The 3'-untranslated region directs ribosomal protein-encoding mRNAs to specific cytoplasmic regions

mRNA localization is a conserved post-transcriptional process crucial for a variety of systems. We have analyzed the subcellular distribution of mRNAs encoding human cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. Biochemical fractionation experiments showed that the transcripts for cytosolic ribosomal proteins associate preferentially with the cytoskeleton via actin microfilaments. Transfection in HeLa cells of a GFP reporter construct containing the cytosolic ribosomal protein L4 3'-UTR showed that the 3'-UTR is necessary for the association of the transcript to the cytoskeleton. Using confocal analysis we demonstrate that the chimeric transcript is specifically associated with the perinuclear cytoskeleton. We also show that mRNA for mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12 is asymmetrically distributed in the cytoplasm. In fact, this transcript was localized mainly in the proximity of mitochondria, and the localization was 3'-UTR-dependent. In summary, ribosomal protein mRNAs constitute a new class of localized transcripts that share a common localization mechanism

Non-epithelial ovarian cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

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New molecular tools: application of the μAQUA phylochip and concomitant FISH probes to study freshwater pathogens from samples taken along the Tiber River, Italy

Current knowledge about aquatic pathogens are scarce because bacteria, protozoans, algae and their toxins occur at low concentrations, making them difficult to measure directly or to filter sufficient volumes to facilitate detection. We developed and validated tools to detect pathogens in freshwater systems. To evaluate impacts on water quality, a phylogenetic microarray was developed in the EU project μAQUA to detect simultaneously numerous pathogens and was applied in MicroCoKit, to samples taken from four locations from two seasons for two years along the length of the Tiber River, Italy. The sites ranged from a pristine site near its source to ones contaminated by agricultural, industrial and anthropogenic waste moving downstream to near its mouth. Fifty litres were collected and concentrated using a hollow-fibre ultrafiltration, a rapid method with minimal cell loss to provide a concentrate for downstream analysis. The 60 Da cut-off ensures many organics, such as toxins, will be concentrated for analysis. Aliquots from the concentrate were preserved in TRI-Reagent and total RNA extracted, labelled and hybridised to the phylochip to detect pathogenic bacteria, protozoa and toxic cyanobacteria. The microarray results gave positive signals for all pathogens. Calibration curves enabled us to infer cell concentrations. Cross validation was performed using FISH probes for selected toxic cyanobacteria and hybridised to aliquots taken from the raw water prior to concentration by the hollow fibre filters

The urban rabies in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina: origin-evolution-present times

La rabia es una enfermedad infecciosa, zoonótica, caracterizada por alteraciones del sistema nervioso, producida por el virus de la rabia, perteneciente al Género Lyssavirus de la Familia Rhabdoviridae. Es habitualmente transmitida por la mordedura de un animal rabioso que elimina el virus por la saliva. La rabia urbana es la que ocurre en las ciudades, siendo el perro el transmisor y afectado más importante, seguido por el gato y el hombre. El presente trabajo presenta un enfoque global sobre la rabia urbana, enfermedad de los animales y el hombre, en el territorio de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, hasta el año 2001. Esta provincia presentó el mayor foco de rabia urbana que registró el país desde su aparición en 1806 a consecuencia de las actividades de la 1º invasión inglesa, hasta su erradicación en el año 1984. Durante 1976, el territorio provincial registró 4.759 casos de rabia animal y trece decesos humanos. Se efectúa un encuadre de las situaciones geográficas y políticas de las épocas en que se produjeron acontecimientos importantes y del estado de los conocimientos científicos sobre la enfermedad en esos momentos, que condicionaron y caracterizaron la presentación, manejo y control de esta enfermedad en la provincia.Rabies is an infectious and zoonotic disease characterized by alterations of the nervous system, produced by the rabies virus, which belongs to the genus Lyssavirus of the Rhabdoviridae family. The disease is habitually transmitted by the bite of an infected animal, which eliminates the virus in its saliva. Urban rabies is the one that occurs in the cities, being the dog the most important affected and transmitter of the disease, followed by cat and man. The present work shows a global focus on rabies, animal and man affecting disease, in the territory of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This province presented the biggest focus of urban rabies ever registered in the Argentinian Republic from the moment of the first appearance of the disease, consigned in 1806 and due to the activities of the 1 English Invasion, to the moment of the eradication of the disease in 1984. The subsequent panorama, until 2001 is also following presented. During 1976, the province´s territory registered 4759 cases of animal rabies and 13 human deaths. An alignment of the geographical and political situations of the periods during which important events happened is made. Besides, the state of the scientific knowledge about the disease during these periods, which conditioned and characterized the presentation, handling and control of this disease in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, is also analyzed.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

