Studying the expression of productivity and immunity genes of chickens under the influence of feed glyphosate using the RNA-seq method

The aim of the study was to study the effect of different concentrations of glyphosate on meat productivity and differential expression of genes for immunity and broiler productivity. Broilers were divided into groups: Control I, who received a diet without the introduction of glyphosate, Experimental II, who received a diet with the addition of glyphosate at a dose of 10 mg/kg of feed (0.5 MPC for food); Experimental III, who received a diet with the addition of glyphosate at a dose of 20 mg/kg of feed (1 MPC); Experimental IV, who received a diet with the addition of glyphosate at a dose of 100 mg/kg of feed (5 MPC). Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA-seq on the Illumina Miseq platform, using the TruSeq Stranded mRNA kit (Illumina, USA). In the 22-28-day period of broiler rearing, a decrease in live weight gain (83 g less) was observed in Experimental group III compared to Control I (P≤0.05). It has been shown that glyphosate at the level of 1 and 5 MPC for food causes activation (P≤0.05) of the proinflammatory response genes (IL15, IL1B, IL34, IL22) and apoptosis (Casp1, Casp2, Casp6, Casp7, Casp8, Casp9) up to 31.1 times, which probably leads to the redistribution of nutrients in in the body towards the immune system, reducing the functions of absorption in the intestine. In parallel, there is an inhibition (P≤0.05) of the expression of genes that have a direct effect on growth and development, which ultimately leads to a decrease in poultry meat productivity. Exposure to glyphosate is an important but unaccounted-for risk factor for reducing meat productivity in birds, acting through a change in gene expression

Critical sound attenuation in a diluted Ising system

The field-theoretic description of dynamical critical effects of the influence of disorder on acoustic anomalies near the temperature of the second-order phase transition is considered for three-dimensional Ising-like systems. Calculations of the sound attenuation in pure and dilute Ising-like systems near the critical point are presented. The dynamical scaling function for the critical attenuation coefficient is calculated. The influence of quenched disorder on the asymptotic behaviour of the critical ultrasonic anomalies is discussed.Comment: 12 RevTeX pages, 4 figure

Similarity analysis of silage, rumen and milk microbiota in dairy cows

Diseases that occur in such a multifactorial system as animal husbandry are determined not only by internal factors of the body, for example, the composition of the microflora of the digestive system, but also by external factors, such as feed. The aim of the study was to analyze the similarity of the microbiota of silage fed to cows with the composition of the microflora of their rumen and milk using the NGS sequencing method. The experiment was carried out on one of the commercial farms of the Leningrad region. The bacterial community of the contents of rumen, milk and silage from perennial cereals and legumes was evaluated by NGS sequencing on the MiSeq platform (Illumina, Inc., USA) with primers for the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. As a result of the study, 22 phylum of attributed microorganisms were found in the microflora of silage, 24 to 30 phylum of rumen, 18 phylum of milk. Similar taxa of microorganisms were identified in silage, rumen and milk, the main difference was noted in quantitative ratios (P≤0.05). For example, the amount of Firmicutes in silage was 52.9 ± 3.45%, in milk - 11.8 ± 0.78%. This suggests that there may be some relationship between the studied biotopes. Pathogenic microorganisms, including the causative agents of mastitis, were present in many samples. The genera Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Streptococcus and Fusobacterium were identified by us as the most represented (P≤0.05) in the composition of the milk microflora. Their content was 0.24±0.023, 1.8±1.23, 1.0±0.06 and 0.35±0.031%, respectively. Probably, the microflora of the rumen can influence the formation of the milk microbiota

Evaluation of the potential accuracy of the pulsed radio signals source coordinate determination by the positioning system using a single UAV-sensor

An approach to determining the coordinates of pulsed radio signals sources by the positioningsystem in the application of a single unmanned aerial vehicles sensor is shown in this article. Therange-difference location method allows to determinate an informative coordinate parameter withoutretransmission and internal synchronization of receiving points. The result is achieved by improving thewell-known scientific and methodological apparatus with considering some features of the operationmode of pulsed radio signals sources. Presenting results of the simulation allow to estimate theinfluence of main input factors on the potential accuracy of the pulsed radio signal source coordinatedetermination

Experimental study of direct photon emission in K- --> pi- pi0 gamma decay using ISTRA+ detector

The branching ratio in the charged-pion kinetic energy region of 55 to 90 MeV for the direct photon emission in the K- --> pi- pi0 gamma decay has been measured using in-flight decays detected with the ISTRA+ setup operating in the 25 GeV/c negative secondary beam of the U-70 PS. The value Br(DE)=[0.37+-0.39(stat)+-0.10(syst)]*10^(-5) obtained from the analysis of 930 completely reconstructed events is consistent with the average value of two stopped-kaon experiments, but it differs by 2.5 standard deviations from the average value of three in-flight-kaon experiments. The result is also compared with recent theoretical predictions.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

[Changing the intestinal microbiota of chickens in ontogenesis] Изменение микробиоты кишечника кур в онтогенезе

This paper presents the results of a molecular genetic analysis of the changes in the composition of the microbiota of the blind processes of the intestine of the hens of the industrial loam "Lohmann Brown" during ontogeny. According to the results of the analysis of taxonomic affiliation it is established that over 70% of the phylotypes belong to the three phylums - Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, less represented were Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Fusobacteria, and a significant number of unidentified bacteria was detected. During ontogenesis, birds exhibited marked changes in the ratio of the number of phylotypes and taxonomic groups of the intestinal microbiota. At the age of 20-40 weeks, the birds showed a significant increase in the representatives of the Clostridia class involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, acid-utilizing bacteria of the order Negativicutes and bacteria with high antagonistic properties (Bifidobacteriales, Bacillus), as well as a significant decrease in the content of a number of opportunistic and pathogenic taxa - family Enterobacteriaceae, the order of Pseudomonadales, phylum Tenericutes. The greatest homogeneity of the bacterial community of the blind processes of the gastrointestinal tract in laying hens was revealed at the age of 20 weeks, which is confirmed by the estimation of biodiversity by means of ecological indices. В настоящем исследовании представлены результаты молекулярно-генетического анализа изменения состава микробиоты слепых отростков кишечника кур промышленного кросса «Ломанн Браун» в течение онтогенеза. По результатам анализа таксономической принадлежности установлено, что свыше 70% филотипов относится к трем филумам - Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes и Proteobacteria, менее представлены были Actinobacteria, Tenericutes и Fusobacteria, а также выявлено присутствие значительного количества неидентифицированных бактерий. В течение онтогенеза у птиц наблюдались заметные изменения соотношения количества филотипов и таксономических групп микробиоты кишечника. В возрасте 20-40 недель у птиц отмечено достоверное увеличение представителей класса Clostridia, участвующих в метаболизме углеводов, кислот-утилизирующих бактерий порядка Negativicutes и бактерий с высокими антагонистическими свойствами (Bifidobacteriales, Bacillus), а также достоверное снижение содержания ряда условно-патогенных и патогенных таксонов – семейства Enterobacteriaceae, порядка Pseudomonadales, филума Tenericutes. Наибольшая однородность бактериального сообщества слепых отростков ЖКТ у несушек выявлена в 20-недельном возрасте, что подтверждается оценкой биоразнообразия при помощи экологических индексов

Modelling effects of phytobiotic administration on coherent responses to Salmonella infection in laying hens

Practice of layer poultry farming and commercial egg production relies on the optimal use and improvement of the welfare and genetically determined functional abilities of laying hens, their efficient intake of feed and its components, adaptation to housing conditions and resistance to infectious diseases including salmonellosis. Previous studies were focussed on relationships of chicken performance and resistance with the expression profiles of individual genes involved in metabolic processes and immune system, or with genetic markers that can be closely associated with these processes in chickens. In this study, mathematical models of coherent changes in laying hens were developed for the expression of eight genes involved in immunity and metabolism, on the one hand, and biochemical and immunological blood parameters, on the other hand, in response to Salmonella infection and administration of a phytobiotic Intebio. The proposed modelling approach can be a further basis for an in-depth research of the relationship between the gene expression, functional state and welfare of poultry, impact of pathogenic microorganisms and use of immunomodulatory drugs

Observation of the radiative kaon decay K- --> mu-pi0gammanu

Using data collected with the ISTRA+ spectrometer during the 2001 run of the U-70 proton synchrotron in Protvino, we report the first observation of the radiative kaon decay K- -->mu-pi0gammanu. We find Br(Kmu3g)/Br(Kmu3) for two regions 5<Eg<30 and 30<Eg<60 MeV consistent with theoretical predictions. The measured angular distribution asymmetry for the first region, 0.093+/-0.141, is two standard deviations away from the theoretical prediction of 0.354. The measured asymmetry in the T-odd variable is -0.03+/-0.13.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figurs, submitted to Yadernaya Fizik