Life History Traits of Talicada nyseus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Butterfly Under Laboratory Conditions

The butterfly Talicada nyseus G. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is abundant in India and Sri Lanka (Karunaratne, et al., 2002). In India, this butterfly is chiefly found in the peninsular area, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab and foothills of the Himalayas (Singh, 2005). The host plants of this butterfly include Kalanchoe spp. (Saxifragales: Crassulaceae). Adult Talicada nyseus feed on nectar of surrounding flowering plants but are also reported to feed on lichens (Karunaratne, et al., 2002). Recently it has been discovered that Talicada nyseus is infected with maternally inherited Wolbachia bacteria (Ankola, et al., 2011; Salunke, et al., 2012) and exhibits a female biased sex ratio (Ankola, et al., 2011). It is suspected that the presence of the female biased sex ratio in this butterfly is caused by its endosybiont Wolbachia. As an endosymbiont, Wolbachia is known to cause female biased sex ratio in butterfly hosts by inducing two distinct reproductive anomalies: feminization of genetic males (Hiroki et al., 2004) and male killing (Jigginset al., 2001; Charlat et al., 2005). It is essential to record scientific data regarding the life history traits of Talicada nyseus naturally infected with Wolbachia. In the present report life history traits of Talicada nyseus which harbor Wolbachia infection were studied under controlled conditions. The individual Talicada nyseus specimens used for the study were collected from a laboratory reared population which was previously confirmed to be heavily infected with Wolbachia. Five individual mated pairs were used separately for the present study. The life cycle was analyzed at 28.09 ± 0.564° C. The data collected were statistically analyzed by paired t-test with the help of SPSS 7.5. Wolbachia infection in this butterfly was previously documented by Ankola etal. (2011). The fecundity of Talicada nyseus was found to be ranging from 61.6± 12.08 to 66.4 ± 17.75 (Table 1). The fecundity data obtained from the present study is in agreement with our previous report (Ankola et al., 2011). More than 95% hatchability was recorded during the present investigation indicating that there might not be male-killing induced by Wolbachia in Talicada nyseus (Jiggins et al., 2000; Charlat et al., 2007). The hatching time required for eggs ranged from 7.4 ± 1.83 to 9.6 ± 2.71 (Table 1). Furthermore, the time required for th

A CRITICAL AYURVEDIC LITERARY REVIEW OF THE PLANT PANASA (ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS LAM.)

Panasa (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam), the well known jackfruit tree is widely distributed all over the world. It is a treasure trove of various ethnomedical uses which are yet to be proven scientifically. Its fruit is very delicious and its leaves, root, latex, seed and wood are reported to have many medicinal properties. Though the plant is renowned for its nutritive values, the useful parts of the plant with rich medicinal values are less utilized for medicinal purposes. The plant is well described in Ayurvedic classics where prime importance has been given to its fruit whereas least references are available concerned to its other useful parts especially the leaf. This forms the literature gap concerned with this drug that hinders its further clinical researches. A compiled review of the classical literature of Panasa is not yet available as a ready reference. Hence it is a herculean task for the researcher to compile the literature which is scattered in various classical books of different era. In this work focus has been made to compile the literature of the plant Panasa (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) from the Ayurvedic classics. As this work provides the literature of this plant under a single roof it will be helpful for the scholars in future research works

Archaeological Landscapes during the 10–8 ka Lake Stanley Lowstand on the Alpena‐Amberley Ridge, Lake Huron

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136243/1/gea21590.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136243/2/gea21590_am.pd

Precise measurement of hadronic tau-decays with an eta meson

We have studied hadronic tau decay modes involving an eta meson using 490 fb^{-1} of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. The following branching fractions have been measured: B(tau- -> K- eta nu)=(1.58 +- 0.05 +- 0.09)x 10^{-4}, B(tau- -> K- pi0 eta nu)=(4.6 +- 1.1 +- 0.4)x 10^{-5}, B(tau- -> pi- pi0 eta nu)=(1.35 +- 0.03 +- 0.07)x 10^{-3}, B(tau- -> pi- KS eta nu)=(4.4 +- 0.7 +- 0.2)x 10^{-5}, and B(tau- -> K^{*-} eta nu)=(1.34 +- 0.12 +- 0.09)x 10^{-4}. These results are substantially more precise than previous measurements. The new measurements are compared with theoretical calculations based on the CVC hypothesis or the chiral perturbation theory. We also set upper limits on branching fractions for tau decays into K- KS eta nu, pi- KS pi0 eta nu, K- eta eta nu, pi- eta eta nu and non-resonant K- pi^0 eta nu final states.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure

Measurements of exclusive B_s^0 decays at the Y(5S) resonance

Several exclusive $B_s^0$ decays are studied using a 1.86 fb-1 data sample collected at the Y(5S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e^+ e^- collider. In the $B_s^0 \to D_s^- \pi^+$ decay mode we find 10 $B_s^0$ candidates and measure the corresponding branching fraction. Combining the B_s^0 -> D_s^{(*)-} \pi^+, B_s^0 -> D_s^{(*)-} \rho^+, B_s^0 -> J/\psi \phi and B_s^0 -> J/\psi \eta decay modes, a significant $B_s^0$ signal is observed. The ratio \sigma (e^+ e^- -> B_s^* \bar{B}_s^*) / \sigma (e^+ e^- -> B_s^{(*)} \bar{B}_s^{(*)}) = (93^{+7}_{-9} \pm 1)% is obtained at the Y(5S) energy, indicating that $B_s^0$ meson production proceeds predominantly through the creation of $B^*_s \bar{B}^*_s$ pairs. The $B_s^0$ and $B_s^*$ meson masses are measured to be M(B_s^0)=(5370 \pm 1 \pm 3)MeV/c^2 and M(B_s^*)=(5418 \pm 1 \pm 3)MeV/c^2. Upper limits on the B_s^0 -> \gamma \gamma, B_s^0 -> \phi \gamma, B_s^0 -> K^+ K^- and B_s^0 -> D_s^{(*)+} D_s^{(*)-} branching fractions are also reported.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, published in Phys. Rev. D76, 012002 (2007

Search for Resonant B±→K±h→K±γγB^{\pm}\to K^{\pm} h \to K^{\pm} \gamma \gamma Decays at Belle

We report measurements and searches for resonant $B^{\pm} \to K^{\pm} h \to K^{\pm} \gamma \gamma$ decays where $h$ is a $\eta,\eta^{\prime},\eta_{c},\eta_{c}(2S),\chi_{c0},\chi_{c2},J/\psi$ meson or the X(3872) particle.Comment: accepted by Physics Letters

Study of charmonia in four-meson final states produced in two-photon collisions

We report measurements of charmonia produced in two-photon collisions and decaying to four-meson final states, where the meson is either a charged pion or a charged kaon. The analysis is based on a 395fb^{-1} data sample accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider. We observe signals for the three C-even charmonia eta_c(1S), chi_{c0}(1P) and chi_{c2}(1P) in the pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^-, K^+K^-pi^+pi^- and K^+K^-K^+K^- decay modes. No clear signals for eta_c(2S) production are found in these decay modes. We have also studied resonant structures in charmonium decays to two-body intermediate meson resonances. We report the products of the two-photon decay width and the branching fractions, Gamma_{gamma gamma}B, for each of the charmonium decay modes.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figure