The impact of air pollution on the development of asthma in the population of the city of Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan

Analysis of the incidence of asthma in all adult and child population of the city of Kazan showed that the incidence rates in Kazan significantly exceed the national level, and there has been a reliable increase in the incidence of bronchial asthma in Kazan population over the past five years. According to the results of factor analysis of the causes of increasing incidence of asthma, air pollution takes one of the first rank places. We have analyzed the concentration of major pollutants contained in the atmosphere and affecting the incidence of respiratory diseases: suspended solids (total, and fractions PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, soot, formaldehyde, and ammonia. We have calculated hazard ratios (HR) for these substances, showing the presence of the risk of morbidity based on the concentration of the pollutant. Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the atmosphere of the city of Kazan significantly exceed the WHO-recommended concentration (3.9 times in 2010 to 2.9 times in 2015 for PM10, and 4.3 times in 2010 to 3.2 times in 2015 for PM2.5). That is, the hazard ratios (HR) ranged from 4.3 to 3.2. Hazard ratios for nitrogen dioxide, soot, and particulate matters significantly exceed unity, i.e., they pose the risk of incidence of the respiratory diseases

Morphological Characteristics of Tumors of the Outer Ear

The article is devoted to the morphological picture of tumors of the outer ear. It was found that benign tumors predominate in the structure of tumors of the outer ear, which are most often found at the age of 30 years and are localized in the cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal and external ear. The main part consisted of keloids, glomus angiomas and lipomas. An important role in the diagnosis of tumors at the present stage is played by morphological methods, in particular, histological examination. It is noted that their timely use will contribute to effective prevention of benign tumors of the external ear

Algorithm of calculation of energy consumption on the basis of differential model of the production task performed on machines with computer numeric control (CNC)

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The calculation algorithm, power consumption of all consumers involved in the operation and production tasks developed by the example of workplaces equipped with CNC machines is developed. The algorithm takes into account the actual status, operating modes and switching sequence of all electricity consumers

Energy planning in production shops with numerically controlled machine tools

© 2017, Allerton Press, Inc. A method is proposed for planning the energy expenditures in production buildings with numerically controlled machine tools. The calculations take account of the individual production operations, as well as the actual state of the machine-tool drives

Features of rotavirus diarrhea in adolescents

The purpose of the study to identify the features of the clinic of rotavirus diarrhea in adolescents.Цель исследования — выявить особенности клиники рота-норовирусной диареи у подростков

Neuropsychological evaluation of cognitive disorders in children after COVID-19

The article presents the results of neuropsychological remote and face-to-face testing of 25 children aged 12 to 17 years in the nearest (during and 1-2 weeks after the treatment) and later period (2-12 months) after COVID-19 infection with predominant respiratory tract infection, organized in Ekaterinburg in the State Autonomous Institution "Children's Hospital № 8". Indication of family contact with patients with a new coronavirus infection was found in all patients, a positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR was found in 58%, non-focal neurological complaints were found in 54% of children. The control group consisted of 25 pupils of Moscow comprehensive schools (14 girls and 11 boys) aged between 12 and 16 years who were examined before the pandemic. The methods included: investigation of the kinesthetic, spatial, dynamic, graphic praxis; auditory-motor coordination; visual, object-constructive gnosis; auditory-speech, visual memory; voluntary attention; thinking. Significant differences with the results of neuropsychological tests performed in children in the control group were found, allowing us to assert impairment of memory, attention, visual gnosis, visual-spatial function, kinesthetic and dynamic praxis, verbal and non-verbal component of thinking. According to A.R. Luria's theory, the topic of the disorders involves the temporo-parieto-occipital, mediobasal, frontotemporal parts of the brain, the reticular formation and limbic structures. This necessitates the development of corrective educational programs and an in-depth diagnostic algorithm that determines the morphological substrate of cognitive disorders in children, who have undergone COVID-19. © 2022 PAGEPress Publications. All rights reserved.Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, RNRMUThe study was funded by Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression as Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Risk Meta-Analysis of 119 Clinical Trials Involving 100 667 Patients