The urban rabies in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina: origin-evolution-present times

La rabia es una enfermedad infecciosa, zoonótica, caracterizada por alteraciones del sistema nervioso, producida por el virus de la rabia, perteneciente al Género Lyssavirus de la Familia Rhabdoviridae. Es habitualmente transmitida por la mordedura de un animal rabioso que elimina el virus por la saliva. La rabia urbana es la que ocurre en las ciudades, siendo el perro el transmisor y afectado más importante, seguido por el gato y el hombre. El presente trabajo presenta un enfoque global sobre la rabia urbana, enfermedad de los animales y el hombre, en el territorio de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, hasta el año 2001. Esta provincia presentó el mayor foco de rabia urbana que registró el país desde su aparición en 1806 a consecuencia de las actividades de la 1º invasión inglesa, hasta su erradicación en el año 1984. Durante 1976, el territorio provincial registró 4.759 casos de rabia animal y trece decesos humanos. Se efectúa un encuadre de las situaciones geográficas y políticas de las épocas en que se produjeron acontecimientos importantes y del estado de los conocimientos científicos sobre la enfermedad en esos momentos, que condicionaron y caracterizaron la presentación, manejo y control de esta enfermedad en la provincia.Rabies is an infectious and zoonotic disease characterized by alterations of the nervous system, produced by the rabies virus, which belongs to the genus Lyssavirus of the Rhabdoviridae family. The disease is habitually transmitted by the bite of an infected animal, which eliminates the virus in its saliva. Urban rabies is the one that occurs in the cities, being the dog the most important affected and transmitter of the disease, followed by cat and man. The present work shows a global focus on rabies, animal and man affecting disease, in the territory of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This province presented the biggest focus of urban rabies ever registered in the Argentinian Republic from the moment of the first appearance of the disease, consigned in 1806 and due to the activities of the 1 English Invasion, to the moment of the eradication of the disease in 1984. The subsequent panorama, until 2001 is also following presented. During 1976, the province´s territory registered 4759 cases of animal rabies and 13 human deaths. An alignment of the geographical and political situations of the periods during which important events happened is made. Besides, the state of the scientific knowledge about the disease during these periods, which conditioned and characterized the presentation, handling and control of this disease in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, is also analyzed.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

The urban rabies in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina: origin-evolution-present times

La rabia es una enfermedad infecciosa, zoonótica, caracterizada por alteraciones del sistema nervioso, producida por el virus de la rabia, perteneciente al Género Lyssavirus de la Familia Rhabdoviridae. Es habitualmente transmitida por la mordedura de un animal rabioso que elimina el virus por la saliva. La rabia urbana es la que ocurre en las ciudades, siendo el perro el transmisor y afectado más importante, seguido por el gato y el hombre. El presente trabajo presenta un enfoque global sobre la rabia urbana, enfermedad de los animales y el hombre, en el territorio de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, hasta el año 2001. Esta provincia presentó el mayor foco de rabia urbana que registró el país desde su aparición en 1806 a consecuencia de las actividades de la 1º invasión inglesa, hasta su erradicación en el año 1984. Durante 1976, el territorio provincial registró 4.759 casos de rabia animal y trece decesos humanos. Se efectúa un encuadre de las situaciones geográficas y políticas de las épocas en que se produjeron acontecimientos importantes y del estado de los conocimientos científicos sobre la enfermedad en esos momentos, que condicionaron y caracterizaron la presentación, manejo y control de esta enfermedad en la provincia.Rabies is an infectious and zoonotic disease characterized by alterations of the nervous system, produced by the rabies virus, which belongs to the genus Lyssavirus of the Rhabdoviridae family. The disease is habitually transmitted by the bite of an infected animal, which eliminates the virus in its saliva. Urban rabies is the one that occurs in the cities, being the dog the most important affected and transmitter of the disease, followed by cat and man. The present work shows a global focus on rabies, animal and man affecting disease, in the territory of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This province presented the biggest focus of urban rabies ever registered in the Argentinian Republic from the moment of the first appearance of the disease, consigned in 1806 and due to the activities of the 1 English Invasion, to the moment of the eradication of the disease in 1984. The subsequent panorama, until 2001 is also following presented. During 1976, the province´s territory registered 4759 cases of animal rabies and 13 human deaths. An alignment of the geographical and political situations of the periods during which important events happened is made. Besides, the state of the scientific knowledge about the disease during these periods, which conditioned and characterized the presentation, handling and control of this disease in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, is also analyzed.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Reconocimiento de Números Manuscritos

