44 research outputs found
Ultrashort filaments of light in weakly-ionized, optically-transparent media
Modern laser sources nowadays deliver ultrashort light pulses reaching few
cycles in duration, high energies beyond the Joule level and peak powers
exceeding several terawatt (TW). When such pulses propagate through
optically-transparent media, they first self-focus in space and grow in
intensity, until they generate a tenuous plasma by photo-ionization. For free
electron densities and beam intensities below their breakdown limits, these
pulses evolve as self-guided objects, resulting from successive equilibria
between the Kerr focusing process, the chromatic dispersion of the medium, and
the defocusing action of the electron plasma. Discovered one decade ago, this
self-channeling mechanism reveals a new physics, widely extending the frontiers
of nonlinear optics. Implications include long-distance propagation of TW beams
in the atmosphere, supercontinuum emission, pulse shortening as well as
high-order harmonic generation. This review presents the landmarks of the
10-odd-year progress in this field. Particular emphasis is laid to the
theoretical modeling of the propagation equations, whose physical ingredients
are discussed from numerical simulations. Differences between femtosecond
pulses propagating in gaseous or condensed materials are underlined. Attention
is also paid to the multifilamentation instability of broad, powerful beams,
breaking up the energy distribution into small-scale cells along the optical
path. The robustness of the resulting filaments in adverse weathers, their
large conical emission exploited for multipollutant remote sensing, nonlinear
spectroscopy, and the possibility to guide electric discharges in air are
finally addressed on the basis of experimental results.Comment: 50 pages, 38 figure
Juhfejés
Debreceni Egyetem Néprajzi Tanszé
Impact du stress au travail sur les conduites suicidaires (évaluation d'aprÚs une étude cas-témoin)
Le stress au travail peut ĂȘtre gĂ©nĂ©rateur de pathologies somatiques et psychiques. Parmi ces dernĂšres, les conduites suicidaires constituent un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique. Toutefois, toutes les situations de travail difficiles ne conduisent pas Ă des dĂ©compensations psychiques car le salariĂ© met en Ćuvre diffĂ©rents types de coping. La prĂ©vention s'appuie sur l'Ă©valuation des situations de travail et sur le repĂ©rage des signes de la crise suicidaire impliquant mĂ©decin du travail et psychiatre.AMIENS-BU SantĂ© (800212102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF