Seroprevalence of Enzootic Bovine Leucosis in dairy farms in the south of the province of Córdoba, Argentina

La Leucosis Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) afecta al tejido linfoide y el rasgo patológico distintivo es la transformación neoplásica de linfocitos B, su frecuencia es predominante en el ganado lechero adulto. Existen pocos estudios de prevalencia en Argentina que abarquen las principales regiones ganaderas. El Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y CalidadAgroalimentaria (SENASA), a través de su resolución Nº377/94, instauró de manera optativa, el Sistema de Certificación de Establecimientos Oficialmente Libres de LEB en la República Argentina (SENASA, 1994). Sin embargo muy pocos rodeos se han registrado en el sistema desde que existe la normativa. En Córdoba existen 3.393 UP con actividad tambo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la seroprevalencia de LEB en tambos de la región sur de la Provincia de Córdoba. Se analizaron 24 establecimientos de 6 departamentos, se seleccionaron sueros de vacas y vaquillonas para diagnóstico serológico por ELISA. La totalidad de los rodeos fueron categorizados como positivos, la media de vacas infectadas fue de 91% (mín.: 70%, máx.:100%) mientras que en las vaquillonas la mediana fue de 69% (mín.: 9%, máx.: 100%). Si contrastamos estos datos con relevamientos anteriores publicados por otros autores podemos concluir que la enfermedad ha tenido una diseminación muy importante en las últimas dos décadas. La intensificación de estos sistemas productivos y las escasas herramientas y estrategias de control efectivas pueden haber propiciado la situación actual de la enfermedad en los rodeos lecheros.Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) affects the lymphoid tissue and the distinctive pathological feature is the neoplastic transformation of B lymphocytes, its frequency is predominant in adult dairy cattle. In Argentina, are few prevalence studies in the main cattle regions. The National Service for Agrifood Health and Quality (SENASA), through its resolution No. 377/94, established, optionally, the Certification System for Officially Free Establishments of LEB in the Argentine Republic. However, very few detours have been registered in the system since the regulations exist. In Córdoba there are 3,393 dairy farms. The objective of this work was to know the seroprevalence of EBL in dairy farms in the southern region of the Province of Córdoba. Twenty-four establishments from 6 departments were analyzed; sera from cows and heifers were selected for serological diagnosis by ELISA. All the dairy farms were categorized as positive, the average of infected cows was 91% (min.: 70%, max.:100%), while in the heifers the median was 69% (min.: 9%, max.: 100%). If we contrast these data with previous surveys published by other authors we can conclude that the disease has had a very important spread in the last two decades. The intensification of these productive systems and the few effective tools and strategies control may have favored the current situation of the disease in dairy farms.Fil: Mació, Mauro. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Magnano, G.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Porta, Natalia Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Petersen, M.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Macias, Analía. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Sticotti, Erika. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Schneider, Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Giraudo, J.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentin

THERMOTROPIC POLYMORPHISM OF POTASSIUM 1-HEXADECANOATE - A LINK BETWEEN ROTATOR AND LIQUID-LIKE PHASES OF LIPID BILAYER SISTEMS

Potassium hexadecanoate forms polymorphic bilayer modifications characterized by increasing disorder in the polymethylenic chains with increasing temperature. The molecular organization in these phases seems to be intermediate between those typical of > and of > phases of related compounds; such an unusual organization is discussed and justified in terms of the surface densit

Comparación de diferentes métodos para identificar las especies del género Proteus Comparison of different methods in order to identify Proteus spp