En la actualidad, el reconocimiento de texto manuscrito sigue siendo una fuente de intensa investigación. Este paper presenta una herramienta de software perteneciente al área de Reconocimiento Inteligente de Caracteres (ICR – Intelligent Character Recognition) para el reconocimiento de números enteros manuscritos. En ella se integra un clasificador basado en redes neuronales feedforward y un conjunto de técnicas pertenecientes al área de procesamiento de imágenes digitales que realiza las adaptaciones adecuadas sobre la imagen de entrada. De esta forma, se ingresa un número entero manuscrito formado por varios dígitos y se obtiene como resultado el reconocimiento de cada uno de los elementos que lo componen. Los resultados de la aplicación de esta herramienta sobre una base de números del repositorio UCI han sido satisfactorios. Es importante destacar que, si bien los resultados expuestos en este artículo se refieren exclusivamente al reconocimiento de números manuscritos, esta herramienta puede ser aplicada al conjunto de caracteres completo. Finalmente se incluyen algunas conclusiones así como algunas líneas de trabajo futuras.At present, handwritten text recognition still represents a wide source of research. This paper presents a software tool which belongs to the area of ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition) for the recognition of handwritten integers. A classifier based on feedforward neural networks and a set of techniques belonging to digital image processing area are incorporated to this tool, which make the suitable adaptations over the input image. In this way, a handwritten integer made up by several digits is entered and, as a result, the recognition of each of its elements is obtained. The results of applying this tool over a UCI repository number base have been successful. It is important to notice that, even though the results presented in this paper exclusively refer to handwritten number recognition, this tool can be applied to the complete set of characters. Finally, some conclusions are presented together with some future lines of work.V Workshop de Computación Gráfica, Imágenes Y VisualizaciónRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Reconocimiento de Números Manuscritos

En la actualidad, el reconocimiento de texto manuscrito sigue siendo una fuente de intensa investigación. Este paper presenta una herramienta de software perteneciente al área de Reconocimiento Inteligente de Caracteres (ICR – Intelligent Character Recognition) para el reconocimiento de números enteros manuscritos. En ella se integra un clasificador basado en redes neuronales feedforward y un conjunto de técnicas pertenecientes al área de procesamiento de imágenes digitales que realiza las adaptaciones adecuadas sobre la imagen de entrada. De esta forma, se ingresa un número entero manuscrito formado por varios dígitos y se obtiene como resultado el reconocimiento de cada uno de los elementos que lo componen. Los resultados de la aplicación de esta herramienta sobre una base de números del repositorio UCI han sido satisfactorios. Es importante destacar que, si bien los resultados expuestos en este artículo se refieren exclusivamente al reconocimiento de números manuscritos, esta herramienta puede ser aplicada al conjunto de caracteres completo. Finalmente se incluyen algunas conclusiones así como algunas líneas de trabajo futuras.At present, handwritten text recognition still represents a wide source of research. This paper presents a software tool which belongs to the area of ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition) for the recognition of handwritten integers. A classifier based on feedforward neural networks and a set of techniques belonging to digital image processing area are incorporated to this tool, which make the suitable adaptations over the input image. In this way, a handwritten integer made up by several digits is entered and, as a result, the recognition of each of its elements is obtained. The results of applying this tool over a UCI repository number base have been successful. It is important to notice that, even though the results presented in this paper exclusively refer to handwritten number recognition, this tool can be applied to the complete set of characters. Finally, some conclusions are presented together with some future lines of work.V Workshop de Computación Gráfica, Imágenes Y VisualizaciónRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI