LÍNGUAS SILENCIADAS, NENHUMA A MAIS!

Ana Vilacy Galucio (MCTI), no décimo terceiro artigo, “Línguas silenciadas, nenhuma a mais!”, nos convida a pensar os efeitos da COVID-19 sobre os povos da terra, a ampliação da política de morte praticada pelo atual governo e as enormes perdas que a humanidade sofre com o desaparecimento de povos originários, de suas histórias e de seus saberes.O Brasil é um país multilíngue, com uma grande diversidade linguística. Mais de 150 línguas dos povos originários são faladas atualmente no país, porém a maioria destas línguas está ameaçada, como consequência de um longo processo de silenciamento. Essa situação se agrava ainda mais no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 que tem afetado de forma dramática a estes povos, seja pelos efeitos da doença, que já ceifou mais de 800 vidas indígenas, seja pela ausência de ações efetivas de proteção. Nesse contexto, há também uma ameaça gigantesca à sobrevivência das línguas tradicionais desses povos, considerando que muitos dos indígenas afetados pela pandemia podem ser os últimos guardiães das línguas tradicionais de seus respectivos povos. Enquanto estudiosos da linguagem precisamos agir para que essas vozes de resistência não sejam caladas. Vidas indígenas importam, suas línguas importam

Reference tracking in the Sakurabiat and Wayoro languages: an analysis of matrix and subordinate clauses

A interrelação entre identificação de relações gramaticais, alinhamento morfossintático e rastreamento de referências é um campo de estudo ainda pouco investigado para línguas amazônicas. Os principais sistemas de identificação da relação entre sintagmas nominais argumentos e predicados são a ordem de constituintes, o caso nominal e a concordância verbal. Dentre esses sistemas, as línguas Tupi utilizam, em geral, uma combinação de ordem de constituintes e concordância/indexação verbal. Este estudo envolve línguas do ramo Tupari (Tupi), caracterizado por um sistema de alinhamento híbrido nominativo-absolutivo. Analisaremos dados das línguas Sakurabiat e Wayoro, aplicando a perspectiva tipológico-funcional (HASPELMATH, 2011; SHOPEN, 2007) para avançar na descrição do(s) sistema(s) de alinhamento, com foco especial na análise do rastreamento de referência na estrutura informacional. A análise de relações anafóricas e de controle entre cláusulas principais e subordinadas indica que os argumentos S/A funcionam como pivôs para o controle e identificação de referência.The relationship between the identification of grammatical relations, morphosyntactic alignment and reference tracking is a field of study that is still underinvestigated for Amazonian languages. The main systems for identifying the relationship between noun phrase arguments and predicates are constituent order, nominal case and verbal agreement. Among these systems, Tupian languages generally use a combination of constituent order and verbal agreement/indexation. This study involves languages of the Tupari branch (Tupian family), characterized by a nominative-absolutive alignment system. We will analyze data from the Sakurabiat and Wayoro languages, applying the typological-functional perspective (HASPELMATH, 2011; SHOPEN, 2007) to advance the description of the alignment system, with a special focus on the analysis of reference tracking in the information structure. The analysis of anaphoric and control relations between main and subordinate clauses indicates that the S/A arguments function as pivots for control and reference identification

