Human Dynamics: The Correspondence Patterns of Darwin and Einstein

While living in different historical era, Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and Albert Einstein (1879-1955) were both prolific correspondents: Darwin sent (received) at least 7,591 (6,530) letters during his lifetime while Einstein sent (received) over 14,500 (16,200). Before email scientists were part of an extensive university of letters, the main venue for exchanging new ideas and results. But were the communication patterns of the pre-email times any different from the current era of instant access? Here we show that while the means have changed, the communication dynamics has not: Darwin's and Einstein's pattern of correspondence and today's electronic exchanges follow the same scaling laws. Their communication belongs, however, to a different universality class from email communication, providing evidence for a new class of phenomena capturing human dynamics.Comment: Supplementary Information available at http://www.nd.edu/~network

A recursive paradigm for aligning observed behavior of large structured process models

The alignment of observed and modeled behavior is a crucial problem in process mining, since it opens the door for conformance checking and enhancement of process models. The state of the art techniques for the computation of alignments rely on a full exploration of the combination of the model state space and the observed behavior (an event log), which hampers their applicability for large instances. This paper presents a fresh view to the alignment problem: the computation of alignments is casted as the resolution of Integer Linear Programming models, where the user can decide the granularity of the alignment steps. Moreover, a novel recursive strategy is used to split the problem into small pieces, exponentially reducing the complexity of the ILP models to be solved. The contributions of this paper represent a promising alternative to fight the inherent complexity of computing alignments for large instances.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Improving adaptive bagging methods for evolving data streams

We propose two new improvements for bagging methods on evolving data streams. Recently, two new variants of Bagging were proposed: ADWIN Bagging and Adaptive-Size Hoeffding Tree (ASHT) Bagging. ASHT Bagging uses trees of different sizes, and ADWIN Bagging uses ADWIN as a change detector to decide when to discard underperforming ensemble members. We improve ADWIN Bagging using Hoeffding Adaptive Trees, trees that can adaptively learn from data streams that change over time. To speed up the time for adapting to change of Adaptive-Size Hoeffding Tree (ASHT) Bagging, we add an error change detector for each classifier. We test our improvements by performing an evaluation study on synthetic and real-world datasets comprising up to ten million examples

Global kinematics study of OH masers in W49N

Star formation is underway in the W49N molecular cloud (MC) at a high level of efficiency, with almost twenty ultra-compact (UC) HII regions observed thus far, indicating a recent formation of massive stars. Previous works have suggested that this cloud is undergoing a global contraction. We analyse the data on OH masers in the molecular cloud W49N, observed with the VLBA at the 1612, 1665, and 1667 MHz transitions in LCP and RCP with an aim to study the global kinematics of the masers. We carried out our study based on the locations and observed velocities of the maser spots. The velocities were fitted to the straight line of V$_{obs}$-V$_{sys}$ versus d$_{(\alpha, \delta)m}$, resulting in V$_{ftd}$. The difference between the fitted values and those obtained from observations is $\Delta$V. The V$_{obs}$-V$_{sys}$ velocity shows a gradient as a function of the distance to ($\alpha, \delta$)$_{m}$, where the closer spots have the largest velocities. Spots with similar velocities are located in different sectors, with respect to ($\alpha, \delta$)$_{m}$. Then, we assumed that the spots are moving towards a contraction centre (CC$_{OH}$), which is at the apex of a CONUS. We also assumed that the distance of each spot to CC$_{OH}$ is d$_{cc}$ and that they fall with a velocity V$_{CC}$, with the total velocity being V$_{Tot}$. Using this velocity, we estimated the free-fall velocity. The observed dispersion with respect to the global trend against $d_{cc}$, shows a maximum at 0.12 pc, with a decay from 0.12 to 0.19 pc, which is faster than that taking place between 0.19 and 0.42 pc. Based on $V_{tot}$ an inner mass of M$_{inn}$=2500 $M_{\odot}$ was estimated.The velocities of the OH spots at W49N, together with their positions respect $(\alpha, \delta)_m$, make it possible to trace a global kinematics, which seems to be due to a subcollapse in the W49N molecular cloud.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figure

Diffusion-limited deposition of dipolar particles

Deposits of dipolar particles are investigated by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We found that the effect of the interactions is described by an initial, non-universal, scaling regime characterized by orientationally ordered deposits. In the dipolar regime, the order and geometry of the clusters depend on the strength of the interactions and the magnetic properties are tunable by controlling the growth conditions. At later stages, the growth is dominated by thermal effects and the diffusion-limited universal regime obtains, at finite temperatures. At low temperatures the crossover size increases exponentially as T decreases and at T=0 only the dipolar regime is observed.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Correlações e análises do coeficiente-vetor (Path-coefficient em linhagens endogamicas de milho (Zea mays L.).

