determine their structural and electrical characteristics. Film characteristics such as electrical resistivity and surface roughness have been determined