Features of laboratory parameters in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a new childhood disease associated with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that manifests itself 3–4 weeks after infection. The development of MIS-C is possible, despite the asymptomatic course of coronavirus infection. The pathogenetic features of MIS-C remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the state of peripheral blood parameters in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 upon admission to a hospital. Material and methods. We examined 52 children with MIS-C from 1 to 14 years old, hospitalized in Children`s Clinical Hospital No. 3 in Novosibirsk in October–December 2020. Testing for the isolation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in scrapings from the nasopharynx and oropharynx was carried out using real time PCR (test systems of DNA-Technology, Russia). The presence of specific IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in blood serum was determined by ELISA using Vector-Best kits (Russia). Results and discussion. It was noted that SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA was found only in 12.8 % of cases, while specific IgG antibodies in blood serum were detected in 100 % of children. IgM to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were detected in the blood serum only in 53.85 % of children with MIS-C. It has been established that unexpressed leukocytosis was found both in children under the age of 7 and in children of 8–14 years old. However, the leukocytes content in children of the older age group was significantly lower than in children aged 1–7 years. At the same time, in both age groups, some children had extremely low values of the indicator. The causes of severe leukopenia against the background of excessive inflammation remain unclear. Age groups (1–7 and 8–14 years) do not differ statistically significantly in the relative content of lymphocytes and neutrophils. In the study of individual values of the relative content of lymphocytes within the age groups, it was noted that only some children had lymphopenia of varying severity. Conclusions. Against the background of minor leukocytosis in children with MIS-C, upon admission to the hospital, there is a tendency to develop both relative and absolute lymphopenia, regardless of age. The study noted an extremely pronounced variability of individual values of the evaluated peripheral blood parameters, regardless of age, which, with similar clinical symptoms, characterized as MIS-C, requires further study in dynamics, taking into account the initial values of the indicators.There is no pronounced relationship between the leukocytes content and specific IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 antigens in the blood

Развитие цифровой экономики Казахстана

This article considers the concept of «digital economy», which many countries of the world are interested in creating. The characteristics of the digital economy, which is based on trade using the Internet, are clarified. The role of the digital economy as a factor of investment and innovation growth is revealed. Special emphasis is placed on the development of the digital economy of modern Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan’s approaches to the development of the digital economy are identified, and the ways of its creation in Kazakhstan are analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the study of indicators of the current state of digitalization of Kazakhstan in accordance with the indicators of annual international ratings. The problems hindering the digitalization of the country’s economy are highlighted.Рассматривается понятие «цифровая экономика», интерес созданию которой проявляют многие государства мира. Уточнена характеристика цифровой экономики, основу которой оставляет торговля с помощью Интернета. Выявлено роль цифровой экономика, как фактора инвестиционного и инновационного роста. Особый акцент сделан на развитии цифровой экономики современного Казахстана. Выявлены подходы Казахстана к развитию цифровой экономики, проанализированы пути ее создания в Казахстане. Значительное внимание уделено исследованию показателей современного состояния циф-ровизации Казахстана в соответствии с показателями ежегодных международных рейтингов. Выделены проблемы, препятствующие цифровизации экономики страны

Fandom and Coercive Empowerment: The commissioned production of Chinese online literature

This article examines how the relationship between consumers and producers of cultural products is shaped by the proprietary nature of digital platforms. Drawing on 4 years of online observation and analysis, we examine the relationship between the producers of online Chinese fiction, amateur writers, and their consumers, that is, the fan communities of readers who respond to their work. Enabled by Chinese literary websites, readers act like sponsors who provide emotional and financial incentives for writers to produce online fictions by commenting, voting, and sending money. Readers become actively involved not just because of the content of the stories but because they form strong commitments to stories and their writers, and gain reciprocity and a sense of self-determination during the interactional process. We argue that although writers are freer from state control online, they are still beholden to the whims of their fans because of what we call the commissioned production of fictions. We contribute to fan community studies by analyzing how commercialized website settings structure the strategies available to participants, how these settings affect the content of the cultural products, and how the Chinese historical and cultural contexts impact the dynamics of the online community.postprin

