95 research outputs found
MSAT-X electronically steered phased array antenna system
A low profile electronically steered phased array was successfully developed for the Mobile Satellite Experiment Program (MSAT-X). The newly invented cavity-backed printed crossed-slot was used as the radiating element. The choice of this element was based on its low elevation angle gain coverage and low profile. A nineteen-way radial type unequal power divider and eighteen three-bit diode phase shifters constitute the beamformer module which is used to scan the beams electronically. A complete hybrid mode pointing system was also developed. The major features of the antenna system are broad coverage, low profile, and fast acquisition and tracking performance, even under fading conditions. Excellent intersatellite isolation (better than 26 dB) was realized, which will provide good quality mobile satellite communication in the future
Thruster Plume Plasma Diagnostics: A Ground Chamber Experiment for a 2-Kilowatt Arcjet
Although detailed near field (0 to 3 cm) information regarding the exhaust plume of a two kilowatt arc jet is available (refs. 1 to 6), there is virtually little or no information (outside of theoretical extrapolations) available concerning the far field (2.6 to 6.1 m). Furthermore real information about the plasma at distances between (3 to 6 m) is of critical importance to high technology satellite companies in understanding the effect of arc jet plume exhausts on space based power systems. It is therefore of utmost importance that one understands the exact nature of the interaction between the arc jet plume, the spacecraft power system and the surrounding electrical plasma environment. A good first step in understanding the nature of the interactions lies in making the needed plume parameter measurements in the far field. All diagnostic measurements are performed inside a large vacuum system (12 m diameter by 18 m high) with a full scale arc jet and solar array panel in the required flight configuration geometry. Thus, necessary information regarding the plume plasma parameters in the far field is obtained. Measurements of the floating potential, the plasma potential, the electron temperature, number density, density distribution, debye length, and plasma frequency are obtained at various locations about the array (at vertical distances from the arc jet nozzle: 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 3.2, 3.6, 4.0, 4.9, 5.0, 5.4, 5.75, and 6.14 m). Plasma diagnostic parameters are measured for both the floating and grounded configurations of the arc jet anode and array. Spectroscopic optical measurements are then acquired in close proximity to the nozzle, and contamination measurements are made in the vicinity of the array utilizing a mass spectrometer and two Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCM's)
Arcing in LEO: Does the Whole Array Discharge?
The conventional wisdom about solar array arcing in LEO is that only the parts of the solar array that are swept over by the arc-generated plasma front are discharged in the initial arc. This limits the amount of energy that can be discharged. Recent work done at the NASA Glenn Research Center has shown that this idea is mistaken. In fact, the capacitance of the entire solar array may be discharged, which for large arrays leads to very large and possibly debilitating arcs, even if no sustained arc occurs. We present the laboratory work that conclusively demonstrates this fact by using a grounded plate that prevents the arc-plasma front from reaching certain array strings. Finally, we discuss the dependence of arc strength and arc pulse width on the capacitance that is discharged, and provide a physical mechanism for discharge of the entire array, even when parts of the array are not accessible to the arc-plasma front. Mitigation techniques are also presented
NASA GRC and MSFC Space-Plasma Arc Testing Procedures
Tests of arcing and current collection in simulated space plasma conditions have been performed at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, Ohio, for over 30 years and at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, for almost as long. During this period, proper test conditions for accurate and meaningful space simulation have been worked out, comparisons with actual space performance in spaceflight tests and with real operational satellites have been made, and NASA has achieved our own internal standards for test protocols. It is the purpose of this paper to communicate the test conditions, test procedures, and types of analysis used at NASA GRC and MSFC to the space environmental testing community at large, to help with international space-plasma arcing-testing standardization. Discussed herein are neutral gas conditions, plasma densities and uniformity, vacuum chamber sizes, sample sizes and Debye lengths, biasing samples versus self-generated voltages, floating samples versus grounded samples, test electrical conditions, arc detection, preventing sustained discharges during testing, real samples versus idealized samples, validity of LEO tests for GEO samples, extracting arc threshold information from arc rate versus voltage tests, snapover, current collection, and glows at positive sample bias, Kapton pyrolysis, thresholds for trigger arcs, sustained arcs, dielectric breakdown and Paschen discharge, tether arcing and testing in very dense plasmas (i.e. thruster plumes), arc mitigation strategies, charging mitigation strategies, models, and analysis of test results. Finally, the necessity of testing will be emphasized, not to the exclusion of modeling, but as part of a complete strategy for determining when and if arcs will occur, and preventing them from occurring in space
