Efeito da adição de farinha de linhaça à dieta sobre a concentração de colesterol e ácidos graxos em camarões

Avaliou-se a expressão de ácidos graxos, macronutrientes e colesterol de camarões-da-malásia alimentados com dieta adicionada de sementes de linhaça. Quinhentos camarões foram distribuídos em dois grupos e alimentados durante 90 dias com dietas contendo: 1) lipídeo proveniente de linhaça e 2) óleo de soja (controle). A concentração de proteína foi maior (Р<0,05) para o grupo-linhaça, 15,8±0,09%, em relação ao grupo-controle, 15,2±0,04%. O peso corporal também se apresentou maior no grupo-linhaça, 1,38±0,93g, em relação ao grupo-controle, 0,93±0,48g. O grupo-linhaça apresentou teor de colesterol de 120,8±23,9mg/100g e o grupo-controle, 130,2±13,9mg/100g, porém sem diferença estatística significativa. Em relação ao perfil lipídico, a suplementação da dieta com linhaça influenciou a incorporação do ácido oleico (C18:1, ω-9) e melhorou a relação ω-6/ω-3 na carne do camarão (Р<0,05). Concluiu-se que a adição de linhaça à ração promoveu importantes modificações na qualidade nutricional dos tecidos do camarão

4-[(Dimethylamino)methylidene]-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one

The title molecule, C(12)H(11)N(3)O(4), is essentially planar, the r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms being 0.068 angstrom. An intramolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bond occurs. The crystal packing is dominated by pi-pi interactions [shortest centroid-centroid distance = 3.6312 (16) angstrom], which lead to supra-molecular chains that are linked into a three-dimensional network via C-H center dot center dot center dot O contacts. The crystal was found to be a non-merohedral twin ( twin law -1 0 0/0 - 1 0/0.784 0 1), the fractional contribution of the minor component being approximately 22%

Bacterial spot and early blight biocontrol by epiphytic bacteria in tomato plants

The objective of this work was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo biocontrol of bacterial spot (Xanthomonas vesicatoria) and early blight (Alternaria solani) by the epiphytic bacteria Paenibacillus macerans and Bacillus pumilus. Tomato plants were previously sprayed with epiphytic bacteria, benzalkonium chloride and PBS buffer and, after four days, they were inoculated with A. solani and X. vesicatoria. To determine the phytopathogenic bacteria population, leaflet samples were collected from each treatment every 24 hours, for seven days, and plated on semi-selective medium. The effect of epiphytic bacteria over phytopathogens was performed by the antibiosis test and antagonistic activity measured by inhibition zone diameter. The epiphytic and benzalkonium chloride drastically reduced the severity of early blight and bacterial spot in comparison to the control (PBS). In detached leaflets, the epiphytic bacteria reduced in 70% the number of phytopathogenic bacteria cells in the phylloplane. The antibiosis test showed that the epiphytic bacteria efficiently inhibit the phytopathogens growth. In all the bioassays, the epiphytic bacteria protect tomato plants against the phytopathogen

First-line antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and switch at higher versus low viral load in HIV-infected children: An open-label, randomised phase 2/3 trial

Background: Children with HIV will be on antiretroviral therapy (ART) longer than adults, and therefore the durability of first-line ART and timing of switch to second-line are key questions. We assess the long-term outcome of protease inhibitor and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) first-line ART and viral load switch criteria in children. Methods: In a randomised open-label factorial trial, we compared effectiveness of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus a protease inhibitor versus two NRTIs plus an NNRTI and of switch to second-line ART at a viral load of 1000 copies per mL versus 30 000 copies per mL in previously untreated children infected with HIV from Europe and North and South America. Random assignment was by computer-generated sequentially numbered lists stratified by age, region, and by exposure to perinatal ART. Primary outcome was change in viral load between baseline and 4 years. Analysis was by intention to treat, which we defined as all patients that started treatment. This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN73318385. Findings: Between Sept 25, 2002, and Sept 7, 2005, 266 children (median age 6\ub75 years; IQR 2\ub78-12\ub79) were randomly assigned treatment regimens: 66 to receive protease inhibitor and switch to second-line at 1000 copies per mL (PI-low), 65 protease inhibitor and switch at 30 000 copies per mL (PI-higher), 68 NNRTI and switch at 1000 copies per mL (NNRTI-low), and 67 NNRTI and switch at 30 000 copies per mL (NNRTI-higher). Median follow-up was 5\ub70 years (IQR 4\ub72-6\ub70) and 188 (71%) children were on first-line ART at trial end. At 4 years, mean reductions in viral load were -3\ub716 log10copies per mL for protease inhibitors versus -3\ub731 log10copies per mL for NNRTIs (difference -0\ub715 log10copies per mL, 95% CI -0\ub741 to 0\ub711; p=0\ub726), and -3\ub726 log10copies per mL for switching at the low versus -3\ub720 log10copies per mL for switching at the higher threshold (difference 0\ub706 log10copies per mL, 95% CI -0\ub720 to 0\ub732; p=0\ub756). Protease inhibitor resistance was uncommon and there was no increase in NRTI resistance in the PI-higher compared with the PI-low group. NNRTI resistance was selected early, and about 10% more children accumulated NRTI mutations in the NNRTI-higher than the NNRTI-low group. Nine children had new CDC stage-C events and 60 had grade 3/4 adverse events; both were balanced across randomised groups. Interpretation: Good long-term outcomes were achieved with all treatments strategies. Delayed switching of protease-inhibitor-based ART might be reasonable where future drug options are limited, because the risk of selecting for NRTI and protease-inhibitor resistance is low. Funding: Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) and Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG/IMPAACT). \ua9 2011 Elsevier Ltd