Predicados Nominais e Adjetivais em Línguas do Ramo Tupari da Família Tupí

O ramo Tupari da família linguística Tupí é constituído pelas línguas: Akuntsú, Makurap, Sakurabiat, Tupari e Wayoro, faladas no estado de Rondônia, por grupos relativamente pequenos. Por esse motivo, são consideradas línguas fortemente ameaçadas de extinção. Os predicados não verbais são formados por construções em que as estruturas formais não possuem elemento verbal ou contêm um elemento verbal que apresenta marcas de propriedades estruturais copulares. Partindo dessa perspectiva, este artigo objetiva comparar os predicados não verbais nas cinco línguas Tupari, mais especificamente os predicados nominais e adjetivais, com base nos pressupostos teóricos apresentados por Stassen (1997), Payne (1997), Dryer (2007) e Overall, Vallejos e Gildea (2018). Empregamos a metodologia descritiva e comparativa, na abordagem da tipologia linguística (CROFT, 2003), para analisar um corpus comparativo retirado de trabalhos de Alves (2004), Aragon (2008, 2014), Braga (2005, 2009), Galucio (2001), Isidoro, R. Tuparí e I. Tuparí (2018), Nogueira (2014, 2019a, 2019b) e Singerman (2018a; 2018b; 2019), além de dados inéditos coletados especialmente para este trabalho, para a língua Sakurabiat, pelas autoras. Nossa análise revelou que, em todas as línguas Tupari, a predicação não verbal é realizada pela simples justaposição dos sintagmas nominais (SN) em predicados nominais e a justaposição de dois sintagmas nominais (SN SN) ou um sintagma nominal e um sintagma adjetival (SN SAdj), em predicados adjetivais. Por outro lado, nas línguas Sakurabiat, Tupari e Wayoro, identificamos uma tendência ao uso de cópulas não verbais e/ou morfemas identificados como verbalizadores, em determinadas construções. A presença ou ausência desses morfemas copulares nessas línguas está relacionada à polaridade e ao tempo verbal da sentença. Este recorte comparativo dos predicados não verbais (nominais e adjetivais), nas línguas do ramo Tupari, contribui para um entendimento mais amplo da tipologia da predicação não verbal nas línguas Tupí e poderá, futuramente, ser estendido para outras línguas amazônicas ou não

On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia

This edited volume offers a collection of twelve interlinear texts reflecting the vast linguistic diversity of Amazonia as well as the rich verbal arts and oral literature traditions of Amazonian peoples. Contributions to the volume come from a variety of geographic regions and represent the Carib, Jê, Tupi, East Tukano, Nadahup, and Pano language families, as well as three linguistic isolates. The selected texts exemplify a variety of narrative styles recounting the origins of constellations, crops, and sacred cemeteries, and of travel to worlds beyond death. We hear tales of tricksters and of encounters between humans and other beings, learn of battles between enemies, and gain insight into history and the indigenous perspective of creation, cordiality and confrontation. The contributions to this volume are the result of research efforts conducted since 2000, and as such, exemplify rapidly expanding investment and interest in documenting native Amazonian voices. They moreover demonstrate the collaborative efforts of linguists, anthropologists, and indigenous leaders, storytellers, and researchers to study and preserve Amazonian languages and cultures. Each chapter offers complete interlinear analysis as well as ample commentary on both linguistic and cultural aspects, appealing to a wide audience, including linguists, historians, anthropologists, and other social scientists. This collection is the first of its type, constituting a significant contribution to focused study of Amazonian linguistic diversity and a relevant addition to our broader knowledge of Amerindian languages and cosmologies

On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia

This edited volume offers a collection of twelve interlinear texts reflecting the vast linguistic diversity of Amazonia as well as the rich verbal arts and oral literature traditions of Amazonian peoples. Contributions to the volume come from a variety of geographic regions and represent the Carib, Jê, Tupi, East Tukano, Nadahup, and Pano language families, as well as three linguistic isolates. The selected texts exemplify a variety of narrative styles recounting the origins of constellations, crops, and sacred cemeteries, and of travel to worlds beyond death. We hear tales of tricksters and of encounters between humans and other beings, learn of battles between enemies, and gain insight into history and the indigenous perspective of creation, cordiality and confrontation. The contributions to this volume are the result of research efforts conducted since 2000, and as such, exemplify rapidly expanding investment and interest in documenting native Amazonian voices. They moreover demonstrate the collaborative efforts of linguists, anthropologists, and indigenous leaders, storytellers, and researchers to study and preserve Amazonian languages and cultures. Each chapter offers complete interlinear analysis as well as ample commentary on both linguistic and cultural aspects, appealing to a wide audience, including linguists, historians, anthropologists, and other social scientists. This collection is the first of its type, constituting a significant contribution to focused study of Amazonian linguistic diversity and a relevant addition to our broader knowledge of Amerindian languages and cosmologies