NASA GRC and MSFC Space-Plasma Arc Testing Procedures
Tests of arcing and current collection in simulated space plasma conditions have been performed at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, Ohio, for over 30 years and at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, for almost as long. During this period, proper test conditions for accurate and meaningful space simulation have been worked out, comparisons with actual space performance in spaceflight tests and with real operational satellites have been made, and NASA has achieved our own internal standards for test protocols. It is the purpose of this paper to communicate the test conditions, test procedures, and types of analysis used at NASA GRC and MSFC to the space environmental testing community at large, to help with international space-plasma arcing-testing standardization. To be discussed are: 1.Neutral pressures, neutral gases, and vacuum chamber sizes. 2. Electron and ion densities, plasma uniformity, sample sizes, and Debuy lengths. 3. Biasing samples versus self-generated voltages. Floating samples versus grounded. 4. Power supplies and current limits. Isolation of samples from power supplies during arcs. 5. Arc circuits. Capacitance during biased arc-threshold tests. Capacitance during sustained arcing and damage tests. Arc detection. Prevention sustained discharges during testing. 6. Real array or structure samples versus idealized samples. 7. Validity of LEO tests for GEO samples. 8. Extracting arc threshold information from arc rate versus voltage tests. 9. Snapover and current collection at positive sample bias. Glows at positive bias. Kapon (R) pyrolisis. 10. Trigger arc thresholds. Sustained arc thresholds. Paschen discharge during sustained arcing. 11. Testing for Paschen discharge threshold. Testing for dielectric breakdown thresholds. Testing for tether arcing. 12. Testing in very dense plasmas (ie thruster plumes). 13. Arc mitigation strategies. Charging mitigation strategies. Models. 14. Analysis of test results. Finally, the necessity of testing will be emphasized, not to the exclusion of modeling, but as part of a complete strategy for determining when and if arcs will occur, and preventing them from occurring in space
Prediction of exacerbation chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children with influenza
The objective: To develop a method for predicting exacerbation of chronic illness in children with asthma and cystic fibrosis, patients with influenza, based on the study of the dynamics of cytokines.Β Materials and methods: Were examined 52 patients with bronchial asthma and 45 children with cystic fibrosis at the age from 1 year to 12 years, located in infectious pulmonary Department at the planned treatment of underlying pathology, in which influenza was in-hospital infection. Control group observations included 40 patients with the flu, without concomitant pulmonary disease.Β The etiology of viral infection was established by detection of viral RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR. Among the influenza viruses were identified influenza ΠH1N1, ΠH3N2, influenza B, and in 2009β2010 the predominant antigen was the pandemic influenza virus ΠH1N1pdm09.Β Determination of the concentration of serum interleukins IL-1Ξ², IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, Π’NF-Ξ±, IFN-Ξ³ was performed in the 1st and 3rd day of hospitalization cytokines by the solid-phase immune-enzyme assay. Analysis of the results performed using statistical package SPSS 17.0 EN for Windows.Β Results: The flu caused the aggravation associated bronchopulmonary pathology in 2/3 of children, as MV patients, and patients with BA (65,4%-66,7%, respectively). With an increase of the ratio of IL-4 / IFN-Ξ³ and IL-10/IFN-Ξ³, at least 5-6 times, influenza can be considered a trigger of exacerbation of chronic bronchopulmonary pathologies that require amplification of the therapy of bronchial asthma and of Ρystic fibrosis. The growth of prognostic coefficients in 2-3 times allows using for treatment of influenza in these patients only antiviral agents.Β Conclusion: The study has shown a method for predicting exacerbation of bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis in children at an early stage of influenza by calculating the ratio of IL-4/IFN-Ξ³ and IL-10/IFN-Ξ³ in children aged from 1 year to 12 years
First results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: Benchmark Comparison of Optical and Mid-IR Tracers of a Dusty, Ionized Red Quasar Wind at z=0.435
The [OIII] 5007 A emission line is the most common tracer of warm, ionized
outflows in active galactic nuclei across cosmic time. JWST newly allows us to
use mid-infrared spectral features at both high spatial and spectral resolution
to probe these same winds. Here we present a comparison of ground-based,
seeing-limited [OIII] and space-based, diffraction-limited [SIV] 10.51 micron
maps of the powerful, kpc-scale outflow in the Type 1 red quasar SDSS
J110648.32+480712.3. The JWST data are from the Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI).
