Wettability and corrosion of [NTf2] anion-based ionic liquids on steel and PVD (TiN, CrN, ZrN) coatings

Thewetting and corrosion behavior of three bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-based ionic liquids: 1-Dodecyl-3- methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C12MIM][NTf2], tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [N4441][NTf2] and methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [N1888][NTf2] are tested in this research. The surface tension was measured for temperatures of 293–353 K resulting in the expected linearly decreasing behavior with temperature increase. In addition, contact angle measurements were made on AISI 52100 steel and three coatings (TiN, CrN and ZrN) obtained by PVD technique, finding the regular behavior in hydrophobic (non-polar) systems: high contact angles led to high surface tensions. Complementary parameters like spreading parameter and polarity fraction were calculated to enhance the wetting evaluation of these ionic liquids. [N1888][NTf2]/TiN resulted as the best IL-surface combination for a good wettability, due to the higher dispersion of the charge on the large size cation in this IL and the higher values of total and polar component of the surface free energy for this coating. Finally, SEM-EDS analysis determined that [N1888][NTf2]/ZrN was the best option in order to avoid corrosion problems. The evaporation of water, present as impurity in the ionic liquids, was found the main reason because of corrosion did not occur in the tests carried out at 100 °C

Desempenho de novilhas leiteiras em pastagens anuais de inverno sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da recria de novilhas leiteiras em pastagens de inverno puras ou consorciadas, sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O experimento foi realizado no Município de Castro, PR. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial, com duas categorias de animais - leves, com 192±40,9 kg, e pesados, com 278±41,2 kg -, e dois tipos de pastagem: consorciada, composta de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum), aveia-preta (Avena strigosa), trevo branco (Trifolium repens) e trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratense); e pastagem pura de azevém anual. Foi utilizado o método de pastoreio contínuo com lotação variável, com altura de manejo de 20 cm. A pastagem com azevém anual proporcionou ganho de peso médio diário significativamente superior (0,93±0,032 kg por dia por animal) ao da pastagem consorciada (0,79±0,032 kg por dia por animal). Os animais leves apresentaram maior ganho de peso por hectare (3,54±0,163 kg ha-1 por dia) do que os pesados (2,99±0,163 kg ha-1 por dia), o que foi influenciado pelo tipo de pastagem: animais leves apresentaram melhor desempenho em pastagem pura, e animais pesados em pastagem consorciada. A recria de novilhas leiteiras é viável durante a fase de pastagens de sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária

Friction, wear and tribofilm formation with a [NTf2] anion-based ionic liquid as neat lubricant.

This paper presents the tribological behavior of methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [N1888][NTf2] ionic liquid as neat lubricant in a steel-steel contact. A ball-on-disk reciprocating rig was used: firstly, at constant frequency (15 Hz) under both variable loads (40 to 120 N) and sliding distances (216, 324 and 432 m); and secondly, at different frequencies (10 to 30 Hz) and constant both load (80 N) and sliding distance (432 m). Slight friction variations and increasing wear with rising loads was found at constant frequency. Different behavior was found at constant load. The tribofilm thickness formed on the worn surface was closely related to testing conditions and controlled tribological behavior

Identification of circulating lncRNAs associated with gallbladder cancer risk by tissue-based preselection, cis-eQTL validation, and analysis of association with genotype-based expression.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in cell processes and are good candi-dates for cancer risk prediction. Few studies have investigated the association between individual genotypes and lncRNA expression. Here we integrate three separate datasets with information on lncRNA expression only, both lncRNA expression and genotype, and genotype information only to identify circulating lncRNAs associated with the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) using robust linear and logistic regression techniques. In the first dataset, we preselect lncRNAs based on expression changes along the sequence “gallstones → dysplasia → GBC”. In the second dataset, we validate associations between genetic variants and serum expression levels of the preselected lncR-NAs (cis-lncRNA-eQTLs) and build lncRNA expression prediction models. In the third dataset, we predict serum lncRNA expression based on individual genotypes and assess the association between genotype-based expression and GBC risk. AC084082.3 and LINC00662 showed increasing expression levels (p-value = 0.009), while C22orf34 expression decreased in the sequence from gallstones to GBC (p-value = 0.04). We identified and validated two cis-LINC00662-eQTLs (r2 = 0.26) and three cis-C22orf34-eQTLs (r2 = 0.24). Only LINC00662 showed a genotyped-based serum expression associated with GBC risk (OR = 1.25 per log2 expression unit, 95% CI 1.04–1.52, p-value = 0.02). Our results suggest that preselection of lncRNAs based on tissue samples and exploitation of cis-lncRNA-eQTLs may facilitate the identification of circulating noncoding RNAs linked to cancer risk