Electronic properties and phase transitions in low-dimensional semiconductors

We present the first review of the current state of the literature on electronic properties and phase transitions in TlX and TlMX2 (M = Ga, In; X = Se, S, Te) compounds. These chalcogenides belong to a family of the low-dimensional semiconductors possessing chain or layered structure. They are of significant interest because of their highly anisotropic properties, semi- and photoconductivity, non-linear effects in their I-V characteristics (including a region of negative differential resistance), switching and memory effects, second harmonic optical generation, relaxor behavior and potential applications for optoelectronic devices. We review the crystal structure of TlX and TlMX2 compounds, their transport properties under ambient conditions, experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic structure, transport properties and semiconductor-metal phase transitions under high pressure, and sequences of temperature-induced structural phase transitions with intermediate incommensurate states. Electronic nature of the ferroelectric phase transitions in the above-mentioned compounds, as well as relaxor behavior, nanodomains and possible occurrence of quantum dots in doped and irradiated crystals is discussed.Comment: 70 pages, 38 figure

Принципиальные направления совершенствования механизма обеспечения продовольственной безопасности Республики Беларусь

Food security largely determines stability of the entire economic system. The Republic of Belarus overcame the deficiency and ensured food security, as well as formed a significant export potential in the agri-food sector of the economy. In this regard, outside views on the Belarusian model of ensuring food security are of particular interest. There is an objective need to ensure undeniable competitive advantages of domestic food products in terms of quality safety, expanding the marketing potential of Belarusian products in the domestic and foreign markets, and effectively integrating the national agro-industrial complex into the global market space. The paper presents conceptual directions for improving the mechanism for ensuring food security of the Republic of Belarus. Trends of physical and economic availability of food in the domestic market, some destructive factors and potential threats have been revealed. Feasibility of developing national plan for implementation of provisions of the Doctrine and the principles of its arrangement have been substantiated, including: consistency with the model of ensuring national food security and independence; compliance with the criteria for sustainable development of the social-and-economic system of the agri-food complex; stakeholder inclusiveness and accountability; operational and strategic monitoring of the efficiency of measures, etc. The main units of measures are proposed, which cover creation of an efficient monitoring and management system; ensuring quality and safety of food in the domestic market; promotion and implementation of principles of healthy diets among population; regulation of the domestic market balance; increasing the competitiveness of the domestic agri-food complex; creation of favorable competitive environment; development of scientific, innovation and investment potential. This development will increase the efficiency of the Doctrine of National Food Security as a strategic planning document, as well as substantiate and introduce the mechanisms required for solving the assigned tasks.Обеспечение продовольственной безопасности во многом определяет устойчивость всей экономической системы в целом. Республика Беларусь преодолела дефицит и обеспечила продовольственную безопасность, а также сформировала значительный экспортный потенциал в агропродовольственном секторе экономики. В этой связи особый интерес представляют сторонние взгляды на белорусскую модель обеспечения продовольственной безопасности. Существует объективная необходимость обеспечения неоспоримых конкурентных преимуществ отечественных продуктов питания по критериям безопасности качества, расширения сбытового потенциала белорусской продукции на внутреннем и внешних рынках, эффективной интеграции национального АПК в мировое рыночное пространство. В статье представлены принципиальные направления совершенствования механизма обеспечения продовольственной безопасности Республики Беларусь. Выявлены тенденции физической и экономической доступности продовольствия на внутреннем рынке, отдельные деструктивные факторы и потенциальные угрозы. Обоснована целесообразность разработки Комплексного национального плана по реализации положений Доктрины и принципы его формирования, среди которых: согласованность с моделью обеспечения национальной продовольственной безопасности и независимости; соответствие критериям устойчивого развития социально-экономической системы агропродовольственного комплекса; инклюзивность и ответственность заинтересованных сторон; оперативный и стратегический мониторинг эффективности мер и др. Предложены основные блоки мероприятий, которые охватывают создание эффективной системы мониторинга и управления; обеспечение качества и безопасности продовольствия на внутреннем рынке; пропаганду и внедрение принципов здорового питания среди населения; регулирование сбалансированности внутреннего рынка; повышение устойчивости и конкурентоспособности отечественного агропродовольственного комплекса; создание благоприятной конкурентной среды; развитие научно-инновационного и инвестиционного потенциала. Разработка позволит повысить эффективность Доктрины национальной продовольственной безопасности как документа стратегического планирования, а также обосновать и внедрить необходимые механизмы решения поставленных задач

