Pupillary Stroop effects

We recorded the pupil diameters of participants performing the words’ color-naming Stroop task (i.e., naming the color of a word that names a color). Non-color words were used as baseline to firmly establish the effects of semantic relatedness induced by color word distractors. We replicated the classic Stroop effects of color congruency and color incongruency with pupillary diameter recordings: relative to non-color words, pupil diameters increased for color distractors that differed from color responses, while they reduced for color distractors that were identical to color responses. Analyses of the time courses of pupil responses revealed further differences between color-congruent and color-incongruent distractors, with the latter inducing a steep increase of pupil size and the former a relatively lower increase. Consistent with previous findings that have demonstrated that pupil size increases as task demands rise, the present results indicate that pupillometry is a robust measure of Stroop interference, and it represents a valuable addition to the cognitive scientist’s toolbox

When slow explorers are fast: personality-related differences in timing of migration in red knots Calidris canutus

<p>Title: "<strong><span>When slow explorers are fast: personality-related differences in timing of migration in red knots <em>Calidris canutus</em></span></strong>"<br>Authors: Selin Ersoy; Ton G. G. Groothuis; Theunis Piersma & Allert Bijleveld</p> <p>GENERAL INFORMATION</p> <p>Date of the data collection: Catching between 14 August 2018 - 5 August 2019<br>Geographic location of data collection: Western Dutch Wadden Sea (53°15'N, 5°15'E) <br>Corresponding author information: Selin Ersoy, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands, [email protected] </p> <p>METHODS<br>Isotope data: Red blood cell and plasma d13C and d15N isotopes collected from the blood samples of red knots.<br>Exploration speed: Movement tracjectories were collected from the recordings of the top camera during experiments in the mobile arena. We used the distance between estimated positions to calculate speed. Errors in the positioning algorithm were filtered by excluding speeds higher than 200 cm/s. An individual’s exploration speed was calculated as the average speed during each 20 min trial.</p> <p>DATA & FILE OVERVIEW</p> <p>All_Isotope_RedKnot.csv : Red blood cell and plasma d13C and d15N isotopes collected from the blood samples of juvenile and adult red knots<br>        Column 1: RingNr: Unique metal ring number of red knots. Ring were put on the legs<br>        Column 2: Type: Blood type plasma or red blood cell<br>        Column 3: Repeat: If there is a repeated samples of an individual<br>        Column 4: d15N: Nitrogen 15 Isotope value <br>        Column 5: d13C: Carbon 13 Isotope value<br>        Column 6: Comments: important commments about samples</p> <p>KnotData.csv    : Primaries and Exploration speed repeated measures from Juvenile and Adult red knots<br>        Column 1: RingNr: Unique metal ring number of red knots. Ring were put on the legs<br>        Column 2: Catch months<br>        Column 3: Catch day<br>        Column 4: Catch year<br>        Column 5: Sex (m for male, f for female)<br>        Column 6: P1: first primary score <br>        Column 7: P2: second primary score <br>        Column 8: P3: third primary score <br>        Column 9: P4: forth primary score <br>        Column 10: P5: fifth primary score <br>        Column 11: P6: sixth primary score <br>        Column 12: P7: seventh primary score <br>        Column 13: P8: eight primary score <br>        Column 14: P9: nineth primary score <br>        Column 15: P10: tenth primary score <br>        Column 16: Active moult (yes-no)<br>        Column 17: Total primary score<br>        Column 18: LogMeanF01: Exploratory score of individual measured in mobile arena (mean speed cm/sec) measured through automated tracking </p&gt

Stakeholder's Experiences of the Forensic Child Protection Paradigm

Research over the past two decades has identified the perceptions of service users, mainly parents, engaged with the child protection system (Buckley 2017; Buckley et al. 201 la; De Boer and Coady 2007). This chapter extends this understanding to consider the experiences within the prevailing child protection discourse of all key stakeholders including families, children, foster carers and child protection practitioners. It will demonstrate that despite an overall positive aspiration to promote the welfare of children, the current approach fails to respond to the diverse needs and difficulties of the population and inadvertently alienates many of those who need assistance to prevent further escalation of their difficulties. The first part of the chapter outlines the type of system required to promote children's safety and well-being and demonstrates the conflicting values underpinning child protection processes that operate in most of the English speaking world. It then examines the way that children and young people experience services that are set up to help them, and their ideal view of how child protection would work best for them. Children that live in care are exceptionally dependent on the quality of social care and social work. Therefore, we examine the interface between current child protection practice and the out-of-home care (OOHC) system, exploring ideas about how the quality of care can be enhanced within a different policy framework. Without question, a relationship-based approach is key to effective practice and the achievement of this is dependent on a stable and positively disposed workforce that can work collaboratively to gain trust and motivate families in the interests of their children's welfare. In Anglophone countries, the adversarial nature of statutory child care, highlighted by court processes, is known to challenge the ability of child protection staff to operate according to the principles of their profession, hence the high rate of disillusionment and turnover in statutory social work in particular. The chapter concludes by considering the aspects of the current system that are the most detrimental to good practice and by outlining how a public health model would, by addressing each of the domains discussed here, better meet the needs of children and families