Coconvex Pointwise Approximation

Assume that a function f ∈ C[−1, 1] changes its convexity at a finite collection Y := {y 1, ... y s} of s points yi ∈ (−1, 1). For each n > N(Y), we construct an algebraic polynomial Pn of degree ≤ n that is coconvex with f, i.e., it changes its convexity at the same points yi as f and |f(x)−Pn(x)| ≤ cω₂ (f, (√(1−x²))/n,x∈[−1,1], where c is an absolute constant, ω₂(f, t) is the second modulus of smoothness of f, and if s = 1, then N(Y) = 1. We also give some counterexamples showing that this estimate cannot be extended to the case of higher smoothness.Нехай функція f ∈ C[−1,1] змінює свою опуклість у скінченному наборі Y := {y₁,...ys} точок yi ∈ (−1,1). Для кожного n > N(Y) будується алгебраїчний многочлен Pn степеня ≤n, який є коопуклим з f, тобто змінює свою опуклість в тих самих точках yi, що й f, а |f(x)−Pn(x)| ≤ cω₂ (f, (√(1−x²))/n,x∈[−1,1], де c — абсолютна стала, ω₂(f,t)—другий модуль неперервності f, і якщо s=1, то N(Y)=1. Наведено також контрприклади, що показують, зокрема, неможливість поширення цієї оцінки для більшої гладкості

Negative nonlinear damping of a multilayer graphene mechanical resonator

We experimentally investigate the nonlinear response of a multilayer graphene resonator using a superconducting microwave cavity to detect its motion. The radiation pressure force is used to drive the mechanical resonator in an optomechanically induced transparency configuration. By varying the amplitudes of drive and probe tones, the mechanical resonator can be brought into a nonlinear limit. Using the calibration of the optomechanical coupling, we quantify the mechanical Duffing nonlinearity. By increasing the drive force, we observe a decrease in the mechanical dissipation rate at large amplitudes, suggesting a negative nonlinear damping mechanism in the graphene resonator. Increasing the optomechanical backaction further, we observe instabilities in the mechanical response.</p

Strong and tunable couplings in flux-mediated optomechanics

We investigate a superconducting interference device (SQUID) with two asymmetric Josephson junctions coupled to a mechanical resonator embedded in the loop of the SQUID. We quantize this system in the case when the frequency of the mechanical resonator is much lower than the cavity frequency of the SQUID and in the case when they are comparable. In the first case, the radiation pressure and the cross-Kerr type interactions arise and are modified by the asymmetry. The cross-Kerr type coupling is the leading term at the extremum points where the radiation pressure is zero. In the second case, the main interaction is the single-photon beam splitter, which exists only at a finite asymmetry. Another interaction in this regime is of cross-Kerr type, which exists at all asymmetries, but is generally much weaker than the beam splitter interaction. Increasing magnetic field can substantially enhance the optomechanical couplings strength with a potential for the radiation pressure coupling to reach the single-photon strong coupling regime, even the ultrastrong coupling regime, in which the single-photon coupling rate exceeds the mechanical frequency.QN/Blanter GroupQN/Steele La

Optomechanical response of a nonlinear mechanical resonator

We investigate theoretically in detail the nonlinear effects in the response of an optical/microwave cavity coupled to a Duffing mechanical resonator. The cavity is driven by a laser at a red or blue mechanical subband, and a probe laser measures the reflection close to the cavity resonance. Under these conditions, we find that the cavity exhibits optomechanically induced reflection (OMIR) or absorption (OMIA) and investigate the optomechanical response in the limit of nonlinear driving of the mechanics. Similar to linear mechanical drive, in an overcoupled cavity the red sideband drive may lead to both OMIA and OMIR depending on the strength of the drive, whereas the blue sideband drive only leads to OMIR. The dynamics of the phase of the mechanical resonator leads to the difference between the shapes of the response of the cavity and the amplitude response of the driven Duffing oscillator, for example, at weak red sideband drive the OMIA dip has no inflection point. We also verify that mechanical nonlinearities beyond Duffing model have little effect on the size of the OMIA dip though they affect the width of the dip.QN/Quantum NanoscienceApplied Science

One-step assembly and targeted integration of multigene constructs assisted by the I-SceI meganuclease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In vivo assembly of overlapping fragments by homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful method to engineer large DNA constructs. Whereas most in vivo assembly methods reported to date result in circular vectors, stable integrated constructs are often preferred for metabolic engineering as they are required for large-scale industrial application. The present study explores the potential of combining in vivo assembly of large, multigene expression constructs with their targeted chromosomal integration in S. cerevisiae. Combined assembly and targeted integration of a ten-fragment 22-kb construct to a single chromosomal locus was successfully achieved in a single transformation process, but with low efficiency (5% of the analyzed transformants contained the correctly assembled construct). The meganuclease I-SceI was therefore used to introduce a double-strand break at the targeted chromosomal locus, thus to facilitate integration of the assembled construct. I-SceI-assisted integration dramatically increased the efficiency of assembly and integration of the same construct to 95%. This study paves the way for the fast, efficient, and stable integration of large DNA constructs in S. cerevisiae chromosomes.BT/BiotechnologyApplied Science