Objetivou-se determinar as inter-relacoes entre sete caracteres em progenies de milho, obtida de cruzamentos entre linhagens "dent" e "flint" com os compostos "Flint B" e "Dent B", respectivamente. Encontraram-se correlacoes significativas para peso de graos com alturas de planta e espiga e com prolificidade, indicando a importancia destes caracteres no aumento da produtividade do milho, em condicoes brasileiras. Prolificidade e peso de 50 graos correlacionaram-se negativa e significativamente. Observou-se uma correlacao significativa e positiva entre numero de dias ate o florescimento e porcentagem de umidade nos graos, mostrando que precocidade esta diretamente ligada com maturacao fisiologica, nestes materiais. Encontraram-se pequenas diferencas de valores de coeficientes vetor (path-coefficient) para as progenies dos cruzamentos contrastantes entre linhagens e compostos, possivelmente devido a erros de amostragens ou a variabilidade genetica entre estas progenies. Os valores elevados e positivo de coeficiente-vetor encontrados para alguns caracteres, como prolificidade e peso de 50 graos, mostraram uma influencia direta e significativa destes caracteres no peso de graos

Immunotherapy in Allergic Asthma – 5 year analysis: Is it a curative approach?

Asthma is a common, chronic and heterogeneous disease;it affects people of all ages and there has been a recentincrease in its prevalence and severity. It may be mild,barely noticed by the patient, or it may range all the way tovery severe disease, causing constant symptoms that greatlyaffect the quality life of the patient. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

General and specific combinig ability for yield in a diallel cross among 18 maize populations (Zea mays L.).

A study was carried out no diallel crosses among 18 maize populations. An analysis was conducted on ear weight data using Grigging's Method 2, Model I to determine general and specific combinig ability effects. General combining ability (GCA) was found to be significant but specific combinig ability (SCA) was not. Both location x GCA and location x SCA interactions were found to be significant. The results showed that populations CMS 06 and CMS 05 have the highest GCA effects. The cross (CMS 07 x CMS 10) gave the highest SCA effects

Seleção entre e dentro de progênies de irmãos germanos na população de milho "Suwan DMR" (Zea mays L.).

O presente trabalho trata da avaliacao de um ciclo de selecao entre e dentro de progenies de irmaos germanos no milho "Suwan DMR", objetivando principalmente a obtencao de uma variedade (BR 105) de menor porte, alta produtividade, resistente as principais pragas, doencas e ao acamamento. Testaram-se 800 progenies, usando-se dois experimentos em lattice 20 x 20, com duas repeticoes, em Sete Lagoas, MG, em 1977/78. A densidade do ensaio foi de 58 666 plantas/ha. Os resultados indicaram que houve diferenca significativa entre tratamentos para todos os caracteres em ambos os experimentos, exceto para stand final no experimento I. As estimativas do coeficiente de variacao genetica, associadas as do coeficiente de variacao de ambiente, para prolificidade e peso de espigas, apresentaram boa magnitude. As estimativas co coeficiente de variacao genetica, associadas as do coeficiente de variacao de ambiente, para prolificidade e peso de espigas, apresentaram boa magnitude. As estimativas de herdabilidade nao foram altas, destacando-se apenas a de altura de planta e umidade dos graos. As producoes medias equivalentes a peso de graos foram de 6 509 e 6 753 kg/ha e os progressos esperados pela selecao de 10% das familias, para este caracter, foram correspondentemente de 870 kg/ha (13,4%) e 1067 kg/ha (15,8%), para os experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Observou-se que producao correlacionou diretamente com alturas de planta e espiga e com prolificidade. A selecao de progenies, efetuada visualmente e baseada na produção de espigas, resultou na escolha de um material mais precoce no florescimento ou com maior período de enchimento de grãos. Concluiu-se que a poupulação "Suwan DMR" possui variabilidade genética e alto potencial para os caracteres de maior importância agronômica