Background: To quantify the association between effects of interventions on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression and their effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods: We systematically collated data from randomized, controlled trials. cIMT was assessed as the mean value at the common-carotid-artery; if unavailable, the maximum value at the common-carotid-artery or other cIMT measures were used. The primary outcome was a combined CVD end point defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization procedures, or fatal CVD. We estimated intervention effects on cIMT progression and incident CVD for each trial, before relating the 2 using a Bayesian meta-regression approach. Results: We analyzed data of 119 randomized, controlled trials involving 100 667 patients (mean age 62 years, 42% female). Over an average follow-up of 3.7 years, 12 038 patients developed the combined CVD end point. Across all interventions, each 10 μm/y reduction of cIMT progression resulted in a relative risk for CVD of 0.91 (95% Credible Interval, 0.87–0.94), with an additional relative risk for CVD of 0.92 (0.87–0.97) being achieved independent of cIMT progression. Taken together, we estimated that interventions reducing cIMT progression by 10, 20, 30, or 40 μm/y would yield relative risks of 0.84 (0.75–0.93), 0.76 (0.67–0.85), 0.69 (0.59–0.79), or 0.63 (0.52–0.74), respectively. Results were similar when grouping trials by type of intervention, time of conduct, time to ultrasound follow-up, availability of individual-participant data, primary versus secondary prevention trials, type of cIMT measurement, and proportion of female patients. Conclusions: The extent of intervention effects on cIMT progression predicted the degree of CVD risk reduction. This provides a missing link supporting the usefulness of cIMT progression as a surrogate marker for CVD risk in clinical trials

Personality type D in mental disorders

The purpose of the study is to establish the association of type D personality with clinical diagnoses of psychosis, depression and neurotic disorders, to determine the relationship of nosology with the presence of type D personality and its components.Цель исследования – установить ассоциацию личности типа D с клиническими диагнозами психозов, депрессии и невротических расстройств, определить связи нозологий с наличием личности типа D и её компонентами

Eribulin-trastuzumab combination in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: updated results from a Russian observational study

Introduction. The standard of 1st line treatment of HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is double blockade with trastuzumab and pertuzumab + taxane, 2nd line – Trastuzumab-emtazine. There are no standards for further treatment, as well as the optimal drug sequence. Expansion of the arsenal of therapeutic possibilities and the use of new combinations will certainly improve the results of treatment of this category of patients and increase their life expectancy.Aim. We sought to describe treatment patterns of  eribulin  and clinical outcomes of  metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer treated with eribulin  plus trastuzumab combination in  academic institutions and community oncology practices across the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Patients treated with eribulin anytime between Jan, 2014 and Sep, 2019 with a diagnosis of MBC were identified by 23 providers from Russia. Providers retrospectively reviewed the health records and abstracted selected data points into an electronic case report form for each eligible patient.Results. 100 HER2-positive pts received eribulin in combination with trastuzumab. Median age was 55 (31–80) yrs and ECOG status 0–3. 67% pts had visceral metastases. Eribulin was administered as 1st and 2nd line to 23 (23%) pts, 3rd line to 31 (31%) pts, 4th line and later to 46 (46%). Median number of cycles was 5 (2–27). ORR was 12%, SD – 72%, SD > 6 months – 23%, PD – 16%. Clinical efficacy rate achieved in 35%. Median PFS was 5.07 months (95% CI 4.021–6.119). According to the ER-status the response to eribulin and trastuzumab was different. ORR was 18.8%, SD 72.9% in pts with ER-positive MBC (n = 48) and 5.8% and 71.2% respectively in ER-negative MBC (n = 52). Median PFS was 6.97 months (95% CI 3.924–10.016) in pts with ER-positive MBC and 4.67 months (95% CI 3.841–5.499) in ER-negative MBC (р = 0.3). The combination was well tolerated: dose reductions were required in 12% pts, withdrawal due to toxicity in 4% pts. The most common type of toxicity was hematological with neutropenia Gr III-IV in 14 (14%) pts. Peripheral neuropathy Gr III was observed in 5 (5%) pts. No cardiotoxicity was detected.Conclusions. This is the real-life data of clinical outcomes for patients receiving eribulin plus trastuzumab for HER2-positive MBC throughout the Russian Federation. Our experience with eribulin plus trastuzumab demonstrates that this combination may be a potential effective treatment option for HER-2 positive MBC patients