СИСТЕМА МЕР ПО РАЗВИТИЮ РЫНКА СЕМЯН ОВОЩНЫХ КУЛЬТУР В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ

Original and elite seeds of agricultural plants are the basis for production of reproductive seeds and contribute to an increase in the production of vegetable products, providing raw materials to processing companies of the republic. Greenhouse varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops have a high potential, have a complex of economically valuable features and can occupy a certain niche in professional and especially amateur vegetable growing. However, implementation of the potential of the created varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops is largely determined by the conditions of seed production. It has been determined, that the situation in the country is when over 85 % of the seeds of vegetable crops used for the production of vegetables are imported. At the same time, the production of the necessary volumes of seeds, which will ensure the standard production of vegetable products for consumption by the population and the manufacturing industry, is not only a factor in the development of the vegetable market, but also a condition for helping to guarantee the country’s food security. In this regard, it is necessary to intensify domestic selection and seed production in the vegetable sector. The article substantiates a practice-oriented system of measures for the development of the market of seeds of vegetable crops in the Republic of Belarus, including the following blocks of regulatory action: stimulating the development of the sphere of reproduction of vegetable seeds; improving the accounting of the movement of commodity flows in the market of vegetable seeds; integration of the country into the world system of commodity seed production of vegetable crops; ensuring traceability of seed turnover based on digitalization; development of an integrated technical and economic approach to the implementation of production activities; monitoring of the market of seeds of vegetable crops. The development contains a set of systematized tools, the use of which allows justifying effective management decisions in the field of agro-industrial complex for the effective formation of a favorable organizational and economic environment for the production and sale of competitive seeds of vegetable crops of domestic selection.Оригинальные и элитные семена сельскохозяйственных растений являются основой производства репродукционных семян и способствуют увеличению объемов производства овощной продукции, обеспечению сырьем перерабатывающих организаций республики. Отечественные сорта и гибриды овощных культур имеют высокий потенциал, обладают комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков и могут занять определенную нишу в профессиональном и особенно в любительском овощеводстве. Вместе с тем реализация потенциала созданных сортов и гибридов овощных культур во многом определяется условиями семеноводства. В стране сложилась ситуация, при которой свыше 85 % семян овощных культур, используемых для производства овощей, завозится по импорту. При этом производство необходимых объемов семян, которое обеспечит нормативный выпуск овощной продукции для потребления населением и обрабатывающей промышленностью, выступает не только фактором развития овощного рынка, но и условием содействия гарантированию продовольственной безопасности страны. В связи с этим требуется активизация отечественной селекции и семеноводства в овощеводческой сфере. В статье обоснована практико-ориентированная система мер по развитию рынка семян овощных культур в Республике Беларусь, включающая следующие блоки регулятивного воздействия: стимулирование развития сферы размножения семян овощных культур; совершенствование учета движения товарных потоков на рынке семян овощных культур; интеграция страны в мировую систему товарного семеноводства овощных культур; обеспечение прослеживаемости оборота семян на основе цифровизации; развитие комплексного технико-экономического подхода осуществления производственной деятельности; проведение мониторинга рынка семян овощных культур. Разработка содержит совокупность систематизированных инструментов, применение которых позволяет обосновывать действенные управленческие решения в сфере АПК для эффективного формирования благоприятной организационно-экономической среды производства и сбыта конкурентоспособных семян овощных культур отечественной селекции

"Being in a Knowledge Space": information behaviour of cult media fan communities

This article describes the first two parts of a three-stage study investigating the information behaviour of fans and fan communities, focusing on fans of cult media. A literature analysis shows that information practices are an inherent and major part of fan activities, and that fans are practitioners of new forms of information consumption and production, showing sophisticated activities of information organisation and dissemination. A subsequent Delphi study, taking the novel form of a 'serious leisure' Delphi, in which the participants are not experts in the usual sense, identifies three aspects of fan information behaviour of particular interest beyond the fan context: information gatekeeping; classifying and tagging; and entrepreneurship and economic activity

Острый вирусный гепатит В у ребенка грудного возраста: клиническое наблюдение

Routine vaccination against viral hepatitis B (HBV) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality from this infection. The development of acute HBV in children is currently a rarity, but there is still the possibility of developing a similar scenario in children from family foci of HBV, aswell as in children with no specific prophylaxis. A clinical observation of the development of acute HBV in aninfant is presented, and the difficulties of managing such patients are demonstrated.Плановая вакцинация против вирусного гепатита В (ВГВ) позволила значительно снизить заболеваемость и смертность от указанной инфекции. Развитие острого ВГВ у детей на настоящий момент является редкостью, однако сохраняется возможность развития подобного сценария у детей из семейных очагов ВГВ, а также у детей с отсутствием специфической профилактики.Приведено клиническое наблюдение развития острого ВГВ у ребенка грудного возраста, продемонстрированы сложности ведения подобных пациентов