There is a close match in resolution between the datasets (0."4--0."6), in
ionization potential of the O+2 and S+3 ions (35 eV), and in line sensitivity
(1e-17 to 2e-17 erg/s/cm2/arcsec2). The [OIII] and [SIV] line shapes match in
velocity and linewidth over much of the 20 kpc outflowing nebula, and [SIV] is
the brightest line in the rest-frame 3.5--19.5 micron range, demonstrating its
usefulness as a mid-IR probe of quasar outflows. [OIII] is nevertheless
intriniscally brighter and provides better contrast with the point-source
continuum, which is strong in the mid-IR. There is a strong anticorrelation of
[OIII]/[SIV] with average velocity, which is consistent with a scenario of
differential obscuration between the approaching (blueshifted) and receding
(redshifted) sides of the flow. The dust in the wind may also obscure the
central quasar, consistent with models that attribute red quasar extinction to
dusty winds.Comment: Submitted to ApJ
ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΜΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ
The objective: To develop a method for predicting exacerbation of chronic illness in children with asthma and cystic fibrosis, patients with influenza, based on the study of the dynamics of cytokines.Β Materials and methods: Were examined 52 patients with bronchial asthma and 45 children with cystic fibrosis at the age from 1 year to 12 years, located in infectious pulmonary Department at the planned treatment of underlying pathology, in which influenza was in-hospital infection. Control group observations included 40 patients with the flu, without concomitant pulmonary disease.Β The etiology of viral infection was established by detection of viral RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR. Among the influenza viruses were identified influenza ΠH1N1, ΠH3N2, influenza B, and in 2009β2010 the predominant antigen was the pandemic influenza virus ΠH1N1pdm09.Β Determination of the concentration of serum interleukins IL-1Ξ², IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, Π’NF-Ξ±, IFN-Ξ³ was performed in the 1st and 3rd day of hospitalization cytokines by the solid-phase immune-enzyme assay. Analysis of the results performed using statistical package SPSS 17.0 EN for Windows.Β Results: The flu caused the aggravation associated bronchopulmonary pathology in 2/3 of children, as MV patients, and patients with BA (65,4%-66,7%, respectively). With an increase of the ratio of IL-4 / IFN-Ξ³ and IL-10/IFN-Ξ³, at least 5-6 times, influenza can be considered a trigger of exacerbation of chronic bronchopulmonary pathologies that require amplification of the therapy of bronchial asthma and of Ρystic fibrosis. The growth of prognostic coefficients in 2-3 times allows using for treatment of influenza in these patients only antiviral agents.Β Conclusion: The study has shown a method for predicting exacerbation of bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis in children at an early stage of influenza by calculating the ratio of IL-4/IFN-Ξ³ and IL-10/IFN-Ξ³ in children aged from 1 year to 12 years.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ².Β ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 52 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΈ 45 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 1 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎ 12 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΈΜ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 40 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ. ΠΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ Π ΠΠ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ¦Π . Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠH1N1, ΠH3N2, Π, Π° Π² 2009β2010 Π³Π³. ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠH1N1pdm09.Β ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΈΜΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² IL-1Ξ², IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, Π’NF-Ξ±, IFN-Ξ³ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² 1-ΠΈΜ ΠΈ 3-ΠΈΜ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π²ΠΈΡΒ»-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ SPSS 17.0 RU for Windows.Β Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π» ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΈΜ (65,4% ΠΈ 66,7% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ IL-4/IFN-Ξ³ ΠΈ IL-10/IFN-Ξ³ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π² 5β6 ΡΠ°Π· Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² 2β3 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ.Β ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΈΜ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ IL-4/IFN-Ξ³ ΠΈ IL-10/IFN-Ξ³ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 1 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎ 12 Π»Π΅Ρ.
Combined Experimental and Computational Study of the Thermochemistry of Methylpiperidines
Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation over Cinchona Alkaloid Modified Platinum: Mechanistic Insights into a Complex Reaction
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