Black Hole Thermodynamics and Electromagnetism

We show a strong parallel between the Hawking, Beckenstein black hole Thermodynamics and electromagnetism: When the gravitational coupling constant transform into the electromagnetic coupling constant, the Schwarzchild radius, the Beckenstein temperature, the Beckenstein decay time and the Planck mass transform to respectively the Compton wavelength, the Hagedorn temperature, the Compton time and a typical elementary particle mass. The reasons underlying this parallalism are then discussed in detail.Comment: 10 pages, te

Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane microspheres

A novel particle forming polymerization technique for the preparation of polyurethane microspheres with particle size in the range 0.1-100 micron is described. The method is general, applicable to wide variety of diols and isocyanates and is very simple. The key to successful particle forming polymerization is the use of novel steric stabilizers, such as, a reactive diol containing two primary hydroxyl groups with a long hydrophobic acrylate ester moiety and an amphiphilic block copolymer. The effect of various reactiorr variables on the particle forming polymerization process will be discussed

The role of open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of the intercondylar fractures of humerus

Background: Inter-condylar fractures represent one of the most complicated and challenging fractures in the upper extremity. The results of managing these fractures non-operatively are limited by failure to get anatomical reduction and early mobilization, which often results in painful stiff elbow and/or pseudo-arthrosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate and analyse the role of open reduction and internal fixation in inter-condylar fractures of distal humerus.Methods: The present study was done in Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences between June 2014 and June 2017. Out of 34 cases of intercondylar fractures of humerus admitted during the period, 25 patients were selected for the study that satisfied our inclusion criteria. Three patients out of those selected could not be included in the study as one had cardiac issues pre-operatively, one refused surgery and one was lost to follow up.Results: Our study included 22 patients, 14 male and 8 female patients. Their average age was 41.4 years. The fractures were classified as per the AO classification. There were B1-3, B2-1, C1-6, C2-5, C3-7 fractures. Both compound and closed fractures were included. All the patients were operated by posterior olecranon Chevron osteotomy approach by a senior faculty member. Twenty two patients who satisfied our inclusion criteria were treated, followed up and the results analyzed using Cassabaum’s scale of elbow function we had 86% of excellent to good results. Our results are comparable with other similar studies.Conclusions: Posterior olecranon approach was found to be of most satisfactory approach by us. It allows good exposure of the joint and the ulnar nerve

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ERANDA THAILA (RICINUS COMMUNIS LINN.)

Ayurveda is the oldest of all remedial sciences in the world. Eranda (Ricinus Communis Linn.) commonly known as Castor plant is widespread throughout Tropical region. It is one of the important Ayurvedic herb used for centuries and oil has wide range of therapeutic properties. Castor oil has a multitude of uses in both the health and industrial sectors. Eranda thaila is one of the main drugs used for Virechana karma (purgative therapy) and Snehana karma (Oleation therapy) under Panchakarama therapy. It pacifies Vata, the aggravation of which is the root cause of all diseases. Among Chatusnehas (four types of unctuous materials), Thaila (oil) is the best for the management of Vatavyadhi (diseases of Vata) as it possess opposite Gunas (properties) of Vata. In Vatika vikaras (disorders caused by Vata) Sneha virechana (purgation by oil) is advised, as it clears obstruction in the Srotas (body channels) and relieves Vata vitiation subsequently. Eranda thaila (Castor oil) is one of widely used oil in Ayurvedic disease management both internally and externally. In Samhitas it is mentioned to be Vata Kaphahara and Adhobhaga doshahara (disorders of lower parts of the body) and has been praised for its Amvathahara (rheumatoid arthritis) property. It is also administered as adjuvant for various formulations. Eranda thaila (Castor oil) is a wonderful drug which can also rejuvenate the body and can be administered in many ways. Even though it has various medicinal properties, inappropriate usage causes adverse effects such as dizziness, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea; etc. Castor oil mainly consists of Ricinoleic acid

Bioencapsulation strategy and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) enrichment in Artemia franciscana nauplii by using marine trash fish Odonus niger liver oil