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: a) identificar a nivel de especie aislamientos de Proteus siguiendo la combinación de los esquemas de Farmer y O'Hara; b) determinar la utilidad del sistema comercial API 20E y de un esquema reducido de pruebas (agar TSI y agar MIO: movilidad, indol y ornitina), comparar estos procedimientos con la metodología convencional y evaluar su sensibilidad y especificidad, y c) evaluar la utilidad del perfil proteico en la identificación de las distintas especies. Se estudiaron 205 aislamientos de Proteus spp. aislados en el período comprendido entre enero de 1998 y setiembre de 2004, recuperados de distintos materiales clínicos correspondientes a pacientes hospitalizados y ambulatorios atendidos en el Hospital de Clínicas. Los organismos fueron identificados mediante la metodología convencional, por el sistema API 20E y con un esquema reducido de pruebas; 48 de ellos fueron sometidos a un SDS-PAGE. API 20E identificó 79 de 87 aislamientos de P. mirabilis (90,8%), 103/103 del complejo P. vulgaris y 15/15 de P. penneri. Ocho aislamientos identificados como Proteus spp. resultaron ser P. mirabilis, al incluir una prueba adicional (maltosa). En la identificación, el esquema reducido coincidió en un 100% con la metodología convencional. A diferencia del sistema API 20E, el esquema reducido alcanza la correcta identificación de todas las especies en laboratorios de baja complejidad, sin la necesidad de pruebas adicionales. El perfil proteico permitió la correcta diferenciación de las tres especies, independientemente de las diferentes atipias de P. mirabilis.<br>The objectives were: a) to identify Proteus strains to species level, following Farmer's and O'Hara's conventional biochemical reactions; b) to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of both the API 20E method and a schema of reduced reactions (TSI and MIO agar: motility, indole and ornithine) comparing them with conventional methodology, and c) to evaluate the utility of SDS-PAGE (total proteins) in order to identify Proteus strains to species level. Two hundred and five Proteus spp. clinical isolates, were collected between January 1998 and September 2004, from inpatients and outpatients at Hospital de Clínicas. Strains were identified by means of conventional methodology, the API 20E method, and a schema of reduced reactions. SDS-PAGE (total proteins) was used in 48 out of the 205 strains. The API 20E method identified 79 out of 87 (90.8%) strains of P. mirabilis, 103 out of 103 P. vulgaris complex, and 15 out of 15 P. penneri. Eight strains of P. mirabilis were identified as Proteus spp., the acid production from maltose being necessary to identify them to species level. The schema of reduced reactions identified 205 out of 205 (100%) strains, that is, this schema of reduced reactions identified all the strains to species level without any additional tests, in marked contrast to the API 20E method. The SDS-PAGE (total proteins) identified the three species of the genus, even if the strains of P. mirabilis showed different biochemical reactions

Factors associated with climacteric symptoms in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in Italy

Objective: To obtain data on correlates of climacteric symptoms in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in Italy. Methods: Since 1997 a large cross sectional study has been conducted on the characteristics of women around menopause attending a network of first level menopause outpatient's clinics in Italy. A total of 66,501 (mean age 54.4 years) women are considered in the present paper. Results: The odds ratios of moderate and severe hot flashes/night sweats were lower in more educated women and (for severe symptoms only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Depression, difficulty to sleep, forgetfulness and irritability tended to be less frequent in more educated women and (depression only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Parous women reported more frequently these symptoms. Conclusions: This large study confirms in Southern European population that low education, body mass index and low physical activity are associated with climacteric symptoms. Parous women are at greater risk of psychological symptoms

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CLIMATERIC SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN AROUND MENOPAUSE ATTENDING MANOPAUSE CLINICS IN ITALY

Objective: To obtain data on correlates of climacteric symptoms in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in Italy. Methods: Since 1997 a large cross sectional study has been conducted on the characteristics of women around menopause attending a network of first level menopause outpatient\u2019s clinics in Italy. A total of 66,501 (mean age 54.4 years) women are considered in the present paper. Results: The odds ratios of moderate and severe hot flashes/night sweats were lower in more educated women and (for severe symptoms only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Depression, difficulty to sleep, forgetfulness and irritability tended to be less frequent in more educated women and (depression only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Parous women reported more frequently these symptoms. Conclusions: This large study confirms in Southern European population that low education, body mass index and low physical activity are associated with climacteric symptoms. Parous women are at greater risk of psychological symptoms. \ua9 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes in women attending menopause clinics in Italy: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: To analyze risk factors for type 2 diabetes among women attending menopause clinics in Italy for counselling about the menopause. SUBJECTS: Women attending a network of first-level outpatient menopause clinics in Italy for general counselling about menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with no exclusion criteria. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to National Diabetes Data Groups Indications and the fasting blood glucose at an oral glucose tolerance test within the previous year. RESULTS: Out of the 44 694 considered in this analysis, 808 had a diagnosis of diabetes type 2 (1.8%). In comparison with women aged or = 57 years. Type 2 diabetes was less frequently reported in more educated women (OR high school/university vs. primary school = 0.44 (95% CI, 0.36-0.55)). Being overweight was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In comparison with women reporting a low level of physical activity, the multivariate OR of type 2 diabetes was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54-0.84) for women reporting regular physical activity. In comparison with premenopausal women, the multivariate OR of type 2 diabetes was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.03-1.84) in women with natural menopause. This finding was present also after allowing for the potential confounding effect of age. The multivariate OR of diabetes for users of hormonal replacement therapy was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.46-0.73). CONCLUSIONS: This large cross-sectional study suggests that postmenopausal women are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes after allowance for the effect of age. Other main determinants of risk of type 2 diabetes in women around menopause were low socioeconomic status and being overweight. Diabetes was found less frequently in those taking hormone replacement therapy

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes in women attending menopause clinics in Italy: a cross-sectional study

To analyze risk factors for type 2 diabetes among women attending menopause clinics in Italy for counselling about the menopause