AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL FEED AND MALTING BARLEY MARKETS: AN ECONOMETRIC SPATIAL OLIGOPOLISTIC APPROACH

A "hybrid" spatial price equilibrium model is developed to evaluate changes in production, consumption, and trade of feed and malting barley under alternative domestic and agricultural trade policy regimes. The analysis includes the economic welfare impacts of changes in various farm subsidy programs on the United States, Canada, Australia, and European Union (EU-15) which are the four major barley exporting countries in the world. The actions of competitive U.S. grain traders under the Export Enhancement Program cause feed barley exports to be segmented into two distinct markets. A spatial equilibrium is established in which the Canadian Wheat Board and Australian marketing boards behave as oligopolists in export markets under arbitrage conditions induced by U.S. and EU-15 grain traders.Malting, Feed, Farm Subsidy, Trade Policy, Export Market, Welfare, International Relations/Trade,

THE IMPACT OF THE EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM ON INTERNATIONAL FEED BARLEY MARKETS

A "hybrid" spatial price equilibrium model is developed to evaluate differences in trade flows and equilibrium prices for feed and malting barley exports from the U.S., Canada, Australia, and European Union, caused by the U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP). The analysis incorporates the relationships among several policy instruments.Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade,

Structure of Acculturation Attitudes and their Relationships with Personality and Psychological Adaptation: A Study with Immigrant and National Samples in Germany

This contribution deals with the structure of acculturation attitudes and their relationship with personality dimensions and psychological adaptation. Based on two German samples—an immigrant and a national one— evidence suggests that four independent factors are underlying acculturation styles as assessed with the Acculturation Attitudes Styles (AAS). Integration, Assimilation, Separation, and Marginalization are independent, lowly correlated constructs and represent distinct modes of coping with acculturation demands. Analyses also demonstrate that each acculturation factor shows a specific pattern of personality characteristics, including basic temperament dimensions, cognitive styles, coping, and components of emotional intelligence. Finally, the four acculturation styles can predict psychological adaptation such as wellbeing, happiness, etc. Integration is the most adaptive acculturation strategy, whereas Separation and Marginalization most strongly predict negative outcomes

Practical Experiences with LSAFT

The synthetic aperture focussing techniques are known to be a powerful tool in analyzing defects. Instead of the two dimensional SAFT which is developed in [1], a simpler version has been realized where a manipulator moves a probe or a couple of probes along one line only. Therefore the processed image is a B-scan image beneath that scanned line pointing in the insonification direction. First experiments have been made during an exchange program NRC-BMFT [2] at the end of 1980 at Southwest-Research-Institute at San Antonio, Texas. Based upon that work a new system has been developed at IzfP called HOLOSAFT [3], where the LSAFT part plays an important role in the evaluation of depth extension, flaw inclination and positioning. During the past years more than 5000 LSAFT scans have been recorded and evaluated using either pulse echo technique or tandem, longitudinal waves or shear waves. In the following the new data acquisition and evaluation system will be explained in detail and the practical experience with the LSAFT imaging system will be reported

A dynamical interpretation of low frequency motions near very rough topography----the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone

As a sequel to Schmitz and Hogg (1978), nine-month moored observations of current and temperature from the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone are further described, and then interpreted in terms of low frequency quasigeostrophic motions. Large vertical and horizontal changes are observed in the variance of both mean and fluctuating components. It is demonstrated that these changes could be associated with the (complex) nature of the topography...

In Vitro Studies of Encrustations on Catheters, a Model of Infection Stone Formation

Deposition of infection-induced stone material on urinary catheters is a common problem in urological patients. Therefore, a crystallization model was developed in order to form this material in a reproducible manner. Furthermore, the dissolving potency of two solutions (Suby-G® and Solution-R®) was investigated with this model. The encrustations were examined by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, chemical encrustation analysis , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis. In addition, the encrustations were calculated from the results of the urine analysis, before and after each experiment, as contents remaining in each artificial bladder. The model conditions changed during the experiment and led to supersaturation for struvite. The encrustation analysis resulted in 73 .5 % (IR spectroscopy) and 78.5 % struvite (chemical encrustation analysis) respectively. The calculated encrustation by urinary losses of stone forming contents resulted in 79.3% struvite. SEM showed that after the experiment, the catheters carried large amounts of mineral deposition and bacterial biofilm on their inner and outer surface. During the experiment, the catheters lost their homogeneous surface; cracks appeared and material was lost. X-ray microanalysis showed peaks for Mg, P and Ca (infection-induced stone material), Si (catheter material), Al (sample carrier) and Ag (conductive material) and supported the encrustation analysis. The solutions tested showed high dissolving capacities for infection stone material. After irrigation of the bladder with both solutions tested, 70 % and 85 % respectively, of struvite was dissolved

Утилизация отходов биологического производства

В статье рассматривается проблема утилизации отходов, так как в год Экологии это тема стала актуальной. На каждом предприятии и в каждом доме увеличилось количество мусора и от этого страдает экологическая обстановка в каждом городе. В статье подробно узучена тема биологического производства. К биологическим отходам относятся ткани и органы, образующиеся в результате медицинской и ветеринарной оперативной практики, медико-биологических экспериментов, гибели скота, других животных и птиц, и другие отходы, получаемые при переработке пищевого и непищевого сырья животного происхождения, а также отходы биотехнологической промышленности.The article deals with the problem of waste disposal as in the year of the Environment this issue has become topical. Every enterprise and every household increased the amount of debris and suffers the environmental situation in each city. The article Azucena the theme of biological production. Biodegradable waste includes tissues and organs resulting from operational medical and veterinary practice, medical and biological experiments, loss of livestock, other animals and birds, and other waste obtained in the processing of food and non-food raw materials of animal origin and waste products of the biotechnology industry

Carryover Effect of New Soybean Herbicides on Corn

Scepter, Canopy, Gemini, Classic, and Command are new soybean herbicides which were introduced in 1986 and are being used in Kentucky. These herbicides have gained widespread popularity because of their excellent control of cocklebur, pigweeds, morningglories, and velvetleaf. In addition, they can be applied in a variety of ways which makes them attractive to the soybean producer. However, these herbicides do have potential shortcomings in that they can persist in the soil for several months and cause injury to rotational crops such as corn or wheat. Since greater than 60% of the soybeans grown in Kentucky are rotated to corn, it is important to know the persistence potential of these newer soybean herbicides. Chlorimuron is one of the active ingredients in Canopy, Preview, Gemini, Lorox Plus, and Classic. We have conducted research with chlorimuron at rates comparable to those recommended for Canopy and Gemini. Research on the persistence of Scepter, Command, and Canopy was started in 1985. After having been applied to the soil and soybeans grown, corn was planted the following year, and the degree of corn injury monitored. The persistence of Scepter and Command was determined in three tillage systems: conventional moldboard plowing and disking; full-season no-tillage in which a wheat cover crop was killed with Gramoxone Super 10 days prior to planting; double-crop no-tillage in which soybeans were planted after wheat harvest. Canopy persistence was determined in conventionally tilled soils that had a pH of 5.3, 6.3, or 7.3. All herbicides were applied at their labeled rate and at 1.5 and 2 times the labeled rate

Spacelab 3: Research in microgravity

The Spacelab 3 mission, which focused on research in microgravity, took place during the period April 29 through May 6, 1985. Spacelab 3 was the second flight of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's modular Shuttle-borne research facility. An overview of the mission is presented. Preliminary scientific results from the mission were presented by investigators at a symposium held at Marshall Space Flight Center on December 4, 1985. This special issue is based on reports presented at that symposium