To investigate the maximum accumulation of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in Artemia franciscana nauplii through bioencapsulation process, five different concentrations (0 - 4%) of emulsified Odonus niger liver oil were prepared. The prepared emulsions were used to enrich A. franciscana at different time intervals of 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. After the enrichment period, the fatty acid composition of the nauplii were analysed and estimated individually along with freshly hatched A.franciscana and O. niger liver oil. The HUFA content such as linoleic (18: 2n-6), linolenic (18: 3n-3), arachidonic (20: 4n-3 + n-6), eicosapentaenoic (20: 5-n3) and docosahexaenoic (22: 6n-3) acids were 12.87, 0.21, 2.66, 2.86 and 2.30% dry weight (DW), respectively, in O. niger liver oil, and 8.60, 17.20, 1.80, 2.40 and 0.1% DW, respectively, in freshly hatched A. franciscana. During 6 – 24 h of enrichment period, all the above HUFA increased considerably from 8.76 to 10.84, 17.24 to 23.84, 1.16 to 3.98, 2.45 to 5.88 and 0.30 to 2.69% DW, respectively. The increase in the level of individual HUFA of A. franciscana enriched with various concentrations of emulsified liver oil at different time durations showed a positive linear relationship and the correlation coefficient obtained were statistically significant (P< 0.05)

Effect of biofertilizers and micronutrients on growth, leaf yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cv. Sadhana

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2015-16 at Research Farm, College of Horticulture, Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta (Andhra Pradesh), India, to study the effect of different biofertilizers and micronutrients on growth, leaf yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cv. Sadhana. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with biofertilizers and micronutrients. The biofertilizer treatments were seed inoculation with Azospirillum, Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria (PSB), Azospirillum + Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria (PSB) and control (without any biofertilizer), while the micronutrient treatments comprised of foliar sprays of Zinc sulphate, Copper sulphate, Ferrous sulphate each at @ 0.5% and control (without any micronutrient). The sixteen treatment combinations were replicated thrice. Among the treatments, seed inoculation with Azospirillum + PSB+ foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.5% recorded maximum plant height, number of primary branches, leaf area, fresh leaf yield per plant, leaf yield per plot, leaf yield per hectare, dry matter production, protein content, ascorbic acid content and moisture content. While, the lowest days to germination and leaf chlorophyll contents were recorded with the seed inoculation of Azospirillum + PSB + foliar spray of ferrous sulphate @ 0.5%

Cemented hemi arthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly

Background: The incidence of the intertrochanteric fractures is increasing in recent times. It is found that more and more of these fractures are seen in elderly. The treatment of these fractures was historically non surgical. The use of dynamic hip screw and angled blade plate in the surgical management of these fractures is a recent practice. The objective of the study was to analyse the role of cemented hemi-arthroplasty in the treatment of unstable inter trochanteric fractures in elderly.Methods: This study was conducted between June 2014 to June 2016. Results were analysed prospectively. From a total 94 inter trochanteric fractures admitted during this period 20 patients were chosen who fulfilled our inclusion criteria. All the patients were treated in Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences. Primary cemented hemiarthroplasty was done in the entire patient by a senior faculty member. The results were assessed according to Harris hip score.Results: There were 13 females and 7 males in our study. The average age was 69.2 years. There was Evan’s type 1-c 11, 1-d 7 and 1-e 2 in numbers all the patients were followed up for a period of 18 months.Conclusions: In our short study, it is concluded that the primary cemented hemi arthroplasty is a good option in unstable inter trochanteric fractures in elderly

PROMISING AYURVEDIC HERBS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KITIBHA (PSORIASIS)- A REVIEW

Psoriasis is one of the commonest skin disorders seen in routine clinical scenario, in entire world around 80 million people suffering from psoriasis. Psoriasis is differentiated by patches of abnormal skin. These skin patches are typically red, itchy, and scaly. Psoriasis varies in severity from small, localized patches to complete body coverage. It typically presents as red patches with white scales on top. Areas of the body most commonly affected are the back of the forearms, chin, navel area, and scalp. Diagnosis is typically based on the signs and symptoms. Men and women are affected with equal frequency. The disease may begin at any age, but typically starts in adulthood. Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of psoriatic arthritis, lymphomas, cardiovascular disease and depression. Psoriatic arthritis affects up to 30 percent of individuals with Psoriasis. It is noted that around 2% of population are touching with Psoriasis. In present study review on Herbs frequently used in treating psoriasis were compiled. The Herbs Nimba, Stri Kutaja, Guduchi, Daruharidra, Bhallataka Haritaki, Aragvadha, Amalaki, Karveera, Saptaparna, Khadira, Vasa, Guggulu, Chitraka &amp; Katuki are reviewed to be having Vata or Kapha balancing properties. The pharmacological studies showing that Nimbidin of Neem having anti psoriatic property, The Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Stri Kutaja and Guduchi are having anti oxidant and anti psychotic properties which are helpful in reducing the symptoms of psoriasis.