On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia

This edited volume offers a collection of twelve interlinear texts reflecting the vast linguistic diversity of Amazonia as well as the rich verbal arts and oral literature traditions of Amazonian peoples. Contributions to the volume come from a variety of geographic regions and represent the Carib, Jê, Tupi, East Tukano, Nadahup, and Pano language families, as well as three linguistic isolates. The selected texts exemplify a variety of narrative styles recounting the origins of constellations, crops, and sacred cemeteries, and of travel to worlds beyond death. We hear tales of tricksters and of encounters between humans and other beings, learn of battles between enemies, and gain insight into history and the indigenous perspective of creation, cordiality and confrontation. The contributions to this volume are the result of research efforts conducted since 2000, and as such, exemplify rapidly expanding investment and interest in documenting native Amazonian voices. They moreover demonstrate the collaborative efforts of linguists, anthropologists, and indigenous leaders, storytellers, and researchers to study and preserve Amazonian languages and cultures. Each chapter offers complete interlinear analysis as well as ample commentary on both linguistic and cultural aspects, appealing to a wide audience, including linguists, historians, anthropologists, and other social scientists. This collection is the first of its type, constituting a significant contribution to focused study of Amazonian linguistic diversity and a relevant addition to our broader knowledge of Amerindian languages and cosmologies

On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia

This edited volume offers a collection of twelve interlinear texts reflecting the vast linguistic diversity of Amazonia as well as the rich verbal arts and oral literature traditions of Amazonian peoples. Contributions to the volume come from a variety of geographic regions and represent the Carib, Jê, Tupi, East Tukano, Nadahup, and Pano language families, as well as three linguistic isolates. The selected texts exemplify a variety of narrative styles recounting the origins of constellations, crops, and sacred cemeteries, and of travel to worlds beyond death. We hear tales of tricksters and of encounters between humans and other beings, learn of battles between enemies, and gain insight into history and the indigenous perspective of creation, cordiality and confrontation. The contributions to this volume are the result of research efforts conducted since 2000, and as such, exemplify rapidly expanding investment and interest in documenting native Amazonian voices. They moreover demonstrate the collaborative efforts of linguists, anthropologists, and indigenous leaders, storytellers, and researchers to study and preserve Amazonian languages and cultures. Each chapter offers complete interlinear analysis as well as ample commentary on both linguistic and cultural aspects, appealing to a wide audience, including linguists, historians, anthropologists, and other social scientists. This collection is the first of its type, constituting a significant contribution to focused study of Amazonian linguistic diversity and a relevant addition to our broader knowledge of Amerindian languages and cosmologies

On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia

This edited volume offers a collection of twelve interlinear texts reflecting the vast linguistic diversity of Amazonia as well as the rich verbal arts and oral literature traditions of Amazonian peoples. Contributions to the volume come from a variety of geographic regions and represent the Carib, Jê, Tupi, East Tukano, Nadahup, and Pano language families, as well as three linguistic isolates. The selected texts exemplify a variety of narrative styles recounting the origins of constellations, crops, and sacred cemeteries, and of travel to worlds beyond death. We hear tales of tricksters and of encounters between humans and other beings, learn of battles between enemies, and gain insight into history and the indigenous perspective of creation, cordiality and confrontation. The contributions to this volume are the result of research efforts conducted since 2000, and as such, exemplify rapidly expanding investment and interest in documenting native Amazonian voices. They moreover demonstrate the collaborative efforts of linguists, anthropologists, and indigenous leaders, storytellers, and researchers to study and preserve Amazonian languages and cultures. Each chapter offers complete interlinear analysis as well as ample commentary on both linguistic and cultural aspects, appealing to a wide audience, including linguists, historians, anthropologists, and other social scientists. This collection is the first of its type, constituting a significant contribution to focused study of Amazonian linguistic diversity and a relevant addition to our broader knowledge of Amerindian languages and cosmologies